Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: A descriptive study

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

Volumn 13, Issue 9, 2013, Pages 752-761

  Assiri, Abdullah ^a   Al Tawfiq, Jaffar A ^b   Al Rabeeah, Abdullah A ^a   Al Rabiah, Fahad A ^c   Al Hajjar, Sami ^c   Al Barrak, Ali ^d   Flemban, Hesham ^d   Al Nassir, Wafa N ^e   Balkhy, Hanan H ^f   Al Hakeem, Rafat F ^a   Makhdoom, Hatem Q ^a   Zumla, Alimuddin I ^a,g,h   Memish, Ziad A ^a,i  

^a MINISTRY OF HEALTH   (Saudi Arabia)

^b DHAHRAN HEALTH CENTER   (Saudi Arabia)

^c KING FAISAL SPECIALIST HOSPITAL AND RESEARCH CENTER   (Saudi Arabia)

^d The General Directorate of Armed Forces Health Services   (Saudi Arabia)

^e KING ABDULLAH INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER   (Saudi Arabia)

^f KING SAUD BIN ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY FOR HEALTH SCIENCES   (Saudi Arabia)

^g UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^h UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON HOSPITALS   (United Kingdom)

ⁱ ALFAISAL UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; CHILL; CHRONIC DISEASE; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; CORONAVIRUS INFECTION; COUGHING; DEMOGRAPHY; DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIARRHEA; DYSPNEA; FATALITY; FEVER; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; HEART DISEASE; HYPERTENSION; IMAGE ANALYSIS; LYMPHOCYTOPENIA; MIDDLE EAST RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS DISEASE; MYALGIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RIGOR; SAUDI ARABIA; SEX DIFFERENCE; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; VOMITING;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASES; CHILD; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; CORONAVIRUS; CORONAVIRUS INFECTIONS; CROSS INFECTION; DIARRHEA; FEMALE; FEVER; HUMANS; L-LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; ODDS RATIO; SAUDI ARABIA; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84882598788     PISSN: 14733099     EISSN: 14744457     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70204-4     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Severe respiratory illness associated with a novel coronavirus: Saudi Arabia and Qatar, 2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2012, 61:820. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
2. Zaki AM, van Boheemen S, Bestebroer TM, Osterhaus AD, Fouchier RA Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia. N Engl J Med 2012, 367:1814-1820.
3. de Groot RJ, Baker SC, Baric RS, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): announcement of the Coronavirus Study Group. J Virol 2013, 87:7790-7792.
4. Global alert and response (GAR): Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)-update WHO, (accessed June 11, 2013). http://www.who.int/csr/don/2013_06_07/en/index.html.
5. Global alert and response (GAR): novel coronavirus summary and literature update WHO, (accessed July 12, 2013). http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/update_20130517/en/index.html.
6. Global alert and response (GAR): novel coronavirus infection-update (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) WHO, (accessed July 13, 2013). http://www.who.int/csr/don/2013_05_23_ncov/en/index.html.
7. Update: severe respiratory illness associated with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)-worldwide, 2012-2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2013, 62:480-483. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
8. Rapid risk assessment: update-severe respiratory disease associated with a novel coronavirus European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), (accessed June 10, 2013). http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/20121207-Novel-coronavirus-rapid-risk-assessment.pdf.
9. Epidemiological update: additional confirmed cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (novel coronavirus) in France, Saudi Arabia, and Tunisia European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), (accessed July 5, 2013). http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/press/news/lists/news/ecdc_dispform.aspx?list=32e43ee8%2de230%2d4424%2da783%2d85742124029a&id=921&rootfolder=%2fen%2fpress%2fnews%2flists.
10. Table: confirmed cases of Middle East coronavirus infection reported in Europe (n=11 of 53 cases reported worldwide) European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), (accessed July 18, 2013). http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/Documents/Novel-coronavirus-cases-table.pdf.
11. AlBarrak AM, Stephens GM, Hewson R, Memish ZA Recovery from severe novel coronavirus infection. Saudi Med J 2012, 33:1265-1269.
12. Memish ZA, Zumla AI, Al-Hakeem RF, Al-Rabeeah AA, Stephens GM Family cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections. N Engl J Med 2013, 368:2487-2494.
13. Assiri A, McGeer A, Perl TM, et al. Hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. N Engl J Med 2013, published online June 19. 10.1056/NEJMoa1306742.
14. Hijawi B, Abdallat M, Sayaydeh A, et al. Novel coronavirus infections in Jordan, April 2012: epidemiological findings from a retrospective investigation. East Mediterr Health J 2013, 19(suppl 1):S12-S18.
