Structure and mechanical properties of consumer-friendly PMMA microcapsules

Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research

Volumn 52, Issue 33, 2013, Pages 11253-11265

  Pan, Xuemiao ^a   Mercadé Prieto, Ruben ^a   York, David ^b   Preece, Jon A ^b   Zhang, Zhibing ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONFOCAL LASER SCANNING MICROSCOPY; DISPLACEMENT PROFILES; HOMOGENIZATION PROCEDURE; IN-SITU POLYMERIZATION; MEMBRANE EMULSIFICATION; NARROW SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) (PMMA); POLYMERIZATION REACTION;

ACRYLIC MONOMERS; EMULSIFICATION; ESTERS; INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; POLYMERIZATION; SHELLS (STRUCTURES); SOAPS (DETERGENTS);

ENCAPSULATION;

EID: 84883191318     PISSN: 08885885     EISSN: 15205045     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ie303451s     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. Teixeira, M. A.; Rodriguez, O.; Rodrigues, S.; Martins, I.; Rodrigues, A. E. A case study of product engineering: Performance of microencapsulated perfumes on textile applications AIChE J. 2012, 58, 1939
2. Hu, J.; Xiao, Z. B.; Ma, S. S.; Zhou, R. J.; Wang, M. X.; Li, Z. Properties of osmanthus fragrance-loaded chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles delivered through cotton fabrics J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2012, 123, 3748
3. Hu, J.; Xiao, Z. B.; Zhou, R. J.; Ma, S. S.; Li, Z.; Wang, M. X. Comparison of compounded fragrance and chitosan nanoparticles loaded with fragrance applied in cotton fabrics Text. Res. J. 2011, 81, 2056
4. Zhang, Y.; Rochefort, D. Characterisation and applications of microcapsules obtained by interfacial polycondensation J Microencapsulation 2012, 1
5. Pena, B.; Panisello, C.; Areste, G.; Garcia-Valls, R.; Gumi, T. Preparation and characterization of polysulfone microcapsules for perfume release Chem. Eng. J. 2012, 179, 394
6. Specos, M. M. M.; Escobar, G.; Marino, P.; Puggia, C.; Tesoriero, M. V. D.; Hermida, L. Aroma Finishing of Cotton Fabrics by Means of Microencapsulation Techniques J. Ind. Text. 2010, 40, 13
7. Monllor, P.; Bonet, M. A.; Cases, F. Characterization of the behaviour of flavour microcapsules in cotton fabrics Eur. Polym. J. 2007, 43, 2481
8. Bone, S.; Vautrin, C.; Barbesant, V.; Truchon, S.; Harrison, I.; Geffroy, C. Microencapsulated Fragrances in Melamine Formaldehyde Resins Chimia 2011, 65, 177
9. Gimenez-Arnau, A.; Gimenez-Arnau, E.; Serra-Baldrich, E.; Lepoittevin, J. P.; Camarasa, J. G. Principles and methodology for identification of fragrance allergens in consumer products Contact Dermatitis 2002, 47, 345
10. Nardelli, A.; Drieghe, J.; Claes, L.; Boey, L.; Goossens, A. Fragrance allergens in "specific" cosmetic products Contact Dermatitis 2011, 64, 212
11. Pan, X. M.; York, D.; Preece, J. A.; Zhang, Z. B. Size and strength distributions of melamine-formaldehyde microcapsules prepared by membrane emulsification Powder Technol. 2012, 227, 43
12. Long, Y.; York, D.; Zhang, Z. B.; Preece, J. A. Microcapsules with low content of formaldehyde: Preparation and characterization J. Mater. Chem. 2009, 19, 6882
13. Hwang, J. S.; Kim, J. N.; Wee, Y. J.; Yun, J. S.; Jang, H. G.; Kim, S. H.; Ryu, H. W. Preparation and characterization of melamine-formaldehyde resin microcapsules containing fragrant oil Biotechnol. Bioprocess. Eng. 2006, 11, 332
14. Pluyter, J. G. L.; Anastasiou, T. J. International flavors & fragrances, Encapsulated Fragrance Materials and Methods for Making Same, Eur. Patent 1719554, 2006.
