Long-term effects on cognitive function of postmenopausal hormone therapy prescribed to women aged 50 to 55 years

JAMA Internal Medicine

Volumn 173, Issue 15, 2013, Pages 1429-1436

  Espeland, Mark A ^a   Shumaker, Sally A ^a   Leng, Iris ^a   Manson, Joann E ^b   Brown, Candice M ^a   LeBlanc, Erin S ^c   Vaughan, Leslie ^a   Robinson, Jennifer ^d   Rapp, Stephen R ^a   Goveas, Joseph S ^e   Lane, Dorothy ^f   Wactawski Wende, Jean ^g   Stefanick, Marcia L ^h   Li, Wenjun ⁱ   Resnick, Susan M ^j  

^a WAKE FOREST SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c CENTER FOR HEALTH RESEARCH   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

^e MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

^f STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO   (United States)

^h STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^j NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONJUGATED ESTROGEN; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; PLACEBO;

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; APTITUDE TEST; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG EFFECT; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HYSTERECTOMY; LONG TERM CARE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MEDICAL STAFF; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; POSTMENOPAUSE; PRESCRIPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; SIDE EFFECT; TELEPHONE; VERBAL COMMUNICATION; VERBAL MEMORY; WORKING MEMORY;

EID: 84882273864     PISSN: 21686106     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.7727     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Rapp SR, Espeland MA, Shumaker SA, et al; WHIMS Investigators. Effect of estrogen plus progestin on global cognitive function in postmenopausal women: theWomen's Health Initiative Memory Study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2003;289(20):2663-2672.
2. Espeland MA, Rapp SR, Shumaker SA, et al; Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. Conjugated equine estrogens and global cognitive function in postmenopausal women:Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. JAMA. 2004;291(24):2959-2968.
3. Espeland MA, Brunner RL, Hogan PE, et al; Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging Study Group. Long-term effects of conjugated equine estrogen therapies on domain-specific cognitive function: results from theWomen's Health Initiative study of cognitive aging extension. J AmGeriatr Soc. 2010;58(7):1263-1271.
4. Resnick SR, Espeland MA, Jaramillo SA, et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and regional brain volumes: the WHIMS-MRI Study. Neurology. 2009;72(2):135-142.
5. Espeland MA, Tindle HA, Bushnell CA, et al; Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. Brain volumes, cognitive impairment, and conjugated equine estrogens. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009;64(12):1243-1250.
6. Henderson VW, Benke KS, Green RC, Cupples LA, Farrer LA; MIRAGE Study Group. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and Alzheimer's disease risk: interaction with age. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76(1):103-105.
7. Whitmer RA, Quesenberry CP, Zhou J, Yaffe K. Timing of hormone therapy and dementia: the critical window theory revisited. Ann Neurol. 2011;69(1):163-169.
8. Shao H, Breitner JCS, Whitmer RA, et al; Cache County Investigators. Hormone therapy and Alzheimer disease dementia: new findings from the Cache County Study. Neurology. 2012;79(18): 1846-1852.
9. Daniel JM, Bohacek J. The critical period hypothesis of estrogen effects on cognition: insights from basic research. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010;1800(10):1068-1076.
10. Barrett-Connor E, Laughlin GA. Endogenous and exogenous estrogen, cognitive function, and dementia in postmenopausal women: evidence from epidemiologic studies and clinical trials. Semin Reprod Med. 2009;27(3):275-282.
11. Hogervorst E, Bandelow S. Sex steroids to maintain cognitive function in women after the menopause: ameta-analyses of treatment trials. Maturitas. 2010;66(1):56-71.
12. Taylor HS, Manson JE. Update in hormone therapy use in menopause. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(2):255-264.
13. TheWomen's Health Initiative Study Group. Design of theWomen's Health Initiative clinical trial and observational study. Control Clin Trials. 1998;19(1):61-109.
14. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al; Writing Group for theWomen's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from theWomen's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288(3):321-333.
15. Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR, et al; Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;291(14):1701-1712.
16. Rapp SR, Legault C, Espeland MA, et al; CAT Study Group. Validation of a cognitive assessment battery administered over the telephone. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60(9):1616-1623.
17. de Jager CA, Budge MM, Clarke R. Utility of TICS-M for the assessment of cognitive function in older adults. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2003;18(4): 318-324.
18. Shumaker SA, Reboussin BA, Espeland MA, et al. TheWomen's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS): a trial of the effect of estrogen therapy in preventing and slowing the progression of dementia. Control Clin Trials. 1998;19(6):604-621.
19. AlbertM, Smith LA, Scherr PA, Taylor JO, Evans DA, Funkenstein HH. Use of brief cognitive tests to identify individuals in the community with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease. Int J Neurosci. 1991;57(3-4):167-178.
20. Reitan R. Trail Making Test: Manual for Administration and Scoring. Tucson, AZ: Reitan Neuropsychological Laboratory; 1975.
21. MrazikM,Millis S, Drane DL. The oral trail making test: effects of age and concurrent validity. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2010;25(3):236-243.
22. Benton A. Differential behavioral effects in frontal lobe disease. Neuropsychologia. 1968;6: 53-60.
23. Wechsler D. Manual for theWechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-RevisedWAIS-R. New York, NY: Psychological Corporation; 1981.
24. Littell RC, Milliken GA, StroupWW,Wolfinger RD. SAS Systemfor Mixed Models. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, Inc; 1996.
25. Delis DC, Kramer J, Kaplan E. The California Verbal Learning Test. New York, NY: The Psychological Corporation; 1987.
26. Ryan J, Carrière I, Scali J, Ritchie K, Ancelin ML. Life-time estrogen exposure and cognitive functioning in later life. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009;34(2):287-298.
27. Kang JH, Grodstein F. Postmenopausal hormone therapy, timing of initiation, APOE and cognitive decline. Neurobiol Aging. 2012;33(7):1129-1137.
28. Almeida OP, Lautenschlager NT, Vasikaran S, Leedman P, Gelavis A, Flicker L. A 20-week randomized controlled trial of estradiol replacement therapy for women aged 70 years and older: effect on mood, cognition and quality of life. Neurobiol Aging. 2006;27(1):141-149.
29. Grady D, Yaffe K, KristofM, Lin F, Richards C, Barrett-Connor E. Effect of postmenopausal hormone therapy on cognitive function: the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study. Am J Med. 2002;113(7):543-548.
30. Laughlin GA, Kritz-Silverstein D, Barrett-Connor E. Endogenous oestrogens predict 4-year decline in verbal fluency in postmenopausal women: the Rancho Bernardo Study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2010;72(1):99-106.
31. RoccaWA, Grossardt BR, Shuster LT, Stewart EA. Hysterectomy, oophorectomy, estrogen, and the risk of dementia. Neurodegener Dis. 2012;10(1-4):175-178.
32. Sherwin BB. Estrogen and cognitive aging in women. Neuroscience. 2006;138(3):1021-1026.
33. Evans DA, Grodstein F, Loewenstein D, Kaye J, Weintraub S. Reducing case ascertainment costs in U.S. population studies of Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and cognitive impairment-Part 2. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(1):110-123.
34. Shumaker SA, Legault C, Kuller L, et al; Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. Conjugated equine estrogens and incidence of probable dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women:Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. JAMA. 2004;291(24): 2947-2958.
35. Espeland MA, Pettinger M, Falkner KL, et al Demographic and health factors associated with enrollment in posttrial studies: TheWomen's Health Initiative Hormone Therapy trials [published online March 12, 2013]. Clin Trials. doi:10.1177/1740774513477931.