Glucose Monitoring of the Present and Future

Clinical Diabetes

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 442-457

  Garg, Satish K ^a,b,c   Sharp, Leita C ^c   Stults, Mary E ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b CHILDREN S HOSPITAL COLORADO   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84882551585     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-4160-0273-4.50038-2     Document Type: Chapter

References (78)

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Diabetes Fact Sheet. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/estimates.htm.
2. McCarthy D, Simmet P Diabetes 1994-2010: Global Estimates and Projections 1994, International Diabetes Institute, Melbourne.
3. Valle T, Tuomilehto J, Eriksson J Epidemiology of NIDDM in Europoids. International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus 1997, 125-142. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK. 2nd ed. K.G.M.M. Alberti, P. Zimmet, R.A. DeFronzo (Eds.).
4. National Institutes of Health. http://www.niddk.nih.gov.
5. Narayan KM, Boyle JP, Thompson TJ, et al. Lifetime risk for diabetes mellitus in the United States. JAMA 2003, 290:1884-1889.
6. Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2002. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:917. American Diabetes Association.
7. Plutzky J Emerging concepts in metabolic abnormalities associated with coronary artery disease. Curr Opin Cardiol 2000, 15:416-421.
8. Zhang P, Engelgau MM, Valdez R, et al. Costs of screening for pre-diabetes among US adults. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:2536-2542.
9. Weiss R, Dufour S, Taksali SE, et al. Prediabetes in obese youth: A syndrome of impaired glucose tolerance, severe insulin resistance, and altered myocellular and abdominal fat partitioning. Lancet 2003, 362:951-957.
10. Haffner S Pre-diabetes, insulin resistance, inflammation and CVD risk. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2003, 61(suppl 1):S9-S18.
11. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993, 329:977. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group.
12. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 1998, 352:837. UK Prospective Diabetes Group.
13. Ohkubo Y, Kishikawa H, Araki E, et al. Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: A randomized prospective six year study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1995, 28:103-117.
14. Liu K, Greenland P, Lowe L, et al. Diabetes, asymptomatic hyperglycemia, and 22-year mortality in black and white men. The Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry Study. Diabetes Care 1997, 20:163-169.
15. Hanefeld M, Fischer S, Julius U, et al. Risk factors for myocardial infarction and death in newly detected NIDDM: The Diabetes Intervention Study, 11-year follow-up. Diabetologia 1996, 39:1577-1583.
16. Garg SK, Potts RO, Ackerman NR, et al. Correlation of fingerstick blood glucose measurements with GlucoWatch Biographer: Glucose results in young subjects with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1999, 22:1708-1714.
17. Hemocue Glucose systems. http://www.hemocue.com/hemocueus/sida_20.asp.
18. Koschinsky T, Jungheim K, Heinemann L Glucose sensors and the alternate site testing-like phenomenon: Relationship between rapid blood glucose changes and glucose sensor signals. Diabetes Technol Ther 2003, 5:829-842.
19. Ellison JM, Stegmann JM, Colner SL, et al. Rapid changes in postprandial blood glucose produce concentration differences at fingertip, forearm and thigh sampling sites. Diabetes Care 2002, 25:961-964.
20. Cecil Textbook of Medicine 2000, 611-612. WB Saunders, Philadelphia. 21st ed. L. Goldman, J.C. Bennet (Eds.).
21. Clinical practice recommendations. Diabetes Care 2004, 27(suppl 1):S91-S93. American Diabetes Association.
22. Bunn H, Haney DN, Kamin S, et al. The biosynthesis of human hemoglobin A1c. J Clin Invest 1976, 57:1652-1659.
23. Fluckiger R, Winterhalter K In vitro synthesis of hemoglobin A1c. FEBS Lett 1976, 71:356-360.
24. Beach K A theoretical model to predict the behavior of glycated hemoglobin levels. J Theor Biol 1979, 81:547-561.
25. Higgins P, Bunn F Kinetic analysis of the nonenzymatic glycation of hemoglobin. J Biol Chem 1981, 256:5204-5208.
26. Derr R, Garrett E, Stacy GA, Saudek CD Is HbA(1c) affected by glycemic instability?. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:2728-2733.
27. Li W, Shen S, Khatami M, Rockey JH Stimulation of retinal capillary pericyte protein and collagen synthesis in culture by high glucose concentration. Diabetes 1984, 33:785-789.
