The NOPP operational wave model improvement project

Ocean Modelling

Volumn 70, Issue , 2013, Pages 2-10

  Tolman, Hendrik L ^a   Banner, Michael L ^b   Kaihatu, James M ^c  

^a NOAA/NCEP/EMC   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^c TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP); Numerical modeling; Wind waves

Indexed keywords

NEW PHYSICS; NEW SCIENCE; OPERATIONAL MODEL; PARTNERSHIP PROGRAMS; REGIONAL SCALE; WAVE MODELING; WIND WAVE; WIND-WAVE MODELS;

MATHEMATICAL MODELS; NUMERICAL MODELS; OCEANOGRAPHY;

WAVES;

DATA SET; NUMERICAL MODEL; OCEAN WAVE; OCEANOGRAPHY; PARAMETERIZATION; WAVE MODELING; WIND WAVE;

EID: 84882916592     PISSN: 14635003     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2012.11.011     Document Type: Article

References (119)

1. Alves, J.-H.G.M., Chao, Y.Y., Tolman, H.L., 2005. The Operational North Atlantic Hurricane Wind-wave Forecasting System at NOAA/NCEP. Tech. Note 244, NOAA/NWS/NCEP/MMAB, 59 pp.
2. Ardhuin F., Herbers T.H.C., Watts K.P., Van Vledder G.P., Jensen R., Graber H. Swell and slanting fetch effects on wind wave growth. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2007, 37:908-931.
3. Ardhuin F., Chapron B., Collard F. Ocean swell evolution from distant storms. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2009, 36:L06607.
4. Ardhuin F., Marié L., Rascle N., Forget P., Roland A. Observation and estimation of Lagrangian, Stokes and Eulerian currents induced by wind and waves at the sea surface. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2009, 39(11):2820-2838.
5. Ardhuin F., Rogers W.E., Babanin A.V., Filipot J., Magne R., Roland A., van der Westhuysen A., Queffeulou P., Lefevre J., Aouf L., Collard F. Semiempirical dissipation source functions for ocean waves. Part I: Definition, calibration, and validation. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2010, 40:1917-1941.
6. Augustin L.N., Irish J.L., Lynett P. Laboratory and numerical studies of wave damping by emergent and near-emergent wetland vegetation. Coastal Eng. 2009, 56:332-340.
7. Babanin A.V. Breaking and Dissipation of Ocean Surface Waves 2011, Cambridge University Press, 480 pp.
8. Babanin A.V., Young I.R., Banner M.L. Breaking probabilities for dominant surface waves on water of finite constant depth. J. Geophys. Res. 2001, 106:11659-11676.
9. Babanin A.V., Banner M.L., Young I.R., Donelan M.A. Wave follower measurements of the wind input spectral function. Part 3. Parameterization of the wind input enhancement due to wave breaking. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2007, 37:2764-2775.
10. Badulin S.I., Pushkarev A.N., Resio D., Zakharov V.E. Self-similarity of wind-driven seas. Nonlinear Proc. Geoph. 2005, 12:891-946.
11. Badulin, S.I., Babanin, A.V., Resio, D., Zakharov, V. (2007). Weakly turbulent laws of wind-wave growth. J. Fluid Mech. 591.
12. Banner M.L., Morison R.P. Refined source terms in wind wave models with explicit wave breaking prediction. Part I: Model framework and validation against field data. Ocean Modell. 2010, 33:177-189.
13. Banner M.L., Babanin A.V., Young I.R. Breaking probability for dominant waves on the sea surface. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2000, 30:3145-3.160.
14. Banner M.L., Gemmrich J.R., Farmer D.M. Multiscale measurement of ocean wave breaking probability. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2002, 32:3364-3374.
15. Benetazzo A., Fedele F., Gallego G., Shih P.C., Yezzi A. Offshore stereo measurements of gravity waves. Coastal Eng. 2012, 64:127-138.
16. Bidlot J.-R., Holmes D.J., Wittmann P.A., Lalbeharry R., Chen H.S. Intercomparison of the performance of operational ocean wave forecasting systems with buoy data. Weather Forecast. 2002, 17:287-309.
