메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 17, 2013, Pages 6660-6678

Climate change in the South American monsoon system: Present climate and CMIP5 projections

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE FORECASTS; CLIMATIC FEATURES; COUPLED MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; MODEL SIMULATION; MONSOON PRECIPITATION; OBSERVATIONAL DATA; SEASONAL AMPLITUDES; SOUTHERN BRAZIL;

EID: 84883149682     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00412.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (88)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 0033929780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Springtime precipitation and water vapor flux over southeastern South America
    • Berbery, E. H., and E. A. Collini, 2000: Springtime precipitation and water vapor flux over southeastern South America. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 1328-1346.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.128 , pp. 1328-1346
    • Berbery, E.H.1    Collini, E.A.2
  • 2
    • 0036960487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hydrologic cycle of the La Plata basin in South America
    • Berbery, E. H., and E. A. Collini, and V. R. Barros, 2002: The hydrologic cycle of the La Plata basin in South America. J. Hydrometeor., 3, 630-645.
    • (2002) J. Hydrometeor. , vol.3 , pp. 630-645
    • Berbery, E.H.1    Collini, E.A.2    Barros, V.R.3
  • 3
    • 84874786798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of a high resolution global model over southern South America
    • Blázquez, J., and M. N. Nuñez, 2013: Performance of a high resolution global model over southern South America. Int. J. Climatol., 33, 904-919.
    • (2013) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.33 , pp. 904-919
    • Blázquez, J.1    Nuntild2    ez, M.N.3
  • 4
    • 70350574248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IPCC global coupled climate model simulations of the South America monsoon system
    • Bombardi, R. J., and L. M. V. Carvalho, 2009: IPCC global coupled climate model simulations of the South America monsoon system. Climate Dyn., 33, 893-916.
    • (2009) Climate Dyn. , vol.33 , pp. 893-916
    • Bombardi, R.J.1    Carvalho, L.M.V.2
  • 5
    • 44349178016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orographic barriers, high-resolutionTRMMrainfall, and relief variations along the eastern Andes
    • doi:101029/ 2007GL032011.
    • Bookhagen, B., and M. R. Strecker, 2008: Orographic barriers, high-resolutionTRMMrainfall, and relief variations along the eastern Andes. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L06403, doi:10.1029/ 2007GL032011.
    • (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.35
    • Bookhagen, B.1    Strecker, M.R.2
  • 6
    • 77955529381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a complete Himalayan hydrologic budget: The spatiotemporal distribution of snowmelt and rainfall and their impact on river discharge
    • doi:101029/2009JF001426.
    • Bookhagen, B., and M. R. Strecker, and D. W. Burbank, 2010: Towards a complete Himalayan hydrologic budget: The spatiotemporal distribution of snowmelt and rainfall and their impact on river discharge. J. Geophys. Res., 115, F03019, doi:10.1029/2009JF001426.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Bookhagen, B.1    Strecker, M.R.2    Burbank, D.W.3
  • 7
    • 0036748250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extreme precipitation events in southeastern South America and largescale convective patterns in the South Atlantic convergence zone
    • Carvalho, L. M. V., C. Jones, and B. Liebmann, 2002a: Extreme precipitation events in southeastern South America and largescale convective patterns in the South Atlantic convergence zone. J. Climate, 15, 2377-2394.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 2377-2394
    • Carvalho, L.M.V.1    Jones, C.2    Liebmann, B.3
  • 8
    • 36448973156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraseasonal largescale circulations and mesoscale convective activity in tropical South America during the TRMM-LBA campaign
    • doi:101029/2001JD000745.
    • Carvalho, L. M. V., C. Jones, and B. Liebmann, and M. A. F. Silva Dias, 2002b: Intraseasonal largescale circulations and mesoscale convective activity in tropical South America during the TRMM-LBA campaign. J. Geophys. Res., 107 (D20), doi:10.1029/2001JD000745.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , Issue.D20
    • Carvalho, L.M.V.1    Jones, C.2    Liebmann, B.3    Silva Dias, M.A.F.4
  • 9
    • 1442291180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The South Atlantic convergence zone: Intensity, form, persistence, and relationships with intraseasonal to interannual activity and extreme rainfall
    • Carvalho, L. M. V., C. Jones, and B. Liebmann, and B. Liebmann, 2004: The South Atlantic convergence zone: Intensity, form, persistence, and relationships with intraseasonal to interannual activity and extreme rainfall. J. Climate, 17, 88-108.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 88-108
    • Carvalho, L.M.V.1    Jones, C.2    Liebmann, B.3    Liebmann, B.4
  • 10
    • 79958694566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The South American monsoon system and the 1970s climate transition
    • doi:101002/ joc.2147.
