Ammonia emissions and performance of backgrounding and finishing beef feedlot cattle fed barley-based diets varying in dietary crude protein concentration and rumen degradability

Journal of Animal Science

Volumn 91, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 2278-2294

  Koenig, K M ^a   McGinn, S M ^a   Beauchemin, K A ^a  

^a LETHBRIDGE RESEARCH CENTRE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Ammonia emissions; Barley; Crude protein; Feedlot cattle; Growth performance

Indexed keywords

EID: 84882656938     PISSN: 00218812     EISSN: 15253163     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5651     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Adams, J. R., T. B. Farran, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, C. N. Macken, and C. B. Wilson. 2004. Effect of organic matter addition to the pen surface and pen cleaning frequency on nitrogen mass balance in open feedlots. J. Anim. Sci. 82:2153-2163.
2. AOAC. 2005. Official methods of analysis. 18th ed. AOAC Int., Gaithersburg, MD.
3. Beauchemin, K. A., and L. M. Rode. 1999. Optimum processing of barley. http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/beef3987. (Accessed 19 October 2012).
4. Bierman, S., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, R. A. Stock, and D. H. Shain. 1999. Evaluation of nitrogen and organic matter balance in the feedlot as affected by level and source of dietary fibre. J. Anim. Sci. 77:1645-1653.
5. Bremner, J. M., and M. I. Zantua. 1975. Enzyme activity in soils at subzero temperatures. Soil Biol. Biochem. 7:383-387.
6. Canadian Council on Animal Care. 1993. Guide to the use of experimental animals, vol. 1. 2nd ed. E. D. Olfert, B. M. Cross and A. A. McWilliams, editors. Canadian Council on Animal Care, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
7. Canadian Food Inspection Agency. 2012. Livestock and poultry carcass grading regulations (SOR/92-541), consolidation. Part III. Accessed Apr. 11, 2012. http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-92-541/index.html.
8. Cole, N. A., R. N. Clark, R. W. Todd, C. R. Richardson, A. Gueye, L. W. Greene, and K. McBride. 2005. Influence of dietary crude protein concentration and source on potential ammonia emissions from beef cattle manure. J. Anim. Sci. 83:722-731.
9. Cole, N. A., P. J. Defoor, M. L. Gaylean, G. C. Duff, and J. F. Gleghorn. 2006. Effects of phase-feeding of crude protein on performance, carcass characteristics, serum urea nitrogen concentrations, and manure nitrogen of finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 84:3421-3432.
10. Dewes, T. 1996. Effect of pH, temperature, amount of litter and storage density on ammonia emissions from stable manure. J. Agric. Sci. 127:501-509.
11. 3) emissions for Canada. Accessed Apr. 11, 2012. http://www.ec.gc.ca/indicateurs-indicators/default.asp?lang=en&n=FE578F55-1. (Accessed 3 April 2013.)
12. Erickson, G., and T. Klopfenstein. 2010. Nutritional and management methods to decrease nitrogen losses from beef feedlots. J. Anim. Sci. 88(E. Suppl.):E172-E180.
13. Flesch, T. K., J. D. Wilson, L. A. Harper, R. W. Todd, and N. A. Cole. 2007. Determining ammonia emissions from a cattle feedlot with an inverse dispersion technique. Agric. For. Meteorol. 144:139-155.
14. Gilhespy, S. L., J. Webb, D. R. Chadwick, T. H. Misselbrook, R. Kay, V. Camp, A. L. Retter, and A. Bason. 2009. Will additional straw bedding in buildings housing cattle and pigs reduce ammonia emissions? Biosystems Eng. 102:180-189.
15. Hristov, A. N., M. Hanigan, A. Cole, R. Todd, T. A. McAllister, P. M. Ndegwa, and A. Rotz. 2011. Review: Ammonia emissions from dairy farms and beef feedlots. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91:1-35.
16. Hutchinson, G. L., A. R. Mosier, and C. E. Andre. 1982. Ammonia and amine emissions from a large cattle feedlot. J. Environ. Qual. 11:288-293.
17. Johnson, J. W., and R. L. Preston. 1995. Minimizing nitrogen waste by measuring plasma urea-N levels in steers fed different dietary crude protein levels. In: Texas Tech Univ. Res. Rep. T-5-355. Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX. p. 62-63.
18. Kempers, A. J., and A. Zweers. 1986. Ammonium determination in soil extracts by the salicyclate method. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 17:715-723.
19. Koenig, K. M., and K. A. Beauchemin. 2013a. Nitrogen metabolism and route of excretion in beef feedlot cattle fed barley-based backgrounding diets varying in protein concentration and rumen degradability. J. Anim. Sci. 91:2295-2309.
20. Koenig, K. M., and K. A. Beauchemin. 2013b. Nitrogen metabolism and route of excretion in beef feedlot cattle fed barley-based finishing diets varying in protein concentration and rumen degradability. J. Anim. Sci. 91:2310-2320.
21. Kohn, R. A., Z. Dou, J. D. Ferguson, and R. C. Boston. 1997. A sensitivity analysis of nitrogen losses from dairy farms. J. Environ. Manage. 50:417-428.