28. Sushil J Hyperglycemia can cause membrane lipid peroxidation and osmotic fragility in human red blood cells. The J Biol Chem 1989, 264:21340-21345.
29. Cerami A, Stevens V, Monnier V Non-enzymatic glycosylation, sulfhydryl oxidation and aggregation of lens proteins in experimental sugar cataracts. Metabolism 1979, 28:431-440.
30. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 2001, McGraw-Hill, NY. 15th edition. E. Braunwald, A.S. Fauce, D.L. Kasper (Eds.).
31. 1c in human blood and the national standardization schemes in the United States, Japan, and Sweden: A method-comparison study. Clin Chem 2004, 50:166-174.
32. Miller CD, Barnes CS, Phillips LS, et al. Rapid A1c availability improves clinical decision-making in an urban primary care clinic. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:1158-1163.
33. Little RR, Rohlfing CL, Wiedmeyer HM, et al. The national glycohemoglobin standardization program: A five-year progress report. Clin Chem 2001, 47:1985-1992. the NGSP Steering Committee.
34. Koenig R, Peterson CM, Jones RL, et al. Correlation of glucose regulation and hemoglobin A1c in diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1976, 295:417-420.
35. Stevens R, Stratton I, Holman R UKPDS58: Modeling glucose exposure as a risk factor for photocoagulation in type 2 diabetes. J Diabet Complications 2002, 16:371-376.
36. Retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes four years after a trial of intensive therapy. N Engl J Med. N Engl J Med 2000, 342:1376-1389. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group, Erratum.
37. Armbruster D Fructosamine: Structure, analysis and clinical usefulness. Clin Chem 1987, 33:2153-2163.
38. Gebhart SS, Wheaton RN, Mullins RE, Austin GE A comparison of home glucose monitoring with determination of HbA1c, total glycoHb, fructosamine, and random serum glucose in diabetic patients. Arch Intern Med 1991, 151:1133-1137.
39. Edelman S Does measuring fructosamine help patients with diabetes. Eff Clin Pract 2001, 4:189-190.
40. Austin GE, Wheaton R, Nanes MS, et al. Usefulness of fructosamine for monitoring outpatients with diabetes. Am J Med Sci 1999, 318:316-323.
41. Cohen RM, Holmes YR, Chenier TC, Joiner CH Discordance between HbA1c and fructosamine. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:163-167.
42. Wahid ST, Sultan J, Handley G, et al. Serum fructosamine as a marker of 5-year risk of developing diabetes mellitus in patients exhibiting stress hyperglycaemia. Diabet Med 2002, 19:543-548.
43. McCarthy D, Simmet P Diabetes 1994 to 2010: Global estimates and projections 1994, International Diabetes Institute, Melbourne.
44. Cryer PE Glucose homeostasis and hypoglycemia. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology 2002, 1589-1591. WB Saunders, Philadelphia. 10th ed. P.R. Larsen, H.M. Kronenberg, S. Melmed, K.S. Polonsky (Eds.).
45. MacDonald MJ Postexercise late-onset hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 1987, 10(5):584-588.
46. Weiland D, White R Diabetes mellitus: Review article. Clin Fam Pract 2002, 4:703-752.
47. Bendtson I, Gade J, Theilgaard A, Binder C Cognitive function in type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetic patients after nocturnal hypoglycaemia. Diabetologia 1992, 35:898-903.
48. King P, Kong MF, Parkin H, et al. Well-being, cerebral function, and physical fatigue after nocturnal hypoglycemia in IDDM. Diabetes Care 1998, 21:341-345.
49. Veneman T, Mitrakou A, Mokan M, et al. Induction of hypoglycemia unawareness by asymptomatic nocturnal hypoglycemia. Diabetes 1993, 42:1233-1237.
50. Fanelli CG, Paramore DS, Hershey T, et al. Impact of nocturnal hypoglycemia on hypoglycemic cognitive dysfunction in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 1998, 47:1920-1927.
51. Cryer P Iatrogenic hypoglycemia as a cause of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in IDDM. A vicious cycle. Diabetes 1992, 41:255-260.
52. Chase HP, Kim LM, Owen SL, et al. Continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring in children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatrics 2001, 107:222-226.
53. Kerr D Continuous blood glucose monitoring: Detection and prevention of hypoglycaemia. Int J Clin Pract 2001, 123(suppl):43-46.
54. Ludvigsson J, Hanas R Continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring improved metabolic control in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes: A controlled crossover study. Pediatrics 2003, 111:933-938.
55. Gross T, Bode B, Einhorn D Performance evaluation of the MiniMed continuous glucose monitoring system during patient home use. Diabetes Technol Ther 2000, 2:49-56.