    • Carvalho, L. M. V., C. Jones, and B. Liebmann, A. E. Silva, B. Liebmann, and P. L. S. Dias, 2011a: The South American monsoon system and the 1970s climate transition. Int. J. Climatol., 31, 1248-1256, doi:10.1002/ joc.2147.
    • (2011) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.31 , pp. 1248-1256
    • Carvalho, L.M.V.1    Jones, C.2    Liebmann, B.3    Silva, A.E.4    Liebmann, B.5    Dias, P.L.S.6
  • 11
    • 79954605815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moisture transport and intraseasonal variability in the South America monsoon system
    • doi:101007/s00382-010-0806-2.
    • Carvalho, L. M. V., C. Jones, and B. Liebmann, A. E. Silva, C. Jones, B. Liebmann, and H. Rocha, 2011b: Moisture transport and intraseasonal variability in the South America monsoon system. Climate Dyn., 36, 1865-1880, doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0806-2.
    • (2011) Climate Dyn. , vol.36 , pp. 1865-1880
    • Carvalho, L.M.V.1    Jones, C.2    Liebmann, B.3    Silva, A.E.4    Jones, C.5    Liebmann, B.6    Rocha, H.7
  • 12
    • 42549125053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing objective techniques for gauge-based analyses of global daily precipitation
    • doi:101029/2007JD009132.
    • Chen, M. Y., W. Shi, P. P. Xie, V. B. S. Silva, V. E. Kousky, R. W. Higgins, and J. E. Janowiak, 2008: Assessing objective techniques for gauge-based analyses of global daily precipitation. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D04110, doi:10.1029/2007JD009132.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Chen, M.Y.1    Shi, W.2    Xie, P.P.3    Silva, V.B.S.4    Kousky, V.E.5    Higgins, R.W.6    Janowiak, J.E.7
  • 13
    • 0038606454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of deforestation on cloud cover over the Amazon arc of deforestation
    • Durieux, L., L. A. T. Machado, and H. Laurent, 2003: The impact of deforestation on cloud cover over the Amazon arc of deforestation. Remote Sens. Environ., 86, 132-140.
    • (2003) Remote Sens. Environ. , vol.86 , pp. 132-140
    • Durieux, L.1    Machado, L.A.T.2    Laurent, H.3
  • 14
    • 84869499319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation
    • and Coauthors, Eds., Cambridge University Press
    • Field, C. B., and Coauthors, Eds., 2012: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. Cambridge University Press, 582 pp.
    • (2012) , pp. 582
    • Field, C.B.1
  • 16
    • 0032571189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of tropical heat sources on the South American tropospheric upper circulation and subsidence
    • Gandu, A. W., and P. L. Silva Dias, 1998: Impact of tropical heat sources on the South American tropospheric upper circulation and subsidence. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 6001-6015.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 6001-6015
    • Gandu, A.W.1    Silva Dias, P.L.2
  • 17
    • 0141564642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The El Ni~no impact on the summer monsoon in Brazil: Regional processes versus remote influences
    • Grimm, A. M., 2003: The El Ni~no impact on the summer monsoon in Brazil: Regional processes versus remote influences. J. Climate, 16, 263-280.
    • (2003) J. Climate , vol.16 , pp. 263-280
    • Grimm, A.M.1
  • 18
    • 2142705300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do La Niña events disturb the summer monsoon system in Brazil
    • Grimm, A. M., 2004: How do La Niña events disturb the summer monsoon system in Brazil? Climate Dyn., 22, 123-138.
    • (2004) Climate Dyn , vol.22 , pp. 123-138
    • Grimm, A.M.1
  • 19
    • 79952988600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interannual climate variability in South America: Impacts on seasonal precipitation, extreme events, and possible effects of climate change
    • Grimm, A. M., 2011: Interannual climate variability in South America: Impacts on seasonal precipitation, extreme events, and possible effects of climate change. Stochastic Environ. Res. Risk Assess., 25, 537-554.