17. Boer G.J., Lambert S.J. Second-order space-time climate difference statistics. Clim. Dyn. 2001, 17:213-218.
18. Booij N., Ris R.C., Holthuijsen L.H. A third-generation wave model for coastal regions, Part I, Model description and validation. J. Geophys. Res. 1999, 104:7649-7666.
19. Booij, N., Holthuijsen, L.H., Benit, M.P., 2009. A distributed collinear triad approximation in SWAN. In: Mizuguchi, M., Sato, S. (Eds.), Coastal Dynamic 09, ASCE, pp. 1-10.
20. Bretherthon F.P., Garrett C.J.R. Wave trains in inhomogeneous moving media. Proc. Roy. Soc. London A 1968, 302:529-554.
21. Chao Y.Y., Tolman H.L. Performance of NCEP regional wave models in predicting peak sea states duting the 2005 North Atlantic hurricane season. Weather Forecast. 2010, 25:1543-1567.
22. Chao Y.Y., Alves J.H.G.M., Tolman H.L. An operational system for predicting hurricane-generated wind waves in the North Atlantic Ocean. Weather Forecast. 2005, 20:652-671.
23. Chawla, A., Tolman, H.L., Hanson, J.L., Devaliere, E.-M., Gerald, V.M., 2009. Validation of a multi-grid WAVEWATCH III ™modeling system. In: 11th International Workshop on Wave Hindcasting and Forecasting & Coastal Hazards Symposium, JCOMM. Tech. Rep. 52, WMO/TD-No. 1533, Paper K2.
24. Chawla, A., Spindler, D., Tolman, H.L., 2011. A thirty year wave hindcast using the latest NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis winds. In: 12th international workshop on wave hindcasting and forecasting & 3rd coastal hazards symposium, paper I1, 11 pp.
25. Chawla, A., Spindler, D.M., Tolman, H.L., 2013. Validation of a thirty year wave hindcast using the climate forecast system reanalysis winds. Ocean Modell. 70, 189-206.
26. Collins-Sussmann, B., Fitzpatrick, B.W., Pilato, C.M., 2004. Version control with subversion, O'Reilly, 320 pp.
27. Devaliere, E.M., Hanson, J.L., Luettich, R., 2009. Spatial tracking of numerical wave model output using a spiral tracking search algorithm. In: Proc. 2009 WRI World Congress on Computer Science and Information Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, Vol. 2, pp. 404-408.
28. Donelan M.A., Babanin A.V., Young I.R., Banner M.L. Wave follower measurements of the wind input spectral function. Part 2. Parameterization of the wind input. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2006, 36:1672-1688.
29. Durrant T.H., Woodcock F., Greenslade D.J.M. Consensus forecast of modeled wave parameters. Weather Forecast. 2009, 24:492-503.
30. Elgar S., Raubenheimer B. Wave dissipation by muddy seafloors. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2008, 35:L07611. 10.1029/2008GL033245.
31. Gallego, G., Yezzi, A., Fedele, F., Benetazzo, A., 2011. A variational stereo method for the three-dimensional reconstruction of ocean waves. IEEE Trans. doi:10.1109/TGRS.2011.2150230.
32. Gelci R., Cazalé H., Vassal J. Ulitization des diagrammes de propagation à la prévision énergétique de la houle. Bulletin d'information du commité central d'océanographie et d'études des cÔtes 1956, 8:169-197.
33. Gelci R., Cazalé H., Vassal J. Prévision de la haule. La méthode des densités spectroangulaires. Bulletin d'information du commité central d'océanographie et d'études des cÔtes 1957, 9:416-435.
34. Gemmrich J.R., Farmer D.M. Near-surface turbulence in the presence of breaking waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2004, 34:1067-1086.
35. Gerling T.W. Partitioning sequences and arrays of directional ocean wave spectra into component wave systems. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 1992, 9:444-458.
36. Glazman R.E. Surface gravity waves at equilibrium with a steady wind. J. Geophys. Res. 1994, 99:5249-5262.
