Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers: Evidence for and against the combination in the treatment of hypertension and proteinuria

Current Hypertension Reports

Volumn 4, Issue 5, 2002, Pages 394-402

  Andersen, Niels Holmark ^a   Mogensen, Carl Erik ^a  

^a AARHUS UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR;

BLOOD PRESSURE; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY; DRUG ANTAGONISM; DRUG COMBINATION; DRUG EFFECT; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; PROTEINURIA; REVIEW;

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; BLOOD PRESSURE; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHIES; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; PROTEINURIA; RECEPTORS, ANGIOTENSIN;

EID: 84882488037     PISSN: 15226417     EISSN: 15343111     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-002-0070-x     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Mogensen CE: ACE inhibitors and antihypertensive treatment in diabetes: focus on microalbuminuria and macrovascular disease. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2000, 1: 234-239.
2. Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, et al.: Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001, 345: 851-860.
3. Parving HH, Lehnert H, Brochner-Mortensen J, et al.: The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001, 345: 870-878.
4. Lindholm LH, Ibsen H, Dahlof B, et al.: Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002, 359: 1004-1010.
5. Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, et al.: Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002, 359: 995-1003.
6. Kagami S, Border WA, Miller DE, Noble NA: Angiotensin II stimulates extracellular matrix protein synthesis through induction of transforming growth factor-beta expression in rat glomerular mesangial cells. J Clin Invest 1994, 93: 2431-2437.
7. Greene EL, Kren S, Hostetter TH: Role of aldosterone in the remnant kidney model in the rat. J Clin Invest 1996, 98: 1063-1068.
8. van den Meiracker AH, Man in 't Veld AJ, Admiraal PJ, et al.: Partial escape of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition during prolonged ACE inhibitor treatment: does it exist and does it affect the antihypertensive response? J Hypertens 1992, 10: 803-812.
9. Balcells E, Meng QC, Johnson WH Jr, et al.: Angiotensin II formation from ACE and chymase in human and animal hearts: methods and species considerations. Am J Physiol 1997, 273: H1769-H1774.
10. Ihara M, Urata H, Kinoshita A, et al.: Increased chymase-dependent angiotensin II formation in human atherosclerotic aorta. Hypertension 1999, 33: 1399-1405.
11. Hollenberg NK, Fisher ND, Price DA: Pathways for angiotensin II generation in intact human tissue: evidence from comparative pharmacological interruption of the renin system. Hypertension 1998, 32: 387-392.
12. MacFadyen RJ, Lees KR, Reid JL: Tissue and plasma angiotensin converting enzyme and the response to ACE inhibitor drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991, 31: 1-13.
13. Dzau VJ, Re R: Tissue angiotensin system in cardiovascular medicine. A paradigm shift? Circulation 1994, 89: 493-498.
14. Rakugi H, Wang DS, Dzau VJ, Pratt RE: Potential importance of tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in preventing neointima formation. Circulation 1994, 90: 449-455.
15. Burnier M, Maillard M: The comparative pharmacology of angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Blood Press 2001, 10 (Suppl 1): 6-11.
16. Burnier M, Brunner HR: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Lancet 2000, 355: 637-645.
17. Burnier M: Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers. Circulation 2001, 103: 904-912.
18. Nio Y, Matsubara H, Murasawa S, et al.: Regulation of gene transcription of angiotensin II receptor subtypes in myocardial infarction. J Clin Invest 1995, 95: 46-54.
19. Ohkubo N, Matsubara H, Nozawa Y, et al.: Angiotensin type 2 receptors are reexpressed by cardiac fibroblasts from failing myopathic hamster hearts and inhibit cell growth and fibrillar collagen metabolism. Circulation 1997, 96: 3954-3962.
20. Janiak P, Pillon A, Prost JF, Vilaine JP: Role of angiotensin subtype 2 receptor in neointima formation after vascular injury. Hypertension 1992, 20: 737-745.
21. Hilgers KF, Mann JF: ACE Inhibitors versus AT(1) Receptor Antagonists in Patients with Chronic Renal Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002, 13: 1100-1108.
22. Azizi M, Chatellier G, Guyene TT, et al.: Additive effects of combined angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II antagonism on blood pressure and renin release in sodium-depleted normotensives. Circulation 1995, 92: 825-834.