    • (2011) Stochastic Environ. Res. Risk Assess. , vol.25 , pp. 537-554
    • Grimm, A.M.1
  • 20
    • 65449156556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interannual variability and seasonal evolution of summer monsoon rainfall in South America
    • Grimm, A. M., and M. T. Zilli, 2009: Interannual variability and seasonal evolution of summer monsoon rainfall in South America. J. Climate, 22, 2257-2275.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 2257-2275
    • Grimm, A.M.1    Zilli, M.T.2
  • 22
    • 0022848063 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal-variation of outgoing longwave radiation in the tropics
    • Hartmann, D. L., and E. E. Recker, 1986: Diurnal-variation of outgoing longwave radiation in the tropics. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 25, 800-812.
    • (1986) J. Climate Appl. Meteor. , vol.25 , pp. 800-812
    • Hartmann, D.L.1    Recker, E.E.2
  • 23
    • 0042264927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved United States precipitation quality control system and analysis
    • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
    • Higgins, R. W., W. Shi, E. Yarosh, and R. Joyce, 2000: Improved United States precipitation quality control system and analysis. NCEP/Climate Prediction Center ATLAS 7, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 40 pp.
    • (2000) NCEP/Climate Prediction Center ATLAS 7 , pp. 40
    • Higgins, R.W.1    Shi, W.2    Yarosh, E.3    Joyce, R.4
  • 24
    • 77958102443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intercomparison of daily precipitation statistics over the United States in observations and in NCEP reanalysis products
    • Higgins, R. W., W. Shi, E. Yarosh, and R. Joyce, V. E. Kousky, V. B. S. Silva, E. Becker, and P. Xie, 2010: Intercomparison of daily precipitation statistics over the United States in observations and in NCEP reanalysis products. J. Climate, 23, 4637-4650.
    • (2010) J. Climate , vol.23 , pp. 4637-4650
    • Higgins, R.W.1    Shi, W.2    Yarosh, E.3    Joyce, R.4    Kousky, V.E.5    Silva, V.B.S.6    Becker, E.7    Xie, P.8
  • 25
    • 0000366536 scopus 로고
    • An investigation of the annual cycle of convective activity over the tropical Americas
    • Horel, J. D., A. N. Hahmann, and J. E. Geisler, 1989: An investigation of the annual cycle of convective activity over the tropical Americas. J. Climate, 2, 1388-1403.
    • (1989) J. Climate , vol.2 , pp. 1388-1403
    • Horel, J.D.1    Hahmann, A.N.2    Geisler, J.E.3
  • 26
    • 33947356755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA): Quasi-global, multiyear, combined-sensor precipitation estimates at fine scales
    • and Coauthors
    • Huffman, G. J., and Coauthors, 2007: The TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA): Quasi-global, multiyear, combined-sensor precipitation estimates at fine scales. J. Hydrometeor., 8, 38-55.
    • (2007) J. Hydrometeor. , vol.8 , pp. 38-55
    • Huffman, G.J.1
  • 27
    • 0037091173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active and break phases in the South American monsoon system
    • Jones, C., and L. M. V. Carvalho, 2002: Active and break phases in the South American monsoon system. J. Climate, 15, 905-914.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 905-914
    • Jones, C.1    Carvalho, L.M.V.2
  • 28
    • 84858606779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forecast skill of the South American monsoon system
    • Jones, C., and L. M. V. Carvalho, and B. Liebmann, 2012: Forecast skill of the South American monsoon system. J. Climate, 25, 1883-1889.
    • (2012) J. Climate , vol.25 , pp. 1883-1889
    • Jones, C.1    Carvalho, L.M.V.2    Liebmann, B.3
  • 29
    • 79953018118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change projections over South America in the late 21st century with the 20 and 60km mesh Meteorological Research Institute atmospheric general circulation model (MRI-AGCM)
    • doi:101029/2010JD014920.
    • Kitoh, A., S. Kusunoki, and T. Nakaegawa, 2011: Climate change projections over South America in the late 21st century with the 20 and 60km mesh Meteorological Research Institute atmospheric general circulation model (MRI-AGCM). J. Geophys. Res., 116, D06105, doi:10.1029/2010JD014920.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Kitoh, A.1    Kusunoki, S.2    Nakaegawa, T.3
  • 30
    • 0000224944 scopus 로고
    • Large-scale common features of subtropical precipitation zones (the baiu frontal zone, the SPCZ, and the SACZ).I. Characteristics of subtropical frontal zones
    • Kodama, Y. M., 1992: Large-scale common features of subtropical precipitation zones (the baiu frontal zone, the SPCZ, and the SACZ). I. Characteristics of subtropical frontal zones. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 70, 813-836.
