Influence of dietary fiber type and amount on energy and nutrient digestibility, fecal characteristics, and fecal fermentative end-product concentrations in captive exotic felids fed a raw beef-based diet

Journal of Animal Science

Volumn 91, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 2199-2210

  Kerr, K R ^a   Morris, C L ^b   Burke, S L ^b   Swanson, K S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

^b OMAHA'S HENRY DOORLY ZOO AND AQUARIUM   (United States)

Author keywords

Cheetah; Digestibility; Fecal fermentative end products; Jaguar; Raw meat diet; Tiger

Indexed keywords

EID: 84882703148     PISSN: 00218812     EISSN: 15253163     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5702     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. AACC. 1983. Approved Methods. 8th ed. Am. Assoc. Cereal Chem., St. Paul, MN.
2. AOAC. 2006. Official Methods of Analysis. 17th ed. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., Arlington, VA.
3. Barry, K. A., B. J. Wojcicki, I. S. Middelbos, B. M. Vester, K. S. Swanson, and G. C. Fahey, Jr. 2010. Dietary cellulose, fructooligosaccharides, and pectin modify fecal protein catabolites and microbial populations in adult cats. J. Anim. Sci. 88:2978-2987.
4. Budde, E. F. 1952. The determination of fat in baked biscuit type of dog foods. J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem. 35:799-805.
5. Bueno, A. R., T. G. Cappel, G. D. Sunvold, R. A. Moxley, G. A. Reinhart, and E. T. Clemens. 2000b. Feline colonic microbes and fatty acid transport: Effects of feeding cellulose, beet pulp and pectin/gum arabic fibers. Nutr. Res. 20:1319-1328.
6. Bueno, A. R., T. G. Cappel, G. D. Sunvold, G. A. Reinhart, and E. T. Clemens. 2000a. Feline colonic morphology and mucosal tissue energetics as influenced via the source of dietary fiber. Nutr. Res. 20:985-993.
7. Chaney, A. L., and E. P. Marbach. 1962. Modified reagents for determination of urea and ammonia. Clin. Chem. 8:130-132.
8. Clauss, M., H. Kleffner, and E. Kienzle. 2010. Carnivorous mammals: Nutrient digestibility and energy evaluation. Zoo Biol. 29:687-704.
9. Cummings, J. H., and G. T. Macfarlane. 1991. The control and consequences of bacterial fermentation in the human colon. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 70:443-459.
10. Depauw, S., G. Bosch, M. Hesta, K. Whitehouse-Tedd, W. H. Hendriks, J. Kaandorp, and G. P. Janssens. 2012. Fermentation of animal components in strict carnivores: A comparative study with cheetah fecal inoculum. J. Anim. Sci. 90:2540-2548.
11. Depauw, S., M. Hesta, K. Whitehouse-Tedd, L. Vanhaecke, A. Verbrugghe, and G. P. Janssens. 2013. Animal fibre; The forgotten nutrient in strict carnivores? First insights in the cheetah. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 97:146-154.
12. Edwards, M. S., M. Gaffney, and R. E. Bray. 2001. Influence of fiber source on apparent digestibility, rate of passage, and fecal consistency in small felids fed a beef-based carnivore diet. Proc. Fourth Annu. Conf. Nutr. Adv. Group Am. Zoo Aqua. Assoc. Silver Spring, MD. p. 71-80.
13. Erwin, E. S., G. J. Marco, and E. M. Emery. 1961. Volatile fatty acid analyses of blood and rumen fluid by gas chromatography. J. Dairy Sci. 44:1768-1771.
14. Fahey, G. C., Jr., N. R. Merchen, J. E. Corbin, A. K. Hamilton, K. A. Serbe, S. M. Lewis, and D. A. Hirakawa. 1990. Dietary fiber for dogs: I. Effects of graded levels of dietary beet pulp on nutrient intake, digestibility, metabolizable energy, and digesta mean retention time. J. Anim. Sci. 68:4221-4228.