37. Hanson J.L., Phillips O.M. Automated analysis of ocean surface directional wave spectra. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 2001, 18:177-293.
38. Hanson J.L., Tracy B.A., Tolman H.L., Scott R.D. Pacific hindcast performance of three numerical wave models. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 2009, 26:1614-1633.
39. Hasselmann K. Grundgleichungen der Seegangsvoraussage. Schiffstechnik 1960, 7:191-195.
40. Hasselmann, K., Barnett, T.P., Bouws, E., Carlson, H., Cartwright, D.E., Enke, K., Ewing, J.A., Gienapp, H., Hasselmann, D.E., Kruseman, P., Meerburg, A., Müller, P., Olbers, D.J., Richter, K., Sell, W., Walden, H., 1973. Measurements of wind-wave growth and swell decay during the Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP). Ergänzungsheft zur Deutschen Hydrographischen Zeitschrift, Reihe A(8) 12, 95 pp.
41. Hasselmann S., Hasselmann K., Allender J.H., Barnett T.P. Computations and parameterizations of the nonlinear energy transfer in a gravity-wave spectrum, Part II: Parameterizations of the nonlinear energy transfer for application in wave models. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1985, 15:1378-1391.
42. Holthuijsen L.H., Herbers T.H.C. Statistics of breaking waves observed as whitecaps in the open sea. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1986, 16:290-297.
43. Irish J.L., Augustin L.N., Balsmeier G.E., Kaihatu J.M. Wave dynamics in coastal wetlands: a state-of-the-art review with emphasis on wetland functionality and storm damage reduction. Shore Beach 2008, 76:52-56.
44. Janssen P.A.E.M. Wind-induced stress and the drag of air-flow over sea waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1989, 19:745-754.
45. Janssen P.A.E.M. Quasi-linear theory of wind wave generation applied to wave forecasting. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1991, 21:1631-1642.
46. Janssen P.A.E.M., Onorato M. The intermediate depth limit of the Zakharov equations and consequences for wave prediction. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2007, 37:2389-2400.
47. Janssen T.T., Herbers T.H.C., Battjes J.A. Generalized evolution equations for nonlinear surface gravity waves over two-dimensional topography. J. Fluid Mech. 2006, 552:393-418.
48. Jiang F., Mehta A. Mudbanks of the southwest coast of India V: wave attenuation. J. Coastal Res. 1996, 12:890-897.
49. Jolliff J.K., Kindle J.C., Shulman I., Penta B., Friedrichs M.A.M., Helber R., Arnone R.A. Summary diagrams for coupled hydrodynamic-ecosystem model skill assessment. J. Mar. Syst. 2009, 76:64-82.
50. Kaihatu J., Tahvildari N. The combined effect of wave-current interaction and mud-induced damping on nonlinear wave evolution. Ocean Modell. 2012, 41:22-34.
51. Kaihatu J.M., Sheremet A., Holland K.T. A model for propagation of nonlinear surface waves over viscous muds. Coastal Eng. 2007, 54:752-764.
52. Komen G.J., Hasselmann S., Hasselmann K. On the existence of a fully developed wind-sea spectrum. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1984, 14:1271-1285.
53. Komen G.J., Cavaleri L., Donelan M., Hasselmann K., Hasselmann S., Janssen P.A.E.M. Dynamics and Modelling of Ocean Waves 1994, Cambridge University Press, 532 pp.
54. Krishnamurti T.N., Pattnaik S., Biswas M.K., Bensman E., Kramer M., Surgi N., Kumar T.S.V.V. Hurricane forecasts with a mesoscale suite of models. Tellus 2010, 62:633-646.
55. Kumar T.S.V.V., Krishnamurti T.N., Fiorino M., Nagata M. Multimodel superensemble forecasting of tropical cyclones in the Pacific. Mon. Weather Rev. 2003, 131:574-583.
56. Lowe R.J., Falter J.L., Bandet M.D., Pawlak G., Atkinson M.J., Monismith S.G., Koseff J.R. Spectral wave dissipation over a barrier reef. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110. 10.1029/2004JC002711.