    • (1992) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan , vol.70 , pp. 813-836
    • Kodama, Y.M.1
  • 31
    • 78449257349 scopus 로고
    • Large-scale common features of subtropical convergence zones (the baiu frontal zone, the SPCZ, and the SACZ).II. Conditions of the circulations for generating the STCZS.
    • Kodama, Y. M., 1993: Large-scale common features of subtropical convergence zones (the baiu frontal zone, the SPCZ, and the SACZ). II. Conditions of the circulations for generating the STCZS. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 71, 581-610.
    • (1993) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan , vol.71 , pp. 581-610
    • Kodama, Y.M.1
  • 32
    • 0001399592 scopus 로고
    • Pentad outgoing longwave radiation climatology for the South American sector
    • Kousky, V. E., 1988: Pentad outgoing longwave radiation climatology for the South American sector. Rev. Bras. Meteor., 3, 217-231.
    • (1988) Rev. Bras. Meteor. , vol.3 , pp. 217-231
    • Kousky, V.E.1
  • 34
    • 0034465994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The status of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) after two years in orbit
    • and Coauthors
    • Kummerow, C., W. Barnes, T. Kozu, J. Shiue, and J. Simpson, and Coauthors, 2000: The status of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) after two years in orbit. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 1965-1982.
    • (2000) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.39 , pp. 1965-1982
    • Kummerow, C.1    Barnes, W.2    Kozu, T.3    Shiue, J.4    Simpson, J.5
  • 35
    • 0032722554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summertime precipitation variability over South America: Role of the large-scale circulation
    • Lenters, J. D., and K. H. Cook, 1999: Summertime precipitation variability over South America: Role of the large-scale circulation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 409-431.
    • (1999) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.127 , pp. 409-431
    • Lenters, J.D.1    Cook, K.H.2
  • 36
    • 0035891699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interannual variability of the rainy season and rainfall in the Brazilian Amazon basin
    • Liebmann, B., and J. Marengo, 2001: Interannual variability of the rainy season and rainfall in the Brazilian Amazon basin. J. Climate, 14, 4308-4318.
    • (2001) J. Climate , vol.14 , pp. 4308-4318
    • Liebmann, B.1    Marengo, J.2
  • 37
    • 0032760325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Submonthly convective variability over South America and the South Atlantic convergence zone
    • Liebmann, B., and J. Marengo, G. N. Kiladis, J. A. Marengo, T. Ambrizzi, and J. D. Glick, 1999: Submonthly convective variability over South America and the South Atlantic convergence zone. J. Climate, 12, 1877- 1891.
    • (1999) J. Climate , vol.12
    • Liebmann, B.1    Marengo, J.2    Kiladis, G.N.3    Marengo, J.A.4    Ambrizzi, T.5    Glick, J.D.6
  • 38
    • 0035863540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interannual variability of daily extreme precipitation events in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil
    • Liebmann, B., and J. Marengo, C. Jones, and L. M. V. Carvalho, 2001: Interannual variability of daily extreme precipitation events in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. J. Climate, 14, 208-218.
    • (2001) J. Climate , vol.14 , pp. 208-218
    • Liebmann, B.1    Marengo, J.2    Jones, C.3    Carvalho, L.M.V.4
  • 39
    • 3242674923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subseasonal variations of rainfall in South America in the vicinity of the low-level jet east of the Andes and comparison to those in the South Atlantic convergence zone
    • Liebmann, B., and J. Marengo, G. N. Kiladis, C. S. Vera, A. C. Saulo, and L. M. V. Carvalho, 2004a: Subseasonal variations of rainfall in South America in the vicinity of the low-level jet east of the Andes and comparison to those in the South Atlantic convergence zone. J. Climate, 17, 3829-3842.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 3829-3842
    • Liebmann, B.1    Marengo, J.2    Kiladis, G.N.3    Vera, C.S.4    Saulo, A.C.5    Carvalho, L.M.V.6
  • 40
    • 11044231545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An observed trend in central South American precipitation
    • and Coauthors
    • Liebmann, B., and J. Marengo, and Coauthors, 2004b: An observed trend in central South American precipitation. J. Climate, 17, 4357-4367.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 4357-4367
    • Liebmann, B.1    Marengo, J.2
  • 41
    • 34250632695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Onset and end of the rainy season in South America in observations and the ECHAM 4.5 atmospheric general circulation model.
