Air-sea gas transfer rate for the Southern Ocean inferred from 222Rn concentrations in maritime air and a global atmospheric transport model

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 118, Issue 14, 2013, Pages 7606-7616

  Taguchi, S ^a   Tasaka, S ^b   Matsubara, M ^b   Osada, K ^c   Yokoi, T ^a,d   Yamanouchi, T ^e  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AIST   (Japan)

^b GIFU UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^c NAGOYA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^d NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES   (Japan)

^e NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF POLAR RESEARCH   (Japan)

Author keywords

air sea gas exchange; Antarctic sea; atmospheric transport model; inverse method; radon 222; reanalysis data

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENTS; INVERSE PROBLEMS; MEAN SQUARE ERROR; MIXING; MODELS; RADON; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; WIND EFFECTS;

ANTARCTIC SEA; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT MODEL; GAS EXCHANGE; INVERSE METHODS; RADON-222; REANALYSIS;

OCEANOGRAPHY;

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; ATMOSPHERIC MODELING; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DATA SET; GAS TRANSPORT; RADON ISOTOPE; WIND VELOCITY;

ANTARCTICA; SOUTHERN OCEAN;

EID: 84882741338     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21698996     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50594     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Ao, C. O., D. E. Waliser, S. K. Chan, J.-L. Li, B. Tian, F. Xie, and, A. J. Mannucci, (2012), Planetary boundary layer heights from GPS radio occultation refractivity and humidity profiles, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D16117, doi: 10.1029/2012JD017598.
2. Bender, M. L., S. Kinter, N. Cassar, and, R. Wanninkhof, (2011), Evaluating gas transfer velocity parameterizations using upper ocean radon distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C02010, doi: 10.1029/2009JC005805.
3. Broecker, W. S., and, T.-H. Peng, (1971), The vertical distribution of radon in the Bomex area, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 11, 99-108, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(71)90149-X.
4. de Szoeke, S., C. W. Fairall, D. E. Wolfe, L. Bariteau, and, P. Zuidema, (2010), Surface flux observations on the southeastern tropical Pacific Ocean and attribution of SST errors in coupled ocean-atmosphere models, J. Clim., 23, 4152-4174, doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3411.1.
5. 2 gas transfer velocity during the 2008 Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment: Wind speed dependency, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C00F10, doi: 10.1029/2011JC007022.
6. Frew, N. M., D. M. Glover, E. J. Bock, and, S. J. McCue, (2007), A new approach to estimation of global air-sea gas transfer velocity fields using dual-frequency altimeter backscatter, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C11003, doi: 10.1029/2006JC003819.
7. Grant, I., D. B. A. Jones, W. Q. Wang, R. Fawcett, and, D. Barrat, (2008), Meteorological and remotely sensed datasets for hydrological modelling: A contribution to the Australian Water Availability Project. Paper Presented at the 2008 Catchment-Scale Hydrological Modelling and Data Assimilation (CAHMDA-3) International Workshop on Hydrological Prediction: Modelling, Observation and Data Assimilation, Melbourne, 9-11 Jan.
8. Griffiths, A. D., W. Zahorowski, A. Element, and, S. Werczynski, (2010), A map of radon flux at the Australian land surface, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8969-8982, doi: 10.5194/acp-10-8969-2010.
9. 5 hydrocarbon observations in the marine boundary layer between 45°and 77°S, Tellus B, 50, 430-448, doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1998.t01-4-00003.x.
10. Haran, T., J. Bohlander, T. Scambos, T. Painter, and, M. Fahnestock, (2005), MODIS mosaic of Antarctica (MOA) image map, doi: 10.7265/N5ZK5DM5, Natl. Snow and Ice Data Cent., Boulder, Colo., [Updated 2006].
11. 6 during the Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C00F04, doi: 10.1029/2010JC006854.