57. Massey, T.C., Anderson, M.E., Jones, R., Gomez, J., McKee Smith, J., 2011. STWAVE: Steady-State Spectral Wave Model User's Manual for STWAVE, Version 6.0. Tech. Rep. SR-11-1, ERDC/CHL.
58. Moon I.J., Ginnis I., Hara T., Tolman H.L., Wright C.W., Walsh E.J. Numerical modeling of sea surface directional wave spectra under hurricane wind forcing. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2003, 33:1680-1706.
59. Ocampo-Torres, F.J., García-Nava, H., Durazo, R., Osuna, P., Díaz Ménendez, G.M., Graber, H.C., 2010. The INTOA experiment: a study of ocean-atmosphere interactions under moderate to strong offshore winds and opposing swell conditions in the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico, Bound. Layer Meteorol. doi:10.1007/s10546-010-9561-5.
60. Pedersen, T., Siegel, E.,Wood, J., 2007. Directional wave measurements from a subsurface buoy with an acoustic wave and current profiler (AWAC). In: Maltz, F. (Ed.), Ocean 2007, IEEE, pp. 1-10.
61. Peirson W.L., Garcia A.W. On the wind-induced growth of slow water waves of finite steepness. J. Fluid Mech. 2008, 608:243-274.
62. Perrie W., Resio D.T. A two-scale approximation for efficient representation of nonlinear energy transfer in a wind wave spectrum. Part II: Application to observed wave spectra. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2009, 39:2451-2476.
63. Powell M.D., Houston S.H., Amat L.R., Morisseau-Leroy N. The HRD real-time hurricane wind analysis system. J. Wind Engr. Ind. Aerodyn. 1998, 77-78:53-64.
64. ProSensing, 2008. Operational Wide Swatch Radar Altimeter Final Report. SIBR Report, US DOC/NOAA, 21 pp.
65. Queffeulou P. Long term validation of wave height measurement from altimeters. Mar. Geod. 2004, 27:495-510.
66. Resio D.T., Perrie W. A numerical study of nonlinear energy fluxes due to wave-wave interactions. Part 1: Methodology and basic results. J. Fluid Mech. 1991, 223:603-629.
67. Resio D.T., Perrie W. A two-scale approximation for efficient representation of nonlinear energy transfer in a wind wave spectrum. Part I: Theoretical development. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2008, 38:2801-2816.
68. Resio D.T., Long C.E., Perrie W. The role of nonlinear momentum fluxes on the evolution of directional wind-wave spectra. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2011, 41:781-801.
69. Rice S.O. Mathematical analysis of random noise. Bell Syst. Technol. J. 1944, 23:282-332.
70. Ris R.C., Holthuijsen L.H., Booij N. A third-generation wave model for coastal regions, Part II: Verification. J. Geophys. Res. 1999, 104:7667-7681.
71. Rogers W.E., Holland K. A study of dissipation of wind-waves by viscous mud at Cassino Beach, Brazil: prediction and inversion. Cont. Shelf Res. 2009, 29:676-690.
72. Romero L., Melville W.K. Airborne observations of fetch-limited waves in the Gulf of Tehuantepec. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2010, 40:441-465.
73. Safak I., Sheremet A., Allison M., Hsu T. Bottom turbulence on the muddy Atchafalaya Shelf, Louisiana, USA. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115:C12019. 10.1029/2010JC006157.
74. Saha S., Moorthi S., Pan H., Wu X., Wang J., Nadiga S., Tripp P., Kistler R., Woollen J., Behringer D., Liu H., Stokes D., Grumbine R., Gayno G., Wang J., Hou Y., Chuang H., Juang H., Sela J., Iredell M., Treadon R., Kleist D., Delst P.V., Keyser D., Derber J., Ek M., Meng J., Wei H., Yang R., Lord S., van den Dool H., Kumar A., Wang W., Long C., Chelliah M., Xue Y., Huang B., Schemm J., Ebisuzaki W., Lin R., Xie P., Chen M., Zhou S., Higgins W., Zou C., Liu Q., Chen Y., Han Y., Cucurull L., Reynolds R., Rutledge G., Goldberg M. The NCEP climate forecast system reanalysis. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2010, 91:1015-1057.