15. Hunt, A.; O' Neil, R. M. Process for the Preparation of Microcapsules U.S. Patent 7,807,076, 2004.
16. Li, W.; Wang, J. P.; Wang, X. C.; Wu, S. Z.; Zhang, X. X. Effects of ammonium chloride and heat treatment on residual formaldehyde contents of melamine-formaldehyde microcapsules Colloid Polym. Sci. 2007, 285, 1691
17. Pretzl, M.; Neubauer, M.; Tekaat, M.; Kunert, C.; Kuttner, C.; Leon, G.; Berthier, D.; Erni, P.; Ouali, L.; Fery, A. Formation and Mechanical Characterization of Aminoplast Core/Shell Microcapsules ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2012, 4, 2940
18. Hernandez, O.; Rhomberg, L.; Hogan, K.; Siegelscott, C.; Lai, D.; Grindstaff, G.; Henry, M.; Cotruvo, J. A. Risk Assessment of Formaldehyde J. Hazard. Mater. 1994, 39, 161
19. Cole, P.; Adami, H. O.; Trichopoulos, D.; Mandel, J. Formaldehyde and lymphohematopoietic cancers: A review of two recent studies Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2010, 58, 161
20. Lazenby, V.; Hinwood, A.; Callan, A.; Franklin, P. Formaldehyde personal exposure measurements and time weighted exposure estimates in children Chemosphere 2012, 88, 966
21. Yepes, M. E. G.; Cremades, L. V. Characterization of Wood Dust from Furniture by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-dispersive X-ray Analysis Ind. Health 2011, 49, 492
22. Kelly, T. J.; Smith, D. L.; Satola, J. Emission rates of formaldehyde from materials and consumer products found in California homes Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33, 81
23. Garrett, M. H.; Hooper, M. A.; Hooper, B. M.; Rayment, P. R.; Abramson, M. J. Increased risk of allergy in children due to formaldehyde exposure in homes Allergy 1999, 54, 330
24. Nesic, V.; Sipetic, S.; Vlajinac, H.; Stosic-Divjak, S.; Jesic, S. Risk Factors for the Occurrence of Undifferentiated Carcinoma of Nasopharyngeal Type: A Case-Control Study Srp. Arh. Celok. Lek. 2010, 138, 6
25. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Formaldehyde; Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, 1985.
26. J&J to Remove "Toxic" Chemicals from Products. The Chemical Engineer 2012, (Aug. 20), 6.
27. Su, J. F.; Wang, L. X.; Ren, L.; Huang, Z. Mechanical properties and thermal stability of double-shell thermal-energy-storage microcapsules J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2007, 103, 1295
28. Su, J. F.; Wang, S. B.; Zhang, Y. Y.; Huang, Z. Physicochemical properties and mechanical characters of methanol-modified melamine-formaldehyde (MMF) shell microPCMs containing paraffin Colloid Polym. Sci. 2011, 289, 111
29. Rodrigues, S. N.; Martins, I. M.; Fernandes, I. P.; Gomes, P. B.; Mata, V. G.; Barreiro, M. F.; Rodrigues, A. E. Scentfashion (R): Microencapsulated perfumes for textile application Chem. Eng. J. 2009, 149, 463
30. Park, S. J.; Yang, Y. J.; Lee, H. B. Effect of acid-base interaction between silica and fragrant oil in the PCL/PEG microcapsules Colloids Surf., B 2004, 38, 35
31. Rasmussen, W. L. Novel Carbazole Based Methacrylates, Acrylates, and Dimethacrylates to Produce High Refractive Index Polymers. Ph.D. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 2001.