12. Ilic, R., V. D. Rusov, V. N. Pavlovych, V. M. Vaschenko, L. Hanzic, and, Y. A. Bondarchuk, (2005), Radon in Antarctica, Radiat. Meas., 40, 415-422, doi: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2005.03.022.
13. 222Rn and other short-lived tracers, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 5953-5970.
14. 2 exchange in the Tropical Atlantic, Ocean Model., 19, 161-182, doi: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2007.07.003.
15. Johnson, M. T., C. Hughes, T. G. Bell, and, P. S. Liss, (2011), A Rumsfeldian analysis of uncertainty in air-sea gas exchange, in Gas Transfer at Water Surface 2010, edited by, S. Komori, W. McGillis, and, R. Kurose, pp. 464-484, Kyoto Univ. Press, Kyoto.
16. Kawabata, H., H. Narita, K. Harada, S. Tsunogai, and, M. Kusakabe, (2003), Air-sea gas transfer velocity in stormy winter estimated from radon deficiency, J. Oceanogr., 59, 651-661, doi: 10.1023/B:JOCE.0000009594.4963.1c.
17. Lambert, G., G. Polian, and, D. Taupin, (1970), Existence of periodicity in radon concentrations and in large-scale circulation at lower altitudes between 40°and 70°South, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 2341-2345, doi: 10.1029/JC075i012p02341.
18. Lambert, G., G. Polian, J. Sanak, B. Ardouin, A. Buisson, A. Jegou, and, J. C. Leroulley, (1982), Radon cycle and its descendants: Application to the study of troposphere stratosphere changes, Ann. Geophys., 38, 497-531.
19. 2: Experimental overview and diurnal cycle results for 2002, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 22, GB3009, doi: 10.1029/2007GB003050.
20. Liss, P. S., and, L. Merlivat, (1986), Air-sea gas exchange rates: Introduction and synthesis, in The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling, edited by, P. Buat-Ménard, pp. 113-127, Springer, New York.
21. 2 fluxes, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 16,729-16,745, doi: 10.1029/2000JC000506.
22. McGillis, W. R., J. B. Edson, J. D. Ware, J. W. H. Dacey, J. E. Hare, C. W. Fairall, and, R. Wanninkhof, (2001b), Carbon dioxide flux techniques performed during GasEx-98, Mar. Chem., 75, 267-280, doi: 10.1016/S0304-4203(01) 00042-1.
23. 2 exchange in the equatorial Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C08S02, doi: 10.1029/2003JC002256.
24. Monahan, E. C., (1971), Oceanic whitecaps, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 1, 139-144, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1971)00<0139:OW>2.0.CO;2.
25. Monahan, E. C., and, M. C. Spillane, (1984), The role of oceanic whitecap in air-sea gas exchange, in Gas Transfer at Water Surface, edited by, W. Brutseart, and, G. H. Jirka, pp. 495-503, D. Reidel Publ. Co., New York.
26. 2: Analysis of synoptic-scale variations for the period 2002-2003, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 22, GB4013, doi: 10.1029/2007GB003081.
27. Peng, T. H., W. S. Broecker, G. G. Mathieu, and, Y. H. Li, (1979), Radon evasion rates in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans as determined during the GEOSECS program, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 2471-2486, doi: 10.1029/JC084lC05p02471.
28. Pereira, N. B., (1990), Radon-222 time series measurements in the Antarctic peninsula (1986-1987), Tellus B, 42, 39-45, doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0889. 1990.00006.x.
29. R Development Core Team, (2011), R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
30. Rutgersson, A., A. Smedman, and, E. Sahlee, (2011), Oceanic convective mixing and the impact on air-sea gas transfer velocity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L02602, doi: 10.1029/2010GL045581.
31. Saha, S., et al. (2010), The NCEP climate forecast system reanalysis, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 91, 1015-1057, doi: 10.1175/2010BAMS3001.1.
32. 2 near the tropopause observed by commercial aircraft, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D23301, doi: 10.1029/2008JD010568.
33. Scambos, T., T. Haran, M. Fahnestock, T. Painter, and, M. J. Bohlander, (2007), MODIS-based Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA) data sets: Continent-wide surface morphology and snow grain size, Remote Sens. Environ., 112, 242-257, doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2006.12.020.
