Crimes against humanity

International Criminal Law

Volumn 1, Issue , 2008, Pages 437-492

  Bassiouni, M Cherif ^a,b,c  

^a DEPAUL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b International Institute of Higher Studies in Criminal Sciences   (Italy)

^c Association Internationale Droit   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84882616139     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1163/ej.9789004165328.i-1086     Document Type: Chapter

References (38)

1. See M. Cherif Bassiouni, Crimes Against Humanity In International Criminal Law (2D Rev. Ed. 1999) [Hereinafter Bassiouni, Crimes Against Humanity], At Ch. 4.
2. See M. Cherif Bassiouni, "Crimes Against Humanity:" The Need For A Specialized Convention, 31 Colum. J. Transnat'l L. 457-94 (1994).
3. This Statement Is Quoted In The Armenian Memorandum Presented By The Greek Delegation To The 1919 Commission On Mar. 14, 1919, As Reproduced In Egon Schwelb, Crimes Against Humanity, 23 Brit. Y.B. Int'l L. 178, 181 (1946).
4. See Also James F. Willis, Prologue To Nuremberg: The Politics And Diplomacy Of Punishing War Criminals Of The First World War 27 (1982) (Citing Henry Morgenthau, Ambassador Morgenthau's Story 359).
5. See Vahakn Dadrian, For A Thorough Examination Of The Armenian Genocide Genocide As A Problem Of National And International Law: The World War I Armenian Case And Its Contemporary Legal Ramifications, Yale J. Int'l L. 221 (1989)
6. Of All The Conflicting And Contradictory Literature On The Subject, Including Many Turkish Publications Denying, Justifying Or Explaining What Happened, Dadrian's Article Is The Most Legally Convincing And From Other Accounts, The Closest To Historical Accuracy With Such Debated Facts. Vahakin Dadrian, The History Of The Armenian Genocide (1995)
7. Vahakin N. Dadrian, German Responsibility In The Armenian Genocide: A Review Of The Historical Evidence Of German Complicity (1996).
8. Since These Events, Turkey Has Taken A Consistently Opposing View, Claiming That The Government Had Nothing To Do With The Clashes Between The Armenian And Other Elements Of The Turkish Population. The Government Of Turkey Also Argued That The Popular Reaction Against The Armenians Was Due To The Fact That A Segment Of This Population Supported Czarist Russia At The Time Of War.
9. See Commission On The Responsibility Of The Authors Of The War And On Enforcement Of Penalties, Report Presented To The Preliminary Peace Conference, March 29, 1919, 14 Am. J. Int'l L. At 83 (1920) [Hereinafter 1919 Commission Report].
10. See Generally M. Cherif Bassiouni, A Functional Approach To A General Principles Of International Law, 11 Mich J. Int'l L. 768 (1990)
11. Bin Cheng, General Principles Of Law, As Applied By International Courts And Tribunals (1987)
12. Wolfgang Friedmann, The Uses Of "General Principles" In The Development Of International Law, 57 Am. J. Int'l L. 279 (1963)
13. Arnold D. Mcnair, The General Principles Of Law Recognized By Civilized Nations, 33 Brit. Y.B. Int'l L. 1 (1957).
14. See Memorandum Of Reservations Presented By The Representatives Of The United States To The Report Of The Commission On Responsibilities, Annex Ii, Apr. 4, 1919, Reprinted In 14 Am. J. Int'l L. 127, 144-51 (1920).
15. See August Von Knieriem, The Nuremberg Trials (Elizabeth D. Schmitt Trans., 1959), Part Iii.
16. United States V. Alstoetter (The Justice Case), In 3 Trials Of War Criminals Before The Nuremberg Military Tribunals Under Control Council Law No. 10 1063-81, 1213 (1951) [Hereinafter The Justice Case].
17. United Nations War Crimes Commission, History Of The United Nations War Crimes Commission And The Development Of The Laws Of War 178-79 (1948)
18. See M. Cherif Bassiouni, Draft International Criminal Code And Draft Statute For An International Criminal Tribunal (1987) [Hereinafter Bassiouni, Draft Code].
19. Draft Code Of Offences Against The Peace And Security Of Mankind, U.N. Gaor, 9Th Sess., Supp. No. 9, U.N. Doc. A/2691 (1954).
20. Draft Code Of Crimes Against The Peace And Security Of Mankind, Report Of The International Law Commission On Its Forty-Third Session, U.N. Gaor, 46Th Sess., Supp. No. 10, U.N. Doc. A/46/10 (1991).
21. Draft Code Of Crimes Against The Peace And Security Of Mankind: Titles And Articles On The Draft Code Of Crimes Against The Peace And Security Of Mankind Adopted By The International Law Commission On Its Fortyeight Session, U.N. Gaor, 51St Sess., U.N. Doc. A/Cn.41.532 (1996), Revised By U.N. Doc. A/Cn.4L.532/Corr. And U.N. Doc. A/Cn.4L.532/Corr.3.
22. See M. Cherif Bassiouni, Searching For Peace And Achieving Justice: The Need For Accountability, 59 Law & Contemp. Probs. 9 (1996).
23. See M. Cherif Bassiouni, International Criminal Law Conventions And Their Penal Provisions 15-44 (1997) [Hereinafter Bassiouni, Icl Conventions].
24. See M. Cherif Bassiouni, International Crimes: Jus Cogens And Obligatio Erga Omnes, 59 Law & Contemp. Prob. 63 (1996).
25. M. Cherif Bassiouni & Edward M. Wise, Aut Dedere Aut Judicare: The Duty To Extradite Or Prosecute In International Law (1995) [Hereinafter Aut Dedere Aut Judicare].
26. Robert Conquest, The Great Terror: Stalin's Purge Of The Thirties 529 (1968)
27. See Miron Dolot, Execution By Hunger: The Hidden Holocaust (1985)
28. See John J. Stremlau, The International Politics Of The Nigerian Civil War 1967-1970 (1977).
29. See Leo Kuper, Genocide: Its Political Use In The Twentieth Century 79 (1982)
30. See Generally Niall Mac-Dermot, Crimes Against Humanity In Bangladesh, 7 Int'l Law. 476 (1973).
31. See, E.G., Michael J. Bazyler, Reexamining The Doctrine Of Humanitarian Intervention In Light Of The Atrocities In Kampuchea And Ethiopia, 23 Stan. J. Int'l L. 547, 550 (1987)
32. Nancy Blodgett, Cambodia Case-Lawyer Wants Genocide Trial, 71 A.B.A. J. 31 (1985)
33. Hurst Hannum, International Law And Cambodian Genocide: The Sounds Of Silence, 11 Hum. Rts. Q. 82, 94 (1989)
34. International Commission Of Jurists, Human Rights In The World, 20 Icj Rev. 1, 6 (1978)
35. Kimmo Kiljunen, Kampuchea: Decade Of The Genocide (1984)
36. Gregory H. Stanton, Kampuchean Genocide And The World Court, 2 Conn. J. Int'l L. 341 (1987).
37. See Ozdemir A. Ozgur, Apartheid: The United Nations And Peaceful Change In South Africa (1982)
38. Joseph Lelyveld, Move Your Shadow: South Africa, Black And White (1985)