15. Flickinger, E. A., E. M. Schreijen, A. R. Patil, H. S. Hussein, C. M. Grieshop, N. R. Merchen, and G. C. Fahey, Jr. 2003. Nutrient digestibilities, microbial populations, and protein catabolites as affected by fructan supplementation of dog diets. J. Anim. Sci. 81:2008-2018.
16. Hernot, D. C., V. C. Biourge, L. J. Martin, H. J. Dumon, and P. G. Nguyen. 2005. Relationship between total transit time and faecal quality in adult dogs differing in body size. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 89: 189-193.
17. Hernot, D. C., H. J. Dumon, V. C. Biourge, L. J. Martin, and P. G. Nguyen. 2006. Evaluation of association between body size and large intestinal transit time in healthy dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res. 67: 342-347.
18. Hernot, D. C., J. Nery, V. C. Biourge, L. J. Martin, H. J. Dumon, and P. G. Nguyen. 2009. Colonic permeability is higher in Great Danes compared with smaller breed dogs. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 93:703-709.
19. Hernot, D. C., M. P. Weber, V. C. Biourge, L. J. Martin, H. J. Dumon, and P. G. Nguyen. 2004. Relationship between electrolyte apparent absorption and fecal quality in adult dogs differing in body size. J. Nutr. 134:2031S-2034S.
20. Hesta, M., E. Hoornaert, A. Verlinden, and G. P. Janssens. 2005. The effect of oligofructose on urea metabolism and faecal odour components in cats. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 89:208-214.
21. Hobbs, P. J., B. F. Pain, R. M. Kay, and P. A. Lee. 1996. Reduction of odorous compounds in fresh pigs' slurry by dietary control of crude protein. J. Sci. Food Agric. 71:508-514.
22. Kane, E., J. G. Morris, and Q. R. Rogers. 1981. Acceptability and digestibility by adult cats of diets made with various sources and levels of fat. J. Anim. Sci. 53:1516-1523.
23. Kees, M., P. de Vos, and M. G. Priebe. 2010. Butyrate and other shortchain fatty acids as modulators of immunity: What relevance for health? Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care 13:715-721.
24. Kerr, K. R., A. N. Beloshapka, C. L. Morris, and K. S. Swanson. 2011. Nitrogen metabolism of four raw meat diets in domestic cats. Br. J. Nutr. 106:S174-S177.
25. Kerr, K. R., A. N. Beloshapka, C. L. Morris, and K. S. Swanson. 2013. Evaluation of four raw meat diets using avians, domestic cats, and captive exotic felids. J. Anim. Sci., in press.
26. Kerr, K. R., A. N. Beloshapka, C. L. Morris, C. M. Parsons, S. L. Burke, P. L. Utterback, and K. S. Swanson. 2013. Evaluation of four raw meat diets using domestic cats, captive exotic felids, and cecectomized roosters. J. Anim. Sci. 91:225-237.
27. Kerr, K. R., B. M. Vester Boler, C. L. Morris, K. J. Liu, and K. S. Swanson. 2012. Apparent total tract energy and macronutrient digestibility and fecal fermentative end-product concentrations of domestic cats fed extruded, raw beef-based, and cooked beefbased diets. J. Anim. Sci. 90:515-522.
28. Kienzle, E., H. Meyer, and R. Schneider. 1991. Investigations on palatability, digestibility, and tolerance of low digestible food components in cats. J. Nutr. 121: S56-S57.
29. Leibetseder, J. 1984. Fibre in the dog's diet. In: R. S. Anderson, editor, Nutrition and Behaviour in Dogs and Cats. Pergamon Press, Toronto, ON, Canada. p. 71-80.