34. Schery, S. D., and, M. A. Wasiolek, (1998), Modelling radon flux from the Earth's surface, in Radon and Thoron in the Human Environment, edited by, A. Katase, and, M. Shimo, pp. 207-217, World Sci., River Edge, N. J.
35. Schery, S. D., and, S. Huang, (2004), An estimate of the global distribution of radon emissions from the ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L19104, doi: 10.1029/2004GL021051.
36. Shimo, M., et al. (1997), Radon intercomparison at EML, U.S. DOE, Jpn. J. Health Phys., 32, 285-294, (in Japanese).
37. 2 measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 7005-7022, doi: 10.1029/JC090iC04p07005.
38. Soloviev, A. V., (2007), Coupled renewal model of ocean viscous sublayer, thermal skin effect and interfacial gas transfer velocity, J. Mar. Syst., 66, 19-27, doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2006.03.024.
39. Stohl, A., P. Seibert, G. Wotawa, D. Arnold, J. F. Burkhart, S. Eckhardt, C. Tapia, A. Vargas, and, T. J. Yasunari, (2012), Xenon-133 and caesium-137 releases into the atmosphere from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant: Determination of the source term, atmospheric dispersion, and deposition, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 2313-2343, doi: 10.5194/acp-12-2313-2012.
40. 2 transport based on analyzed winds: Model description and simulation results for TRANSCOM, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 15,099-15,109, doi: 10.1029/96JD00504.
41. Taguchi, S., H. Matsueda, H. Y. Inoue, and, Y. Sawa, (2002), Long-range transport of carbon monoxide from tropical ground to upper troposphere: A case study for South East Asia in October 1997, Tellus B, 54, 22-40, doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2002.00271.x.
42. 222Rn transport at hourly time scales at three stations in Germany, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 10,071-10,084, doi: 10.5194/acp-11-10071-2011.
43. Tasaka, S., M. Matsubara, S. Taguchi, K. Osada, and, T. Yamanouchi, (2011), Atmospheric radon observation on the Antarctic Ocean, Tenki, 58, 31-38, (in Japanese).
44. Toba, Y., and, M. Chaen, (1973), Quantitative expression of the breaking of wind waves on the sea surface, Rec. Oceanogr. Works Jpn., 12, 1-11.
45. Tositti, L., E. B. Pereira, S. Sandrini, D. Capra, O. Tubertini, and, M. G. Bettoli, (2002), Assessment of summer trends of tropospheric radon isotopes in a coastal Antarctic station (Terra Nova Bay), Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 82, 259-274, doi: 10.1080/03067310290027767.
46. Troen, I. W., and, I. Mahrt, (1986), A simple model of the atmospheric boundary layer, sensitivity to surface evaporation, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 37, 129-148, doi: 10.1007/BF00122760.
47. Ui, H., S. Tasaka, M. Hayashi, K. Osada, and, Y. Iwasaka, (1998), Preliminary results from radon observation at Syowa Station, Antarctica, during 1996, Polar Meteorol. Glaciol., 12, 112-123.
48. 2 in the western North Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D07311, doi: 10.1029/2006JD007552.
49. Wanninkhof, R., (1992), Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7373-7382, doi: 10.1029/92JC00188.
50. 2 exchange and wind speed, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1889-1892, doi: 10.1029/1999GL900363.
51. Wanninkhof, R., W. E. Asher, D. T. Ho, C. Sweeney, and, W. R. McGillis, (2009), Advances in quantifying air-sea gas exchange and environmental forcing, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 1, 213-244, doi: 10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163742.
52. Woolf, D. K., et al. (2007), Modelling of bubble-mediated gas transfer: Fundamental principles and a laboratory test, J. Mar. Syst., 66, 71-91, doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2006.02.011.
53. Wurl, O., E. Wurl, L. Miller, K. Johnson, and, S. Vagle, (2011), Formation and global distribution of sea-surface microlayers, Biogeosciences, 8, 121-135, doi: 10.5194/bg-8-121-2011.
54. Zappa, C. J., D. T. Ho, W. R. McGillis, M. L. Banner, J. W. H. Dacey, L. F. Bliven, B. Ma, and, J. Nystuen, (2009), Rain-induced turbulence and air-sea gas transfer, J. Geophys. Res., 114, C07009, doi: 10.1029/2008JC005008.
55. 2 transfer velocity formula as a function of breaking-wave parameter, Tellus B, 55, 478-487.