메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 91, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 2295-2309

Nitrogen metabolism and route of excretion in beef feedlot cattle fed barley-based backgrounding diets varying in protein concentration and rumen degradability

Author keywords

Barley; Excretion; Feedlot cattle; Nitrogen metabolism; Protein

Indexed keywords


EID: 84882644860     PISSN: 00218812     EISSN: 15253163     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5652     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (23)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 3142563202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of organic matter addition to the pen surface and pen cleaning frequency on nitrogen mass balance in open feedlots
    • Adams, J. R., T. B. Farran, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, C. N. Macken, and C. B. Wilson. 2004. Effect of organic matter addition to the pen surface and pen cleaning frequency on nitrogen mass balance in open feedlots. J. Anim. Sci. 82:2153-2163.
    • (2004) J. Anim. Sci , vol.82 , pp. 2153-2163
    • Adams, J.R.1    Farran, T.B.2    Erickson, G.E.3    Klopfenstein, T.J.4    Macken, C.N.5    Wilson, C.B.6
  • 2
    • 84882668173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wort-12. Free amino nitrogen
    • American Society of Brewing Chemists (ASBC), ASBC, St, Paul, MN
    • American Society of Brewing Chemists (ASBC). 2004. Wort-12. Free amino nitrogen. In: Methods of analysis of the American society of brewing chemists, 9th ed. ASBC, St. Paul, MN.
    • (2004) Methods of Analysis of the American Society of Brewing Chemists
  • 3
    • 0024710272 scopus 로고
    • Effects of amino acids and peptides on rumen microbial growth yields
    • Argyle, J. L., and R. L. Baldwin. 1989. Effects of amino acids and peptides on rumen microbial growth yields. J. Dairy Sci. 72:2017-2027.
    • (1989) J. Dairy Sci , vol.72 , pp. 2017-2027
    • Argyle, J.L.1    Baldwin, R.L.2
  • 6
    • 0033158447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of nitrogen and organic matter balance in the feedlot as affected by level and source of dietary fiber
    • Bierman, S., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, R. A. Stock, and D. H. Shain. 1999. Evaluation of nitrogen and organic matter balance in the feedlot as affected by level and source of dietary fiber. J. Anim. Sci. 77:1645-1653.
    • (1999) J. Anim. Sci , vol.77 , pp. 1645-1653
    • Bierman, S.1    Erickson, G.E.2    Klopfenstein, T.J.3    Stock, R.A.4    Shain, D.H.5
  • 7
    • 33748917871 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogenous constituents in the urine of cattle, sheep and goats
    • Bristow, A. W., D. C. Whitehead, and J. E. Cockburn. 1992. Nitrogenous constituents in the urine of cattle, sheep and goats. J. Sci. Food Agric. 59:387-394.
    • (1992) J. Sci. Food Agric , vol.59 , pp. 387-394
    • Bristow, A.W.1    Whitehead, D.C.2    Cockburn, J.E.3
  • 8
    • 0018813422 scopus 로고
    • Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media
    • Broderick, G. A., and J. H. Kang. 1980. Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. J. Dairy Sci. 63:64-75.
    • (1980) J. Dairy Sci , vol.63 , pp. 64-75
    • Broderick, G.A.1    Kang, J.H.2
  • 9
    • 0039568815 scopus 로고
    • Guide to the use of experimental animals
    • Canadian Council on Animal Care, 2nd ed. E. D. Olfert, B. M. Cross and A. A. McWilliams, editors, Ottawa, ON
    • Canadian Council on Animal Care. 1993. Guide to the use of experimental animals, vol. 1. 2nd ed. E. D. Olfert, B. M. Cross and A. A. McWilliams, editors. Canadian Council on Animal Care, Ottawa, ON.
    • (1993) Canadian Council On Animal Care , vol.1
  • 10
    • 0032777557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of supplementing a fibre basal diet with different nitrogen forms on ruminal fermentation and microbial growth in an in vitro semi-continuous culture system (RUSITEC)
    • Carro, M. D., and E. L. Miller. 1999. Effect of supplementing a fibre basal diet with different nitrogen forms on ruminal fermentation and microbial growth in an in vitro semi-continuous culture system (RUSITEC). Br. J. Nutr. 82:149-157.