75. Sahin, C., Safak, I., Hsu, T.-J., Sheremet, A., submitted for publication. Observations of sediment stratification on the Muddy Atchafalaya Shelf, Louisiana, USA. J. Geophys. Res.
76. Salmon, J.E., Holthuijsen, L.H., submitted for publication. The scaling of wave breaking in shallow water. J. Geophys. Res.
77. Schwab D.J., Morton J.A. Estimation of overlake wind speed from overland wind speed: a comparison of three methods. J. Great Lakes Res. 1984, 10:68-72.
78. Shemdin, O., Hasselmann, K., Hsiao, S.V., Heterich, K., 1978. Nonlinear and linear bottom interaction effects in shallow water. In: Turbulent Fluxes through the Sea Surface, Wave Dynamics and Prediction, NATO Conf. Ser. V, vol. 1, pp. 347-365.
79. Sheremet A., Stone G.W. Observations of nearshore wave dissipation over muddy sea beds. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108:3357. 10.1029/2003JC001885.
80. Sheremet, A., Mehta, A.J., Kaihatu, J.M., 2005. Wave-sediment interaction on a muddy shelf (CD-ROM).
81. Sheremet A., Jaramillo S., Su S.-F., Allison M.A., Holland K.T. Wave-mud interaction over the muddy Atchafalaya subaqeous clinoform, Louisiana, United States: wave processes. J. Geophys. Res. 2011, 116:C06005. 10.1029/2010JC006644.
82. Snodgrass F.E., Groves G.W., Hasselmann K.F., Miller G.R., Munk W.H., Powers W.H. Propagation of swell across the Pacific. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A 1966, 259:431-497.
83. Snyder R.L., Dobson F.W., Elliott J.A., Long R.B. Array measurements of atmospheric pressure fluctuations above surface gravity waves. J. Fluid Mech. 1981, 102:1-59.
84. Spindler, D.M., Chawla, A., Tolman, H.L., 2011. An Initial Look at the CFSR Reanalysis Winds for Wave Modeling. Tech. Note 290, NOAA/NWS/NCEP/MMAB, 23 pp.
85. Sverdrup H.U., Munk W.H. Empirical and theoretical relations between wind, sea and swell. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 1946, 27:823-827.
86. Sverdrup, H.U., Munk, W.H., 1947. Wind, Sea and Swell: Theory and Relations for Forecasting, Tech. Rep. H.O. Pub. No. 601, United States Navy Department, Hydrographic Office.
87. SWAMP Group, Ocean Wave Modelling, Plenum Press, 1985, 256 pp.
88. Tahvildari, N., Kaihatu, J., 2011. Generation of oblique interfacial waves due to resonant interaction with surface gravity waves in shallow water. In: Proceedings of the MTS/IEEE Oceans '11 Conference.
89. Taylor K.E. Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single diagram. J. Geophys. Res. 2001, 106(D7):7183-7192.
90. Tolman H.L. Wind-waves and moveable-bed bottom-friction. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1994, 24:994-1009.
91. Tolman H.L. A mosaic approach to wind wave modeling. Ocean Modell. 2008, 25:35-47.
92. Tolman, H.L., 2010a. Optimum Discrete Interaction Approximations for wind waves. Part 4: Parameter optimization, Tech. Note 288, NOAA/NWS/NCEP/MMAB, 175 pp.
93. Tolman, H.L., 2010b. A genetic optimization package for the generalized multiple DIA in WAVEWATCH III®. Tech. Note 289, Ver. 1.0, NOAA/NWS/NCEP/MMAB, 21 pp.
94. Tolman H.L., Chalikov D.V. Source terms in a third-generation wind-wave model. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1996, 26:2497-2518.
95. Tolman, H.L., Grumbine, R.W., submitted for publication. Holistic genetic optimization of a generalized multiple discrete interaction approximation for wind waves. Ocean Modell. doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2012.12.008.
96. Tolman H.L., Balasubramaniyan B., Burroughs L.D., Chalikov D.V., Chao Y.Y., Chen H.S., Gerald V.M. Development and implementation of wind generated ocean surface wave models at NCEP. Weather Forecast. 2002, 17:311-333.