30. Lubbs, D. C., B. M. Vester, N. D. Fastinger, and K. S. Swanson. 2009. Dietary protein concentration affects intestinal microbiota of adult cats: A study using DGGE and qPCR to evaluate differences in microbial populations in the feline gastrointestinal tract. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl.). 93:113-121.
31. Middelbos, I. S., M. R. Godoy, N. D. Fastinger, and G. C. Fahey, Jr. 2007. A dose-response evaluation of spray-dried yeast cell wall supplementation of diets fed to adult dogs: Effects on nutrient digestibility, immune indices, and fecal microbial populations. J. Anim. Sci. 85:3022-3032.
32. Muir, H. E., S. M. Murray, G. C. Fahey Jr., N. R. Merchen, and G. A. Reinhart. 1996. Nutrient digestion by ileal cannulated dogs as affected by dietary fibers with various fermentation characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 74:1641-1648.
33. Nery J., R. Goudez, V. Biourge, C. Tournier, V. Leray, L. Martin, C Thorin, P. Nguyen, and H. Dumon. 2012. Influence of dietary protein content and source on colonic fermentative activity in dogs differing in body size and digestive tolerance. J. Anim. Sci. 90:2570-2580.
34. NRC. 2006. Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.
35. Plöger, S., F. Stumpff, G. B. Penner, J.-D. Schulzke, G. Gäbel, H. Martens, Z. Shen, D. Günzel, and J. R. Aschenbach. 2012. Microbial butyrate and its role for barrier function in the gastrointestinal tract. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1258:52-59.
36. Prosky, L., N. G. Asp, T. F. Schweizer, J. W. DeVries, and I. Furda. 1992. Determination of insoluble and soluble dietary fiber in foods and food products: Collaborative study. J. AOAC Int. 75:360-367.
37. Roediger, W. E. W. 1982. Utilization of nutrients by isolated epithelial cells of the rat colon. Gastroenterology 83:424-429.
38. Sunvold, G. D., G. C. Fahey, Jr., N. R. Merchen, L. D. Bourquin, E. C. Titgemeyer, L. L. Bauer, and G. A. Reinhart. 1995. Dietary fiber for cats: In vitro fermentation of selected fiber sources by cat fecal inoculum and in vivo utilization of diets containing selected fiber sources and their blends. J. Anim. Sci. 73:2329-2339.
39. Verbrugghe, A., K. Gommeren, S. Daminet, B. Wuyts, J. Buyse, and G. P. J. Janssens. 2009. Oligofructose and inulin modulate glucose and amino acid metabolism through propionate production in normal-weight and obese cats. Br. J. Nutr. 102:694-702.
40. Verbrugghe, A., G. P. J. Janssens, E. Meininger, S. Daminet, K. Piron, L. Vanhaecke, B. Wuyts, and J. Buyse. 2010. Intestinal fermentation modulates postprandial acylcarnitine profile and nitrogen metabolism in a true carnivore: The domestic cat (Felis catus). Brit. J. Nutr. 104:972-979.
41. Vester, B. M., A. N. Beloshapka, I. S. Middelbos, S. L. Burke, C. L. Dikeman, L. G. Simmons, and K. S. Swanson. 2010a. Evaluation of nutrient digestibility and fecal characteristics of exotic felids fed horse- or beef-based diets: Use of the domestic cat as a model for exotic felids. Zoo Biol. 29:432-448.
42. Vester, B. M., S. L. Burke, C. L. Dikeman, L. G. Simmons, and K. S. Swanson. 2008. Nutrient digestibility and fecal characteristics are different among captive exotic felids fed a beef-based raw diet. Zoo Biol. 27:126-136.
43. Vester, B. M., S. L. Burke, C. L. Dikeman, L. G. Simmons, and K. S. Swanson. 2010b. Influence of feeding raw or extruded feline diets on apparent total tract nutrient digestibility and nitrogen metabolism of African wildcats. Zoo Biol. 29:676-686.
44. Zentek J., and H. Meyer. 1995. Normal handling of diets-Are all dogs created equal? J. Small Anim. Pract. 36:354-359.