    • (1999) Br. J. Nutr , vol.82 , pp. 149-157
    • Carro, M.D.1    Miller, E.L.2
  • 11
    • 0023335272 scopus 로고
    • Concentration and estimated flow of peptides from the rumen of dairy cattle: Effects of protein quantity, protein solubility, and feeding frequency
    • Chen, G., C. J. Sniffen, and J. B. Russell. 1987. Concentration and estimated flow of peptides from the rumen of dairy cattle: Effects of protein quantity, protein solubility, and feeding frequency. J. Dairy Sci. 70:983-992.
    • (1987) J. Dairy Sci , vol.70 , pp. 983-992
    • Chen, G.1    Sniffen, C.J.2    Russell, J.B.3
  • 12
    • 84986808822 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of purine derivatives in urine of ruminants using automated methods
    • Chen, X. B., J. Mathieson, F. D. DeB Hovell, and P. J. Reeds. 1990. Measurement of purine derivatives in urine of ruminants using automated methods. J. Sci. Food Agric. 53:23-33.
    • (1990) J. Sci. Food Agric , vol.53 , pp. 23-33
    • Chen, X.B.1    Mathieson, J.2    Deb Hovell, F.D.3    Reeds, P.J.4
  • 13
    • 0000098946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of dietary rumen-degradable protein on bacterial growth in the rumen of sheep receiving different energy sources
    • Chikunya, S., C. J. Newbold, L. Rode, X. B. Chen, and R. J. Wallace. 1996. Influence of dietary rumen-degradable protein on bacterial growth in the rumen of sheep receiving different energy sources. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 63:333-340.
    • (1996) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol , vol.63 , pp. 333-340
    • Chikunya, S.1    Newbold, C.J.2    Rode, L.3    Chen, X.B.4    Wallace, R.J.5
  • 14
    • 0037197813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of the flow of soluble non-ammonia nitrogen entering the omasal canal of dairy cows fed grass silage based diets
    • Choi, C. W., S. Ahvenjärvi, A. Vanhatalo, V. Toivonen, and P. Huhtanen. 2002. Quantitation of the flow of soluble non-ammonia nitrogen entering the omasal canal of dairy cows fed grass silage based diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 96:203-220.
    • (2002) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol , vol.96 , pp. 203-220
    • Choi, C.W.1    Ahvenjärvi, S.2    Vanhatalo, A.3    Toivonen, V.4    Huhtanen, P.5
  • 15
    • 33644640803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of dietary crude protein concentration and source on potential ammonia emissions from beef cattle manure
    • Cole, N. A., R. N. Clark, R. W. Todd, C. R. Richardson, A. Gueye, L. W. Greene, and K. McBride. 2005. Influence of dietary crude protein concentration and source on potential ammonia emissions from beef cattle manure. J. Anim. Sci. 83:722-731.
    • (2005) J. Anim. Sci , vol.83 , pp. 722-731
    • Cole, N.A.1    Clark, R.N.2    Todd, R.W.3    Richardson, C.R.4    Gueye, A.5    Greene, L.W.6    McBride, K.7
  • 16
    • 0016970508 scopus 로고
    • Effect of urea form and method of feeding on rumen ammonia concentration
    • Coppock, C. E., M. A. Peplowski, and G. B. Lake. 1976. Effect of urea form and method of feeding on rumen ammonia concentration. J. Dairy Sci. 59:1152-1156.
    • (1976) J. Dairy Sci , vol.59 , pp. 1152-1156
    • Coppock, C.E.1    Peplowski, M.A.2    Lake, G.B.3
  • 17
    • 0032817923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of addition of urea to a low nitrogen diet on the rumen digestion of a range of roughages
    • Dixon, R. M. 1999. Effects of addition of urea to a low nitrogen diet on the rumen digestion of a range of roughages. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 50:1091-1097.
    • (1999) Aust. J. Agric. Res , vol.50 , pp. 1091-1097
    • Dixon, R.M.1
  • 18
    • 0030076966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of form of nitrogen on growth of ruminal microbes in continuous culture
    • Griswold, K. E., W. H. Hoover, T. K. Miller, and W. V. Thayne. 1996. Effect of form of nitrogen on growth of ruminal microbes in continuous culture. J. Anim. Sci. 74:483-491.
    • (1996) J. Anim. Sci , vol.74 , pp. 483-491
    • Griswold, K.E.1    Hoover, W.H.2    Miller, T.K.3    Thayne, W.V.4
  • 19
    • 33750077179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sites, rates, and limits of starch digestion and glucose metabolism in growing cattle
    • Huntington, G. B., D. L. Harmon, and C. J. Richards. 2006. Sites, rates, and limits of starch digestion and glucose metabolism in growing cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 84(E. Suppl.):E14-E24.