    • and coauthers
    • Liebmann, B., and J. Marengo, and Coauthors, 2007: Onset and end of the rainy season in South America in observations and the ECHAM 4.5 atmospheric general circulation model. J. Climate, 20, 2037- 2050.
    • (2007) J. Climate , vol.20
    • Liebmann, B.1    Marengo, J.2
  • 42
    • 3042696647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interdecadal variability and trends of rainfall across the Amazon basin
    • Marengo, J. A., 2004: Interdecadal variability and trends of rainfall across the Amazon basin. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 78, 79-96.
    • (2004) Theor. Appl. Climatol. , vol.78 , pp. 79-96
    • Marengo, J.A.1
  • 43
    • 70549108183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term trends and cycles in the hydrometeorology of the Amazon basin since the late 1920s
    • Marengo, J. A., 2009: Long-term trends and cycles in the hydrometeorology of the Amazon basin since the late 1920s. Hydrol. Processes, 23, 3236-3244.
    • (2009) Hydrol. Processes , vol.23 , pp. 3236-3244
    • Marengo, J.A.1
  • 45
    • 36448935718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The South American low-level jet east of the Andes during the 1999 LBA-TRMM and LBA-WET AMC campaign
    • doi:101029/2001JD001188.
    • Marengo, J. A.,M.W. Douglas, and P. L. S. Dias, 2002: The South American low-level jet east of the Andes during the 1999 LBA-TRMM and LBA-WET AMC campaign. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8079, doi:10.1029/2001JD001188.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , pp. 8079
    • Marengo, J.A.1    Douglas, M.W.2    Dias, P.L.S.3
  • 46
    • 71449109811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future change of temperature and precipitation extremes in South America as derived from the PRECIS regional climate modeling system
    • Marengo, J. A., R. Jones, L. M. Alves, and M. C. Valverde, 2009: Future change of temperature and precipitation extremes in South America as derived from the PRECIS regional climate modeling system. Int. J. Climatol., 29, 2241-2255.
    • (2009) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.29 , pp. 2241-2255
    • Marengo, J.A.1    Jones, R.2    Alves, L.M.3    Valverde, M.C.4
  • 47
    • 79959745894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The drought of 2010 in the context of historical droughts in the Amazon region
    • doi:101029/2011GL047436.
    • Marengo, J. A., J. Tomasella, L. M. Alves, W. R. Soares, and D. A. Rodriguez, 2011: The drought of 2010 in the context of historical droughts in the Amazon region. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L12703, doi:10.1029/2011GL047436.
    • (2011) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.38
    • Marengo, J.A.1    Tomasella, J.2    Alves, L.M.3    Soares, W.R.4    Rodriguez, D.A.5
  • 48
    • 84855316913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent developments on the South American monsoon system
    • and Coauthors
    • Marengo, J. A., and Coauthors, 2012: Recent developments on the South American monsoon system. Int. J. Climatol., 32, 1-21.
    • (2012) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.32 , pp. 1-21
    • Marengo, J.A.1
  • 50
    • 76749096338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment
    • and Coauthors
    • Moss, R. H., and Coauthors, 2010: The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment. Nature, 463, 747-756.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.463 , pp. 747-756
    • Moss, R.H.1
  • 51
    • 0033792121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interannual and interdecadal variability of the South Atlantic convergence zone
    • Robertson, A. W., 2000: Interannual and interdecadal variability of the South Atlantic convergence zone. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 2947-2957.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.128 , pp. 2947-2957
    • Robertson, A.W.1
  • 52
    • 0032194607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interannual and decadal cycles in river flows of southeastern South America
    • and Coauthors
    • Moss, R. H., and Coauthors, and C. R. Mechoso, 1998: Interannual and decadal cycles in river flows of southeastern South America. J. Climate, 11, 2570-2581.