32. Ju, H. K.; Kim, J. W.; Han, S. H.; Chang, I. S.; Kim, H. K.; Kang, H. H.; Lee, O. S.; Suh, K. D. Thermotropic liquid-crystal/polymer microcapsules prepared by in situ suspension polymerization Colloid Polym. Sci. 2002, 280, 879
33. Cho, S. A.; Park, N. H.; Kim, J. W.; Suh, K. D. Preparation of mono-sized PMMA/liquid crystal microcapsules by solute co-diffusion method Colloids Surf., A 2002, 196, 217
34. Alkan, C.; Sari, A.; Karaipekli, A.; Uzun, O. Preparation, characterization, and thermal properties of microencapsulated phase change material for thermal energy storage Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2009, 93, 143
35. Alay, S.; Alkan, C.; Gode, F. Synthesis and characterization of poly(methyl methacrylate)/ n -hexadecane microcapsules using different cross-linkers and their application to some fabrics Thermochim. Acta 2011, 518, 1
36. Sari, A.; Alkan, C.; Karaipekli, A.; Uzun, O. Microencapsulated n -octacosane as phase change material for thermal energy storage Sol. Energy 2009, 83, 1757
37. Zydowicz, N.; Nzimba-Ganyanad, E.; Zydowicz, N. PMMA microcapsules containing water-soluble dyes obtained by double emulsion/solvent evaporation technique Polym. Bull. 2002, 47, 457
38. Lee, D. H.; Sim, G. S.; Kim, J. H.; Lee, G. S.; Pyo, H. B.; Lee, B. C. Preparation and characterization of quercetin-loaded polymethyl methacrylate microcapsules using a polyol-in-oil-in-polyol emulsion solvent evaporation method J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2007, 59, 1611
39. Kim, J. W.; Lee, K. S.; Ju, H. K.; Ryu, J. H.; Han, S. H.; Chang, I. S.; Kang, H. H.; Oh, S. G.; Suh, K. D. Microencapsulation of cholesteryl alkanoate by polymerization-induced phase separation and its association with drugs J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2004, 42, 2202
40. Nazir, H.; Lv, P. P.; Wang, L. Y.; Lian, G. P.; Zhu, S. P.; Ma, G. H. Uniform-sized silicone oil microemulsions: Preparation, investigation of stability and deposition on hair surface J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2011, 364, 56
41. Zhou, Q. Z.; Wang, L. Y.; Ma, G. H.; Su, Z. G. Preparation of uniform-sized agarose beads by microporous membrane emulsification technique J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2007, 311, 118
42. Liu, R.; Ma, G. H.; Meng, F. T.; Su, Z. G. Preparation of uniform-sized PLA microcapsules by combining Shirasu Porous Glass membrane emulsification technique and multiple emulsion-solvent evaporation method J. Controlled Release 2005, 103, 31
43. Hu, J. F.; Chen, H. Q.; Zhang, Z. B. Mechanical properties of melamine formaldehyde microcapsules for self-healing materials Mater. Chem. Phys. 2009, 118, 63
44. Chang, C. C.; Tsai, Y. L.; Chiu, J. J.; Chen, H. Preparation of Phase Change Materials Microcapsules by Using PMMA Network-Silica Hybrid Shell Via Sol-Gel Process J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2009, 112, 1850
45. Kim, J. W.; Ko, J. Y.; Jun, J. B.; Chang, I. S.; Kang, H. H.; Suh, K. D. Multihollow polymer microcapsules by water-in-oil-in-water emulsion polymerization: Morphological study and entrapment characteristics Colloid Polym. Sci. 2003, 281, 157
46. Taguchi, Y.; Yokoyama, H.; Kado, H.; Tanaka, M. Preparation of PCM microcapsules by using oil absorbable polymer particles Colloids Surf., A 2007, 301, 41
47. Loxley, A.; Vincent, B. Preparation of poly(methylmethacrylate) microcapsules with liquid cores J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1998, 208, 49