    • (2006) J. Anim. Sci , vol.84 , Issue.E. SUPPL.
    • Huntington, G.B.1    Harmon, D.L.2    Richards, C.J.3
  • 20
    • 0035261084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ruminal protein degradability on growth and N metabolism in growing beef steers
    • Huntington, G., M. Poore, B. Hopkins, and J. Spears. 2001. Effect of ruminal protein degradability on growth and N metabolism in growing beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 79:533-541.
    • (2001) J. Anim. Sci , vol.79 , pp. 533-541
    • Huntington, G.1    Poore, M.2    Hopkins, B.3    Spears, J.4
  • 21
    • 0000080274 scopus 로고
    • The influence of diet on nitrogen and amino acid content of mixed rumen bacteria
    • Hvelplund, T. 1986. The influence of diet on nitrogen and amino acid content of mixed rumen bacteria. Acta Agric. Scand. 36:325-331.
    • (1986) Acta Agric. Scand , vol.36 , pp. 325-331
    • Hvelplund, T.1
  • 22
    • 84882699783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen metabolism and route of excretion in beef feedlot cattle fed barley-based finishing diets varying in protein concentration and rumen degradability
    • Koenig, K. M., and K. A. Beauchemin. 2013. Nitrogen metabolism and route of excretion in beef feedlot cattle fed barley-based finishing diets varying in protein concentration and rumen degradability. J. Anim. Sci. 91:2310-2320.
    • (2013) J. Anim. Sci , vol.91 , pp. 2310-2320
    • Koenig, K.M.1    Beauchemin, K.A.2
  • 23
    • 84882656938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ammonia emissions and performance of backgrounding and finishing beef feedlot cattle fed barley-based diets varying in dietary crude protein concentration and rumen degradability
    • Koenig, K. M., S. M. McGinn, and K. A. Beauchemin. 2013. Ammonia emissions and performance of backgrounding and finishing beef feedlot cattle fed barley-based diets varying in dietary crude protein concentration and rumen degradability. J. Anim. Sci. 91:2278-2294.
    • (2013) J. Anim. Sci , vol.91 , pp. 2278-2294
    • Koenig, K.M.1    McGinn, S.M.2    Beauchemin, K.A.3
  • 24
    • 0034264525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of protozoa on bacterial nitrogen recycling in the rumen
    • Koenig, K. M., C. J. Newbold, F. M. McIntosh, and L. M. Rode. 2000. Effects of protozoa on bacterial nitrogen recycling in the rumen. J. Anim. Sci. 78:2431-2445.
    • (2000) J. Anim. Sci , vol.78 , pp. 2431-2445
    • Koenig, K.M.1    Newbold, C.J.2    McIntosh, F.M.3    Rode, L.M.4
  • 25
    • 33444456588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using blood urea nitrogen to predict nitrogen excretion and efficiency of nitrogen utilization in cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, and rats
    • Kohn, R. A., M. M. Dinneen, and E. Russek-Cohen. 2005. Using blood urea nitrogen to predict nitrogen excretion and efficiency of nitrogen utilization in cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, and rats. J. Anim. Sci. 83:879-889.
    • (2005) J. Anim. Sci , vol.83 , pp. 879-889
    • Kohn, R.A.1    Dinneen, M.M.2    Russek-Cohen, E.3
  • 26
    • 84858979007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen isotope fractionation and origin of ammonia nitrogen volatilization from cattle manure in simulated storage
    • Lee, C., A. N. Hristov, T. Cassidy, and K. Heyler. 2011. Nitrogen isotope fractionation and origin of ammonia nitrogen volatilization from cattle manure in simulated storage. Atmosphere 2:256-270.
    • (2011) Atmosphere , vol.2 , pp. 256-270
    • Lee, C.1    Hristov, A.N.2    Cassidy, T.3    Heyler, K.4
  • 27
    • 0021433114 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen metabolism in the rumen
    • Leng, R. A., and J. V. Nolan. 1984. Nitrogen metabolism in the rumen. J. Dairy Sci. 67:1072-1089.