56. Salardi S, Zucchini S, Santoni R, et al. The glucose area under the profiles obtained with continuous glucose monitoring system relationships with HbA(1c) in pediatric type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2002, 25:1840-1844.
57. Guerci B, Floriot M, Bohme P, et al. Clinical performance of CGMS in type 1 diabetic patients treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion using insulin analogs. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:582-589.
58. Amin R, Ross K, Acerini CL, et al. Hypoglycemia prevalence in prepubertal children with type 1 diabetes on standard insulin regimen: Use of continuous glucose monitoring system. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:662-667.
59. Caplin N, O'Leary P, Bulsara M, et al. Subcutaneous glucose sensor values closely parallel blood glucose during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. Diabet Med 2003, 20:238-241.
60. Schaffini R, Ciampalini P, Fierabracci A, et al. The Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) in type 1 diabetic children is the way to reduce hypoglycemic risk. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2002, 18:324-329.
61. Tierney MJ, Tamada JA, Potts RO Clinical evaluation of the GlucoWatch Biographer: a continual, non-invasive glucose monitor for patients with diabetes. Biosens Bioelectron 2000, 16:621-629.
62. Garg SK, Hoff HK, Chase HP The role of continuous glucose sensors in diabetes care. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2004, 33:163-173. x-xi.
63. Garg SK, Chase P, Fermi SJ, et al. Evaluation of GlucoWatch Biographer performance during continuous daily wear for six weeks. Diabetes 2000, 49(suppl 1):A107.
64. Garg S, Potts RO, Ackerman NR, et al. Correlation of finger-stick blood glucose measurement with GlucoWatch Biographer glucose results in young subjects with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1999, 22:1708-1714.
65. Tierney M, Garg S, Ackerman N, et al. Effect of acetaminophen on the accuracy of glucose measurements obtained with the GlucoWatch Biographer. Diabetes Technol Ther 2000, 2:199-207.
66. Tamada J, Garg S, Jovanovic L, et al. Noninvasive glucose monitoring: Comprehensive clinical results. Cygnus Research Team. JAMA 1999, 282:1839-1844.
67. Chase HP, Roberts MD, Wightman C, et al. Use of the GlucoWatch Biographer in children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatrics 2003, 111:790-794.
68. Garg S, Schwartz S, Edelman S Improved glucose excursions using an implantable real-time continuous implanted glucose sensor in adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004, 27:734-738.
69. Edelman S, Scott RS, Morrison Z, et al. Early detection of hyper- and hypoglycemic excursions in subjects with Type 1 diabetes using a long-term continuous glucose sensor. Diabetologia 2004, 47(suppl 1):A309.
70. Kovatchev B, Gonder-Frederick LA, Cox DJ, Clarke WL Evaluating accuracy of continuous glucose-monitoring sensors: Continuous glucose-error grid analysis illustrated by Freestyle Navigator data. Diabetes Care 2004, 27:1922-1928.
71. Clarke W, Cox D, Gonder-Frederick LA, et al. Evaluating clinical accuracy of systems for self-monitoring of blood glucose. Diabetes Care 1987, 10:622-628.
72. Monfre S, Hazen KH, Fischer JS, et al. Physiologic differences between volar and dorsal capillary forearm glucose concentrations and fingerstick glucose concentrations in diabetes. Diabetes 2002, 51(suppl 2):A125.
73. Garg SK, Fischer JS, Ruchti TL, et al. Calibration breakthrough for near-infrared, non-invasive blood glucose monitoring. Diabetes 2002, 51(suppl 2):A122.
74. Forst T, Pfutzner A, Forst S, et al. Accuracy of the non-invasive glucose monitoring device Pendra compared to alternative site testing at the lower forearm during dynamic blood glucose changes in type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes 2004, 53(supplement 2):A102.
75. Caduff A, Hirt E, Feldman Y, et al. First human experiments with a novel non-invasive, non-optical continuous glucose monitoring system. Biosens Bioelectron 2003, 19:209-217.
76. Caduff A, Dewarrat R, Schrepfer T, et al: Monitoring of Hypoglycemic and Hyperglycemic Excursions in Patients with Diabetes with a Non-invasive, Continuous Glucose Monitoring System. Retrieved October 1, 2004 from. http://www.pendramed.ru/downloads/Abstract_DTM_03_San_Francisco_Hypo_Hyp er_Study_Profil.pdf.
77. Larin KV, Eledrisi MS, Motamedi M, Esenaliev RO Noninvasive blood glucose monitoring with optical coherence tomography: A pilot study in human subjects. Diabetes Care 2002, 25:2263-2267.
78. McShane ML Potential for glucose monitoring with nano-engineered fluorescent biosensors. Diabetes Technol Ther 2002, 4:533-558.