23. Azizi M, Guyene TT, Chatellier G, Menard J: Pharmacological demonstration of the additive effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II antagonism in sodium depleted healthy subjects. Clin Exp Hypertens 1997, 19: 937-951.
24. Azizi M, Guyene TT, Chatellier G, et al.: Additive effects of losartan and enalapril on blood pressure and plasma active renin. Hypertension 1997, 29: 634-640.
25. Azizi M, Linhart A, Alexander J, et al.: Pilot study of combined blockade of the renin-angiotensin system in essential hypertensive patients. J Hypertens 2000, 18: 1139-1147.
26. Weir MR, Weber MA, Neutel JM, et al.: Efficacy of candesartan cilexetil as add-on therapy in hypertensive patients uncontrolled on background therapy: a clinical experience trial. ACTION Study Investigators. Am J Hypertens 2001, 14: 567-572.
27. Fagard R, Lijnen P, Pardaens K, et al.: A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study of losartan and enalapril in patients with essential hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2001, 15: 161-167.
28. Delles C, Jacobi J, John S, et al.: Effects of enalapril and eprosartan on the renal vascular nitric oxide system in human essential hypertension. Kidney Int 2002, 61: 1462-1468.
29. Stergiou GS, Skeva II, Baibas NM, et al.: Additive hypotensive effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin-receptor antagonism in essential hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2000, 35: 937-941.
30. Hebert LA, Falkenhain ME, Nahman NS Jr, et al.: Combination ACE inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor antagonist therapy in diabetic nephropathy. Am J Nephrol 1999, 19: 1-6.
31. Rossing K, Christensen PK, Jensen BR, Parving HH: Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system in diabetic nephropathy: a randomized double-blind crossover study. Diabetes Care 2002, 25: 95-100.
32. Agarwal R: Add-on angiotensin receptor blockade with maximized ACE inhibition. Kidney Int 2001, 59: 2282-2289.
33. Agarwal R, Siva S, Dunn SR, Sharma K: Add-on angiotensin II receptor blockade lowers urinary transforming growth factor-beta levels. Am J Kidney Dis 2002, 39: 486-492.
34. Mogensen CE, Neldam S, Tikkanen I, et al: Randomised controlled trial of dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system in patients with hypertension, microalbuminuria, and non-insulin dependent diabetes: the candesartan and lisinopril microalbuminuria (CALM) study. BMJ 2000, 321: 1440-1444.
35. Russo D, Minutolo R, Pisani A, et al.: Coadministration of losartan and enalapril exerts additive antiproteinuric effect in IgA nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis 2001, 38: 18-25.
36. Woo KT, Lau YK, Wong KS, Chiang GS: ACEI/ATRA therapy decreases proteinuria by improving glomerular permselectivity in IgA nephritis. Kidney Int 2000, 58: 2485-2491.
37. Ferrari P, Marti HP, Pfister M, Frey FJ: Additive antiproteinuric effect of combined ACE inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockade. J Hypertens 2002, 20: 125-130.
38. Berger ED, Bader BD, Ebert C, et al.: Reduction of proteinuria; combined effects of receptor blockade and low dose angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. J Hypertens 2002, 20: 739-743.
39. Kincaid-Smith P, Fairley K, Packham D: Randomized controlled crossover study of the effect on proteinuria and blood pressure of adding an angiotensin II receptor antagonist to an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor in normotensive patients with chronic renal disease and proteinuria. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002, 17: 597-601.
40. Ruilope LM, Aldigier JC, Ponticelli C, et al.: Safety of the combination of valsartan and benazepril in patients with chronic renal disease. European Group for the Investigation of Valsartan in Chronic Renal Disease. J Hypertens 2000, 18: 89-95.
41. Nakao N, Takada M, Yoshimura A, Ideura T: Combination therapy of ACE inhibitor and A-II receptor blocker more powerfully retards progression of non-diabetic renal failure than monotherapy of each drug. A multicenter, four year double blind randomised trial in Japan. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001, 12: 231-231.
42. Andersen NH, Mogensen CE: Inhibition of the renin-angio-tensin system, with particular reference to dual blockade treatment. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2001, 2: 146-152.
43. Rennie D: How to report randomized controlled trials. The CONSORT statement. JAMA 1996, 276: 649.