    • (1984) J. Dairy Sci , vol.67 , pp. 1072-1089
    • Leng, R.A.1    Nolan, J.V.2
  • 28
    • 0036560924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of concentrate level and feeding management of chewing activities, saliva production, and ruminal pH of lactating dairy cows
    • Maekawa, M., K. A. Beauchemin, and D. A. Christensen. 2002. Effect of concentrate level and feeding management of chewing activities, saliva production, and ruminal pH of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1165-1175.
    • (2002) J. Dairy Sci , vol.85 , pp. 1165-1175
    • Maekawa, M.1    Beauchemin, K.A.2    Christensen, D.A.3
  • 29
    • 2342593921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of nitrogen intake on nitrogen recycling and urea transporter abundance in lambs
    • Marini, J. C., J. D. Klein, J. M. Sands, and M. E. Van Amburgh. 2004. Effect of nitrogen intake on nitrogen recycling and urea transporter abundance in lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 82:1157-1164.
    • (2004) J. Anim. Sci , vol.82 , pp. 1157-1164
    • Marini, J.C.1    Klein, J.D.2    Sands, J.M.3    van Amburgh, M.E.4
  • 30
    • 20844439042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partition of nitrogen excretion in urine and the feces of Holstein replacement heifers
    • Marini, J. C., and M. E. Van Amburgh. 2005. Partition of nitrogen excretion in urine and the feces of Holstein replacement heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 88:1778-1784.
    • (2005) J. Dairy Sci , vol.88 , pp. 1778-1784
    • Marini, J.C.1    van Amburgh, M.E.2
  • 31
    • 0030147324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of sampling time and diet on amino acid composition of protozoal and bacterial fractions from bovine ruminal contents
    • Martin, C., L. Bernard, and B. Michalet-Doreau. 1996. Influence of sampling time and diet on amino acid composition of protozoal and bacterial fractions from bovine ruminal contents. J. Anim. Sci. 74:1157-1163.
    • (1996) J. Anim. Sci , vol.74 , pp. 1157-1163
    • Martin, C.1    Bernard, L.2    Michalet-Doreau, B.3
  • 32
    • 0042291139 scopus 로고
    • Surgical techniques - Advances and cautions
    • Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK
    • McGilliard, A. D. 1982. Surgical techniques - Advances and cautions. In: Protein requirements for cattle: Symposium. Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK. p. 31-36.
    • (1986) In: Protein requirements for cattle: Symposium , pp. 31-36
    • McGilliard, A.D.1
  • 33
    • 0020854102 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the chemical composition of mixed bacteria harvested from the liquid and solid fractions of rumen digesta
    • Merry, R. J., and A. B. McAllan. 1983. A comparison of the chemical composition of mixed bacteria harvested from the liquid and solid fractions of rumen digesta. Brit. J. Nutr. 50:701-709.
    • (1983) Brit. J. Nutr , vol.50 , pp. 701-709
    • Merry, R.J.1    McAllan, A.B.2
  • 34
    • 20844443491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary manipulation in dairy cattle: Laboratory experiments to assess the influence on ammonia emissions
    • Misselbrook, T. H., J. M. Powell, G. A. Broderick, and J. H. Grabber. 2005. Dietary manipulation in dairy cattle: laboratory experiments to assess the influence on ammonia emissions. J. Dairy Sci. 88:1765-1777.
    • (2005) J. Dairy Sci , vol.88 , pp. 1765-1777
    • Misselbrook, T.H.1    Powell, J.M.2    Broderick, G.A.3    Grabber, J.H.4
  • 35
    • 77957240311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary nitrogen reduction enhances urea transport across the goat epithelium
    • Muscher, A. S., B. Schröder, G. Breves, and K. Huber. 2010. Dietary nitrogen reduction enhances urea transport across the goat epithelium. J. Anim. Sci. 88:3390-3398.
    • (2010) J. Anim. Sci , vol.88 , pp. 3390-3398
    • Muscher, A.S.1    Schröder, B.2    Breves, G.3    Huber, K.4
  • 36
    • 34250817064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ruminal acidosis in beef cattle: The current microbiological and nutritional outlook
    • Nagaraja, T. G., and E. C. Titgemeyer. 2007. Ruminal acidosis in beef cattle: the current microbiological and nutritional outlook. J. Dairy Sci. 90 (E. Suppl.): E17-E38.
    • (2007) J. Dairy Sci , vol.90 , Issue.E. SUPPL.
    • Nagaraja, T.G.1    Titgemeyer, E.C.2
  • 37
    • 84882642901 scopus 로고
    • Ruminant nitrogen usage
    • NRC, Press, Washington, DC
    • NRC. 1985. Ruminant nitrogen usage. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.