48. Chen, F. T.; Jiang, X. S.; Liu, R.; Yin, J. Polymeric vesicles with well-defined poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) brushes via surface-initiated photopolymerization (SIPP) Polym. Chem. 2011, 2, 614
49. Aryanti, N.; Hou, R. Z.; Williams, R. A. Performance of a rotating membrane emulsifier for production of coarse droplets J. Membr. Sci. 2009, 326, 9
50. Yuan, Q. C.; Cayre, O. J.; Manga, M.; Williams, R. A.; Biggs, S. Preparation of particle-stabilized emulsions using membrane emulsification Soft Matter 2010, 6, 1580
51. Stillwell, M. T.; Holdich, R. G.; Kosvintsev, S. R.; Gasparini, G.; Cumming, I. W. Stirred cell membrane emulsification and factors influencing dispersion drop size and uniformity Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2007, 46, 965
52. Mercade-Prieto, R.; Nguyen, B.; Allen, R.; York, D.; Preece, J. A.; Goodwin, T. E.; Zhang, Z. B. Determination of the elastic properties of single microcapsules using micromanipulation and finite element modeling Chem. Eng. Sci. 2011, 66, 2042
53. Huisman, S. G.; van Gils, D. P. M.; Sun, C. Applying laser Doppler anemometry inside a Taylor-Couette geometry using a ray-tracer to correct for curvature effects Eur. J. Mech., B: Fluids 2012, 36, 115
54. Sun, G.; Zhang, Z. Mechanical properties of melamine-formaldehyde microcapsules J. Microencapsulation 2001, 18, 593
55. Thomas, C. R.; Zhang, Z.; Cowen, C. Micromanipulation measurements of biological materials Biotechnol. Lett. 2000, 22, 531
56. Yap, S. F.; Adams, M. J.; Seville, J. P. K.; Zhang, Z. B. Single and bulk compression of pharmaceutical excipients: Evaluation of mechanical properties Powder Technol. 2008, 185, 1
57. Capodagli, J.; Lakes, R. Isothermal viscoelastic properties of PMMA and LDPE over 11 decades of frequency and time: a test of time-temperature superposition Rheol. Acta 2008, 47, 777
58. Yang, G. H.; Tan, Y. S.; Han, Y. Z.; Qiu, J. S.; Tsubaki, N. Increasing the shell thickness by controlling the core size of zeolite capsule catalyst: Application in iso-paraffin direct synthesis Catal. Commun. 2008, 9, 2520
59. Long, Y.; Vincent, B.; York, D.; Zhang, Z. B.; Preece, J. A. Organic-inorganic double shell composite microcapsules Chem. Commun. 2010, 46, 1718
60. Tavera, E. M.; Kadali, S. B.; Bagaria, H. G.; Liu, A. W.; Wong, M. S. Experimental and modeling analysis of diffusive release from single-shell microcapsules AIChE J. 2009, 55, 2950
61. Paramita, V.; Iida, K.; Yoshii, H.; Furuta, T. Effect of Feed Liquid Temperature on the Structural Morphologies of d -Limonene Microencapsulated Powder and Its Preservation J. Food Sci. 2010, 75, E39
62. Chen, H. M.; Ouyang, W.; Lawuyi, B.; Prakash, S. Genipin cross-linked alginate-chitosan microcapsules: Membrane characterization and optimization of cross-linking reaction Biomacromolecules 2006, 7, 2091
63. Lebedeva, O. V.; Kim, B. S.; Vinogradova, O. I. Mechanical properties of polyelectrolyte-filled multilayer microcapsules studied by atomic force and confocal microscopy Langmuir 2004, 20, 10685
64. Tzhayik, O.; Cavaco-Paulo, A.; Gedanken, A. Fragrance release profile from sonochemically prepared protein microsphere containers Ultrason. Sonochem. 2012, 19, 858
65. Zhang, Z.; Stenson, J. D.; Thomas, C. R. In Advances in Chemical Engineering; Li, J., Ed.; Elsevier: London, 2009; Vol. 37, pp 29-85.