22. Lory, J., J. Adams, B. Eghball, T. Klopfenstein, and J. F. Powers. 2002. Effect of sawdust or acid application to pen surfaces on nitrogen losses from open-dirt feedlots. Nebraska Beef Report MP 79-A:52-53.
23. McGinn, S. M., T. K. Flesch, B. P. Crenna, K. A. Beauchemin, and T. Coates. 2007. Quantifying ammonia emissions from a cattle feedlot using a dispersion model. J. Environ. Qual. 36:1585-1590.
24. McGinn, S. M., and H. H. Janzen. 1998. Ammonia sources in agriculture and their measurement. Can. J. Soil Sci. 78:139-148.
25. McGinn, S. M., and S. G. Sommer. 2007. Ammonia emissions from land-applied beef cattle manure. Can. J. Soil Sci. 87:345-352.
26. Misselbrook, T. H., and J. M. Powell. 2005. Influence of bedding material on ammonia emissions from cattle excreta. J. Dairy Sci. 88:4304-4312.
27. Mobley, H. L. T., and R. P. Hausinger. 1989. Microbial ureases: Significance, regulation and molecular characterization. Microbiol. Rev. 53:85-108.
28. Moyo, C. C., D. E. Kissel, and M. L. Cabrera. 1989. Temperature effects on soil urease activity. Soil Biol. Biochem. 21:935-938.
29. NRC. 1981. Effect of environment on nutrient requirements of domestic animals. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.
30. NRC. 2000. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. Update. 7th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.
31. Oke, T. R. 1987. Boundary layer climates. 2nd ed. Routledge, London, UK.
32. Rode, L. M., W. Z. Yang, and K. A. Beauchemin. 1999. Fibrolytic enzyme supplements for dairy cows in early lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 82:2121-2126.
33. Rotz, C. A. 2004. Management to reduce nitrogen losses in animal production. J. Anim. Sci. 82(E. Suppl.):E119-E137.
34. Schjoerring, J. K., S. G. Sommer, and M. Ferm. 1992. A simple passive sampler for measuring ammonia emission in the field. Water Air Soil Pollut. 62:13-24.
35. Sommer, S. G., E. Sibbesen, T. Nielsen, J. K. Schjørring, and J. E. Olesen. 1996. A passive flux sampler for measuring ammonia volatilization from manure storage facilities. J. Environ. Qual. 25:241-247.
36. Staebler, R. M., S. M. McGinn, B. P. Crenna, T. K. Flesch, K. L. Hayden, and S.-M. Li. 2009. Three-dimensional characterization of the ammonia plume from a beef cattle feedlot. Atmos. Environ. 43:6091-6099.
37. Tabler, G. T., Jr., A. H. Brown Jr., E. E. Gbur Jr., I. L. Berry, Z. B. Johnson, D. W. Kellogg, and K. C. Thompson. 2007. Effect of selected weather factors on feed intake of Angus, Polled Hereford, and Simmental beef bulls during feedlot performance tests. Arkansas Anim. Sci. Dep. Rep., Res. Series 553. Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Arkansas, Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville.
38. Todd, R. W., N. A. Cole, R. N. Clark, T. K. Flesch, L. A. Harper, and B. H. Baek. 2008. Ammonia emissions from a beef cattle feedyard on the southern High Plains. Atmos. Environ. 42:6797-6805.
39. Todd, R. W., N. A. Cole, L. A. Harper, T. K. Flesch, and B. H. Beak. 2005. Ammonia and gaseous nitrogen emissions from a commercial beef cattle feedyard estimated using the flux-gradient method and N:P ratio analysis. In: P. J. Nowack, editor, Proceedings of the State of Science: Animal Manure and Waste Management. National Centre for Manure and Animal Waste Management, San Antonio, TX. Accessed April 11, 2012. http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/waste-mgt/natlcenter/sanantonio/proceedings.htm.
40. Todd, R. W., N. A. Cole, M. B. Rhoades, D. B. Parker, and K. D. Casey. 2011. Daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual ammonia emissions from southern High Plains cattle feedyards. J. Environ. Qual. 40:1090-1095.
41. Tylutki, T. P., D. G. Fox, and R. G. Anrique. 1994. Predicting net energy and protein requirements for growth of implanted and nonimplanted heifers and steers and nonimplanted bulls varying in body size. J. Anim. Sci. 72:1806-1813.
42. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2004. National emissions inventory - Ammonia emissions from animal husbandry operations. Draft report. Accessed Apr. 11, 2012. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch09/related/nh3inventorydraft-jan2004.pdf.
43. Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson, and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583-3597.
44. Vasconcelos, J. T., N. A. Cole, K. W. McBride, A. Gueye, M. L. Galyean, C. R. Richardson, and L. W. Greene. 2009. Effects of dietary crude protein and supplemental urea levels on nitrogen and phosphorus utilization by feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 87:1174-1183.
45. Vasconcelos, J. T., and M. L. Gaylean. 2007. Nutritional recommendations of feedlot consulting nutritionists: The 2007 Texas Tech University survey. J. Anim. Sci. 85:2772-2781.