    • (1985) Natl. Acad
  • 38
    • 85019408933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrient requirements of beef cattle
    • NRC, Update. 7th rev. ed, Press, Washington, DC
    • NRC. 2000. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. Update. 7th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.
    • (2000) Natl. Acad
  • 39
    • 0023233487 scopus 로고
    • Influence of rumen ammonia concentration on the rumen degradation rates of barley and maize
    • Odle, J., and D. M. Schaefer. 1987. Influence of rumen ammonia concentration on the rumen degradation rates of barley and maize. Br. J. Nutr. 57:127-138.
    • (1987) Br. J. Nutr , vol.57 , pp. 127-138
    • Odle, J.1    Schaefer, D.M.2
  • 40
    • 0000869913 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of protozoal and bacterial fractions from microorganisms associated with ruminal fluid or particles
    • Olubobokun, J. A., W. M. Craig, and W. A. Nipper. 1988. Characteristics of protozoal and bacterial fractions from microorganisms associated with ruminal fluid or particles. J. Anim. Sci. 66:2701-2710.
    • (1988) J. Anim. Sci , vol.66 , pp. 2701-2710
    • Olubobokun, J.A.1    Craig, W.M.2    Nipper, W.A.3
  • 42
    • 35748975138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omasal flow of soluble proteins, peptides, and free amino acids in dairy cows fed diets supplemented with proteins of varying ruminal degradabilities
    • Reynal, S. M., I. R. Ipharraguerre, M. Liñeiro, A. F. Brito, G. A. Broderick, and J. H. Clark. 2006. Omasal flow of soluble proteins, peptides, and free amino acids in dairy cows fed diets supplemented with proteins of varying ruminal degradabilities. J. Dairy Sci. 90:1887-1903.
    • (2006) J. Dairy Sci , vol.90 , pp. 1887-1903
    • Reynal, S.M.1    Ipharraguerre, I.R.2    Liñeiro, M.3    Brito, A.F.4    Broderick, G.A.5    Clark, J.H.6
  • 43
    • 0028438704 scopus 로고
    • Influence of supplemental protein source and feeding frequency on rumen fermentation and performance in dairy cows
    • Robinson, P. H., and R. E. McQueen. 1994. Influence of supplemental protein source and feeding frequency on rumen fermentation and performance in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 77:1340-1353.
    • (1994) J. Dairy Sci , vol.77 , pp. 1340-1353
    • Robinson, P.H.1    McQueen, R.E.2
  • 44
    • 0026950708 scopus 로고
    • A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: I. Ruminal fermentation
    • Russell, J. B., J. D. O'Conner, D. G. Fox, P. J. Van Soest, and C. J. Sniffen. 1992. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: I. Ruminal fermentation. J. Anim. Sci. 70:3551-3561.
    • (1992) J. Anim. Sci , vol.70 , pp. 3551-3561
    • Russell, J.B.1    O'Conner, J.D.2    Fox, D.G.3    van Soest, P.J.4    Sniffen, C.J.5
  • 45
    • 0030203318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why are ruminal cellulolytic bacteria unable to digest cellulose at low pH
    • Russell, J. B., and D. B. Wilson. 1996. Why are ruminal cellulolytic bacteria unable to digest cellulose at low pH. J. Dairy Sci. 79:1503-1509.
    • (1996) J. Dairy Sci , vol.79 , pp. 1503-1509
    • Russell, J.B.1    Wilson, D.B.2
  • 46
    • 0016301573 scopus 로고
    • Effect of ammonia concentration on rumen microbial protein production in vitro
    • Satter, L. D., and L. L. Slyter. 1974. Effect of ammonia concentration on rumen microbial protein production in vitro. Br. J. Nutr. 32:199-208.
    • (1974) Br. J. Nutr , vol.32 , pp. 199-208
    • Satter, L.D.1    Slyter, L.L.2
  • 47
    • 0022244272 scopus 로고
    • Ytterbium acetate as a particulate-phase digesta-flow marker
    • Siddons, R. C., J. Paradine, D. E. Beever, and P. R. Cornell. 1985. Ytterbium acetate as a particulate-phase digesta-flow marker. Br. J. Nutr. 54:509-519.