    • (1998) J. Climate , vol.11 , pp. 2570-2581
    • Moss, R.H.1    Mechoso, C.R.2
  • 53
    • 0033792121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interannual and interdecadal variability of the South Atlantic convergence zone
    • and Coauthors
    • Moss, R. H., and Coauthors, 2000: Interannual and interdecadal variability of the South Atlantic convergence zone. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 2947-2957.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.128 , pp. 2947-2957
    • Moss, R.H.1
  • 54
    • 77956572998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NCEP Climate Forecast System reanalysis
    • and Coauthors
    • Saha, S., and Coauthors, 2010: The NCEP Climate Forecast System reanalysis. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 91, 1015-1057.
    • (2010) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.91 , pp. 1015-1057
    • Saha, S.1
  • 55
    • 77149152776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CMIP3 projected changes in the annual cycle of the South American monsoon
    • Seth, A., M. Rojas, and S. A. Rauscher, 2010: CMIP3 projected changes in the annual cycle of the South American monsoon. Climatic Change, 98, 331-357.
    • (2010) Climatic Change , vol.98 , pp. 331-357
    • Seth, A.1    Rojas, M.2    Rauscher, S.A.3
  • 57
    • 34548332517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-Scale Index for South America Monsoon (LISAM)
    • Silva, A. E., and L. M. V. Carvalho, 2007: Large-Scale Index for South America Monsoon (LISAM). Atmos. Sci. Lett., 8, 51-57.
    • (2007) Atmos. Sci. Lett. , vol.8 , pp. 51-57
    • Silva, A.E.1    Carvalho, L.M.V.2
  • 58
    • 34848823131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved gridded historical daily precipitation analysis for Brazil
    • Silva, V. B. S., V. E. Kousky, W. Shi, and R. W. Higgins, 2007: An improved gridded historical daily precipitation analysis for Brazil. J. Hydrometeor., 8, 847-861.
    • (2007) J. Hydrometeor. , vol.8 , pp. 847-861
    • Silva, V.B.S.1    Kousky, V.E.2    Shi, W.3    Higgins, R.W.4
  • 59
    • 79955047316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily precipitation statistics for South America: An intercomparison between NCEP reanalyses and observations
    • Silva, V. B. S., V. E. Kousky, W. Shi, and R. W. Higgins, and R. W. Higgins, 2011: Daily precipitation statistics for South America: An intercomparison between NCEP reanalyses and observations. J. Hydrometeor., 12, 101-117.
    • (2011) J. Hydrometeor. , vol.12 , pp. 101-117
    • Silva, V.B.S.1    Kousky, V.E.2    Shi, W.3    Higgins, R.W.4    Higgins, R.W.5
  • 60
    • 0020968326 scopus 로고
    • Largescale response of the tropical atmosphere to transient convection
    • Silva Dias, P. L., W. H. Schubert, and M. DeMaria, 1983: Largescale response of the tropical atmosphere to transient convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 2689-2707.
    • (1983) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.40 , pp. 2689-2707
    • Silva Dias, P.L.1    Schubert, W.H.2    Demaria, M.3
  • 63
    • 33845683722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change scenarios for seasonal precipitation in South America from IPCC-AR4 models
    • doi:101029/2006GL025759.
    • Vera, C., G. Silvestri, B. Liebmann, and P. Gonzalez, 2006a: Climate change scenarios for seasonal precipitation in South America from IPCC-AR4 models. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L13707, doi:10.1029/2006GL025759.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33
    • Vera, C.1    Silvestri, G.2    Liebmann, B.3    Gonzalez, P.4
  • 64
    • 33646800145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a unified view of the American monsoon systems
    • and Coauthors
    • Vera, C., G. Silvestri, B. Liebmann, and P. Gonzalez, and Coauthors, 2006b: Toward a unified view of the American monsoon systems. J. Climate, 19, 4977-5000.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 4977-5000
    • Vera, C.1    Silvestri, G.2    Liebmann, B.3    Gonzalez, P.4
  • 65
    • 0003632941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences
    • 2nd ed. Academic Press.
    • Wilks, D. S., 2006: Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences. 2nd ed. Academic Press, 648 pp.
    • (2006) , pp. 648
    • Wilks, D.S.1
  • 66
    • 0001192795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does a monsoon climate exist over South America
    • Zhou, J. Y., and K. M. Lau, 1998: Does a monsoon climate exist over South America? J. Climate, 11, 1020-1040.
    • (1998) J. Climate , vol.11 , pp. 1020-1040
    • Zhou, J.Y.1    Lau, K.M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.