97. Tolman, H.L., 2002. Validation of WAVEWATCH III Version 1.15 for a Global Domain. Tech. Note 213, NOAA/NWS/NCEP/OMB, 33 pp.
98. Tolman, H.L., Banner, M.L., Kaihatu, J.M., 2011. The NOPP operational wave model improvement project. In: 12th International Workshop on Wave Hindcasting and Forecasting & 3rd Coastal Hazards Symposium, Paper I12, 19 pp.
99. Tolman, H.L., submitted for publication. A generalized multiple discrete interaction approximation for resonant four-wave nonlinear interactions in wind wave models with arbitrary depth. Ocean Modell.
100. Tracy, B., Resio, D.T., 1982. Theory and Calculation of the Nonlinear Energy Transfer Between Sea Waves in Deep Water. WES Report 11, US Army Corps of Engineers.
101. Van der Westhuysen, A.J., Hanson, J.L., Devaliere, E.M., in preparation. Spatial and temporal tracking of wave systems. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.
102. Violante-Carvalho N., Ocampo-Torres F.J., Robinson I.S. Buoy observations of the influence of swell on wind waves in the open ocean. Appl. Ocean Res. 2004, 26:49-60.
103. WAMDIG The WAM model - a third generation ocean wave prediction model. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1988, 18:1775-1810.
104. Webb D.J. Non-linear transfers between sea waves. Deep-Sea Res. 1978, 25:279-298.
105. Wingeart, K.M., O'Reilly, W.C., Herbers, T.H.C., Wittmann, P.A., Jenssen, R.E., Tolman, H.L., 2001. Validation of operational global wave prediction models with spectral buoy data. In: Edge, B.L., Hemsley, J.M. (Eds.), 4th International Symposium on Ocean Wave Measurement and Analysis, ASCE, pp. 590-599.
106. Winterwerp J.C., deGraff R.F., Groeneweg J., Luijendijk A.P. Modeling of wave damping at Guyana mud coast. Coastal Eng. 2007, 54:249-261.
107. WISE Group Wave modelling - the state of the art. Prog. Oceanogr. 2007, 75:603-674.
108. Young I.R. Directional spectra of hurricane wind-waves. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, 111:C08020. 10.1029/2006JC003540.
109. Young I.R., Babanin A.V. Spectral distribution of energy dissipation of wind-generated waves due to dominant wave breaking. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2006, 36:376-394.
110. Young I.R., Gorman R.M. Measurements of the evolution of ocean wave spectra due to bottom friction. J. Geophys. Res. 1995, 100:10987-11004.
111. Young I.R., Banner M.L., Donelan M.A., Babanin A., Melville W.K., Veron F., McCormick C. An integrated system for the study of wind wave source terms in finite depth water. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 2005, 22:814-828.
112. Young I.R., Zeigler S., Babanin A.V. GLobal trends in wind speeds and wave heights. Science 2011, 332:451-455.
113. Zakharov V.E. Theoretical interpretation of fetch limited wind-driven sea observations. Nonlinear Proc. Geoph. 2005, 12:1011-1020.
114. Zakharov V.E. Domination of nonlinear wave interaction in the energy balance of wind-driven sea. Low Temp. Phys. 2010, 36(8):772-784.
115. Zakharov V.E. Energy balance in a wind-driven sea. Phys. Scripta 2010, T142:014052.
116. Zakharov V.E., Badulin S.I. On energy balance in wind-driven seas. Doklady Earth Sci. 2011, 440(Part 2):1440-1444.
117. Zakharov V.E., Badulin S.I., Pushkarev A.N. Modern theory of wind waves. World Ocean 2012, Nauka. R.I. Nigmatullin, L.I. Lobkovsky (Eds.).
118. Zakharov, V.E., Resio, D., Pushkarev, A., 2012b. New wind input term through experimental, theoretical and numerical consideration. J. Phys. Oceanogr.
119. Zhu Y. Ensemble forecast: a new approach to uncertainty and predictability. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 2005, 22:781-788.