    • (1985) Br. J. Nutr , vol.54 , pp. 509-519
    • Siddons, R.C.1    Paradine, J.2    Beever, D.E.3    Cornell, P.R.4
  • 48
    • 0013460686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical analysis of N balance experiments with lactating cows
    • Spanghero, M., and Z. M. Kowalski. 1997. Critical analysis of N balance experiments with lactating cows. Livest. Prod. Sci. 52:113-122.
    • (1997) Livest. Prod. Sci , vol.52 , pp. 113-122
    • Spanghero, M.1    Kowalski, Z.M.2
  • 49
    • 0000556923 scopus 로고
    • Nutrition management of dairy cows as a contribution to pollution control
    • Tamminga, S. 1992. Nutrition management of dairy cows as a contribution to pollution control. J. Dairy Sci. 75:345-357.
    • (1992) J. Dairy Sci , vol.75 , pp. 345-357
    • Tamminga, S.1
  • 50
    • 0031205567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and interpretation of nutrient digestion studies
    • Titgemeyer, E. C. 1997. Design and interpretation of nutrient digestion studies. J. Anim. Sci. 75:2235-2247.
    • (1997) J. Anim. Sci , vol.75 , pp. 2235-2247
    • Titgemeyer, E.C.1
  • 51
    • 0003419429 scopus 로고
    • Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes
    • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), EPA/600/4-79/020. Method 351.2 determination of total Kjeldahl nitrogen by semiautomated colorimetry, Rev. 2. USEPA Cincinnati, OH
    • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1983. Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes. EPA/600/4-79/020. Method 351.2 determination of total Kjeldahl nitrogen by semiautomated colorimetry. Rev. 2. USEPA Cincinnati, OH.
    • (1983)
  • 52
    • 84881267520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updates to the Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system v6.1 and implications for ration formulation
    • Feed Manufacturers, Syracruse, NY
    • Van Amburgh, M. E., L. E. Chase, T. R. Overton, D. A. Ross, E. B. Recktenwald, R. J. Higgs, and T. P. Tylutki. 2010. Updates to the Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system v6.1 and implications for ration formulation. In: Proc. Cornell Nutr. Conf. Feed Manufacturers, Syracruse, NY. p. 144-159
    • Proc. Cornell Nutr. Conf , pp. 144-159
    • van Amburgh, M.E.1    Chase, L.E.2    Overton, T.R.3    Ross, D.A.4    Recktenwald, E.B.5    Higgs, R.J.6    Tylutki, T.P.7
  • 53
    • 62149149915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dietary crude protein and supplemental urea levels on nitrogen and phosphorus utilization by feedlot cattle
    • Vasconcelos, J. T., N. A. Cole, K. W. McBride, A. Gueye, M. L. Galyean, C. R. Richardson, and L. W. Greene. 2009. Effects of dietary crude protein and supplemental urea levels on nitrogen and phosphorus utilization by feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 87:1174-1183.
    • (2009) J. Anim. Sci , vol.87 , pp. 1174-1183
    • Vasconcelos, J.T.1    Cole, N.A.2    McBride, K.W.3    Gueye, A.4    Galyean, M.L.5    Richardson, C.R.6    Greene, L.W.7
  • 54
    • 38249022154 scopus 로고
    • Volatilzation of ammonia from urea applied to soil: Influence of hippuric acid and other constituents of livestock urine
    • Whitehead, D. C., D. R. Lockyer, and N. Raistrick. 1989. Volatilzation of ammonia from urea applied to soil: influence of hippuric acid and other constituents of livestock urine. Soil Biol. Biochem. 21:803-808.
    • (1989) Soil Biol. Biochem , vol.21 , pp. 803-808
    • Whitehead, D.C.1    Lockyer, D.R.2    Raistrick, N.3
  • 55
    • 0002082157 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen in the excreta of dairy cattle: Changes during short-term storage
    • Whitehead, D. C., and N. Raistrick. 1993. Nitrogen in the excreta of dairy cattle: changes during short-term storage. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 121:73-81.
    • (1993) J. Agric. Sci. Camb , vol.121 , pp. 73-81
    • Whitehead, D.C.1    Raistrick, N.2
  • 56
    • 0001322472 scopus 로고
    • A rapid procedure for purine measurement and its use for estimating net ruminal protein synthesis
    • Zinn, R. A., and F. N. Owens. 1986. A rapid procedure for purine measurement and its use for estimating net ruminal protein synthesis. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 66:157-166.
    • (1986) Can. J. Anim. Sci , vol.66 , pp. 157-166
    • Zinn, R.A.1    Owens, F.N.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.