15. Bermingham A, Chand MA, Brown CS, et al. Severe respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus, in a patient transferred to the United Kingdom from the Middle East, September 2012. Euro Surveill 2012, 17:20290.
16. Evidence of person-to-person transmission within a family cluster of novel coronavirus infections, United Kingdom, February 2013. Euro Surveill 2013, 18:20427. Health Protection Agency (HPA) UK Novel Coronavirus Investigation team.
17. Mailles A, Blanckaert K, Chaud P, et al. First cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in France, investigations and implications for the prevention of human-to-human transmission, France, May 2013. Euro Surveill 2013, 18:20502.
18. Guery B, Poissy J, el Mansouf L, et al. Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a report of nosocomial transmission. Lancet 2013, 381:2265-2272. and the MERS-CoV study group.
19. Buchholz U, Müller MA, Nitsche A, et al. Contact investigation of a case of human novel coronavirus infection treated in a German hospital, October-November 2012. Euro Surveill 2013, 18:20406.
20. Drosten C, Seilmaier M, Corman VM, et al. Clinical features and virological analysis of a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. Lancet Infect Dis 2013, published online June 17. 10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70154-3.
21. MERS-CoV-Eastern Mediterranean (16): Italy ex Jordan, contact cases June 2, 2013, ProMED-mail, WHO, (accessed July 18, 2013). http://www.promedmail.org/direct.php?id=20130602.1750425.
22. MERS-CoV-Eastern Mediterranean (07): Tunisia ex Saudi Arabia/Qatar, fatal May 22, 2013, ProMED-mail, WHO, (accessed July 18, 2013). http://www.promedmail.org/direct.php?id=20130522.1730663.
23. Corman VM, Eckerle I, Bleicker T, et al. Detection of a novel human coronavirus by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Euro Surveill 2012, 17:20285.
24. Corman VM, Müller MA, Costabel U, et al. Assays for laboratory confirmation of novel human coronavirus (hCoV-EMC) infections. Euro Surveill 2012, 17:20334.
25. Global alert and response (GAR): Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)-update WHO, (accessed July 22, 2013). http://www.who.int/csr/don/2013_07_21/en/index.html.
26. Alqurashi KA, Aljabri KS, Bokhari SA Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in a Saudi community. Ann Saudi Med 2011, 31:19-23.
27. Leung GM, Hedley AJ, Ho LM, et al. The epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome in the 2003 Hong Kong epidemic: an analysis of all 1755 patients. Ann Intern Med 2004, 141:662-673.
28. Hui DS, Chan PK Severe acute respiratory syndrome and coronavirus. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2010, 24:619-638.
29. Lee N, Hui DS, Wu A, et al. A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. N Engl J Med 2003, 348:1986-1994.
30. Fan CK, Yieh KM, Peng MY, Lin JC, Wang NC, Chang FY Clinical and laboratory features in the early stage of severe acute respiratory syndrome. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2006, 39:45-53.
31. Booth CM, Matukas M, Tomlinson GA, et al. Clinical features and short-term outcomes of 144 patients with SARS in the greater Toronto area. JAMA 2003, 289:2801-2809.
32. Rainer TH, Lee N, Ip M, et al. Features discriminating SARS from other severe viral respiratory tract infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2007, 26:121-129.
33. Liu CL, Lu YT, Peng MJ, et al. Clinical and laboratory features of severe acute respiratory syndrome vis-a-vis onset of fever. Chest 2004, 126:509-517.
34. Christian MD, Poutanen SM, Loutfy MR, Muller MP, Low DE Severe acute respiratory syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 2004, 38:1420-1427.
35. Bauch CT, Oraby T Assessing the pandemic potential of MERS-CoV. Lancet 2013, published online July 5. 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61504-4.
36. Cauchemez S, Van Kerkhove M, Riley S, Donnelly C, Fraser C, Ferguson N Transmission scenarios for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and how to tell them apart. Euro Surveill 2013, 18:20503.
37. Breban R, Riou J, Fontanet A Interhuman transmissibility of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: estimation of pandemic risk. Lancet 2013, published online July 5. 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61492-0.
38. Maunder RG, Lancee WJ, Balderson KE, et al. Long-term psychological and occupational effects of providing hospital healthcare during SARS outbreak. Emerg Infect Dis 2006, 12:1924-1932.
39. Zumla A, Gant V, Bates M, Mwaba P, Maeurer M, Memish ZA Rapid diagnostics urgently needed for killer infections. Lancet Resp Med 2013, 1:284-285.
40. Palm D, Pereyaslov D, Vaz J, et al. Laboratory capability for molecular detection and confirmation of novel coronavirus in Europe, November 2012. Euro Surveill 2012, 17:20335. on behalf of the Joint ECDC-WHO Regional Office for Europe Novel Coronavirus Laboratory Survey participants, ECDC National Microbiology Focal PointsECDC National Microbiology Focal Points, WHO European Region EuroFlu NetworkWHO European Region EuroFlu Network, European Network for Diagnostics of "Imported" Viral Diseases (ENIVD)European Network for Diagnostics of "Imported" Viral Diseases (ENIVD).