66. Brown, E. N.; Kessler, M. R.; Sottos, N. R.; White, S. R. In situ poly(urea-formaldehyde) microencapsulation of dicyclopentadiene J. Microencapsulation 2003, 20, 719
67. Mercade-Prieto, R.; Allen, R.; York, D.; Preece, J. A.; Goodwin, T. E.; Zhang, Z. Determination of the Failure Stresses for Fluid-filled Microcapsules that Rupture Near the Elastic Regime Exp. Mech. 2012, 52, 1435
68. O'Sullivan, M.; Zhang, Z. B.; Vincent, B. Silica-Shell/Oil-Core Microcapsules with Controlled Shell Thickness and Their Breakage Stress Langmuir 2009, 25, 7962
69. Rehor, A.; Canaple, L.; Zhang, Z. B.; Hunkeler, D. The compressive deformation of multicomponent microcapsules: Influence of size, membrane thickness, and compression speed J. Biomater. Sci., Polym. Ed. 2001, 12, 157
70. Mercade-Prieto, R.; Allen, R.; York, D.; Preece, J. A.; Goodwin, T. E.; Zhang, Z. B. Compression of elastic-perfectly plastic microcapsules using micromanipulation and finite element modelling: Determination of the yield stress Chem. Eng. Sci. 2011, 66, 1835
71. Vincent, P. I. Correlation between Critical Tensile-Strength and Polymer Cross-Sectional Area Polymer 1972, 13, 558
72. Shen, J.; Chen, C. C.; Sauer, J. A. Effects of Sorbed Water on Properties of Low and High Molecular-Weight Pmma. 1. Deformation and Fracture-Behavior Polymer 1985, 26, 511
73. Stachurski, Z. H. Strength and deformation of rigid polymers: the stress-strain curve in amorphous PMMA Polymer 2003, 44, 6067
74. Ishiyama, C.; Higo, Y. Effects of humidity on Young's modulus in poly(methyl methacrylate) J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2002, 40, 460
75. Kusy, R. P.; Whitley, J. Q.; Kalachandra, S. Mechanical properties and interrelationships of poly(methyl methacrylate) following hydration over saturated salts Polymer 2001, 42, 2585
76. Mercade-Prieto, R.; Zhang, Z. B. Mechanical characterization of microspheres-Capsules, cells and beads: A review J. Microencapsulation 2012, 29, 277
77. Chen, W.; Lu, F.; Cheng, M. Tension and compression tests of two polymers under quasistatic and dynamic loading Polym. Test. 2002, 21, 113
78. Soderholm, K. J.; Calvert, P. D. Effects of Water on Glass-Filled Methacrylate Resins J. Mater. Sci. 1983, 18, 2957
79. Taber, L. A. Large Deflection of a Fluid-Filled Spherical-Shell under a Point Load J. Appl. Mech. 1982, 49, 121
80. Fery, A.; Weinkamer, R. Mechanical properties of micro- and nanocapsules: Single-capsule measurements Polymer 2007, 48, 7221
81. Dubreuil, F.; Elsner, N.; Fery, A. Elastic properties of polyelectrolyte capsules studied by atomic-force microscopy and RICM Eur. Phys. J. E 2003, 12, 215
82. Hutchinson, I. H. Spin stability of asymmetrically charged plasma dust. New J. Phys. 2004, 6
83. Liu, K. K.; Williams, D. R.; Briscoe, B. J. The large deformation of a single micro-elastomeric sphere J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 1998, 31, 294
84. Mercade-Prieto, R.; Allen, R.; Zhang, Z. B.; York, D.; Preece, J. A.; Goodwin, T. E. Failure of elastic-plastic core-shell microcapsules under compression AIChE J. 2012, 58, 2674
85. Reissner, E. Prog. Colloid Polym. Sci. 2006, 132, 117
86. Carlisle, K. B.; Lewis, M.; Chawla, K. K.; Koopman, M.; Gladysz, G. M. Finite element modeling of the uniaxial compression behavior of carbon microballoons Acta Mater. 2007, 55, 2301