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Volumn 61, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 607-697

Fear of the queer child

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EID: 84882264318     PISSN: 00239356     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (25)

References (251)
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    • See Michael Boucai, Sexual Liberty and Same-Sex Marriage: An Argument from Bisexuality, 49 SAN DIEGO L. REV. 415, 473-74, 481 (2012) (arguing that opposition to gay rights is premised upon the goal of "containment" and that advocates prefer to rebut this goal "with empirical rather than normative arguments").
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    • Changing immutable
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    • Cf. Perry, 704 F. Supp. 2d at 1003 (citing testimony of historian George Chauncey to place Proposition campaign advertisements about children turning homosexual into "historical context as echoing messages from previous campaigns to enact legal measures to disadvantage gays and lesbians").
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    • Minor Disregard: The Legal Construction of the Fantasy That Gay and Lesbian Youth do Not Exist
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    • See Teemu Ruskola, Minor Disregard: The Legal Construction of the Fantasy that Gay and Lesbian Youth Do Not Exist, 8 Yale J. L. & Feminism 269, 270 (1996).
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    • See Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, How To Bring Your Kids Up Gay, 29 Soc. Text 18, 23 (1993) [hereinafter Sedgwick, How To Bring Your Kids Up Gay] ("There are many people in the worlds we inhabit, and these psychiatrists are unmistakably among them, who have a strong interest in the dignified treatment of any gay people who may happen already to exist. But the number of persons or institutions by whom the existence of gay people is treated as a precious desideratum, a needed condition of life, is small.").
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    • Straight talk about gays
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    • E. L. Pattullo, Straight Talk About Gays, COMMENT. 22 (Dec. 1992);
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    • Gay teachers: A disesteemed minority in an overly esteemed profession
    • 402
    • see also Joshua Dressier, Gay Teachers: A Disesteemed Minority in an Overly Esteemed Profession, 9 RUTGERS L. J. 399, 402 (1977)
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    • Making it perfectly queer
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    • Lisa Duggan, Making It Perfectly Queer, 22 SOCIALIST REV. 1, 20 (1992)
    • (1992) Socialist Rev. , vol.22 , pp. 1
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  • 18
    • 84882259579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • supra note 9
    • See, e.g., Michael Warner, Introduction to FEAR OF A QUEER PLANET, supra note 9, at xxi. I prefer "straightness" and "straight", because they are more accessible and familiar to most readers.
    • Introduction to Fear of a Queer Planet
    • Warner, M.1
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    • 21844523427 scopus 로고
    • Queers, dykes, sissies, and tomboys: Deconstructing the conflation of "sex", "gender", and "sexual orientation" in euro-american law and society
    • See generally Francisco Valdes, Queers, Dykes, Sissies, and Tomboys: Deconstructing the Conflation of "Sex", "Gender", and "Sexual Orientation" in Euro-American Law and Society, 83 CAL. L. REV. 1 (1995) (discussing the historic and pervasive conflation of sex, gender, and sexual orientation).
    • (1995) Cal. L. Rev. , vol.83 , pp. 1
    • Valdes, F.1
  • 20
    • 77950372428 scopus 로고
    • 6th ed
    • BLACK'S LAW DICTIONARY 239 (6th ed. 1994) (defining "child" and "children" to include "Progeny; offspring of parentage" and "Unborn or recently born human being", and observing that "[a]t common law one who had not attened the age of fourteen years, though the meaning now varies in different statutes"). Cf.
    • (1994) Black's Law Dictionary , pp. 239
  • 21
    • 84882251641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The magical age of 10
    • M. S. Tepper & A. F. Owens eds.
    • See, e.g., Gilbert Herdt & Martha McClintock, The Magical Age of 10, in 1 SEXUAL HEALTH 183 (M. S. Tepper & A. F. Owens eds., 2007).
    • (2007) Sexual Health , vol.1 , pp. 183
    • Herdt, G.1    McClintock, M.2
  • 24
    • 84882255694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lofton v. Sec'y of Dep't of Children & Family Servs.
    • 1300 11th Cir
    • See Lofton v. Sec'y of Dep't of Children & Family Servs., 377 F.3d 1275, 1300 (11th Cir. 2004)
    • (2004) F.3d , vol.377 , pp. 1275
  • 27
    • 84882250894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nlcomachean ethics 145-46
    • para, Robert C. Bartlett & Susan D. Collins trans.
    • See ARISTOTLE, NLCOMACHEAN ETHICS 145-46, para. 1148b, II. 28-30 (Robert C. Bartlett & Susan D. Collins trans., 2011). One of Aristotle's students made a more explicit version of this claim in a pseudo-Aristotelian text known as Problems.
    • (2011) Ii. , vol.1148 B , pp. 28-30
    • Aristotle1
  • 29
    • 84886178090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ARISTOTLE
    • Roger Crisp trans.
    • ARISTOTLE, NICOMACHEAN ETHICS 127-28 (Roger Crisp trans., 2000);
    • (2000) Nicomachean Ethics , pp. 127-128
  • 30
    • 0009364369 scopus 로고
    • Terence Irwin trans.
    • ARISTOTLE, NICOMACHEAN ETHICS 185-86 (Terence Irwin trans., 1985);
    • (1985) Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics , pp. 185-186
  • 35
    • 84882237059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicomachean ethics VII. 5-6: Beastliness, irascibility, and akrasia
    • Carlo Natali ed.
    • Nicomachean Ethics VII. 5-6: Beastliness, Irascibility, and Akrasia, in ARISTOTLE: NICOMACHEAN ETHICS, BOOK VII SYMPOSIUM ARISTOTELICUM 103, 110 (Carlo Natali ed., 2009).
    • (2009) Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics, Book Vii Symposium Aristotelicum , vol.103 , pp. 110
  • 37
    • 84882236554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advice to paulinus
    • Book I
    • Id. at 291 (quoting Pacifico Massimi, Advice to Paulinus, in HECATELEGIUM (ONE HUNDRED ELEGIES), at Book I, 9)
    • Hecatelegium (One Hundred Elegies) , pp. 9
  • 50
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    • From sexual inversion to homosexuality: Medicine and the changing conceptualization of female deviance
    • 116
    • (quoting George Chauncey, Jr., From Sexual Inversion to Homosexuality: Medicine and the Changing Conceptualization of Female Deviance, 58 SALMAGUNDI 114, 116 (1982)).
    • (1982) Salmagundi , vol.58 , pp. 114
    • Chauncey Jr., G.1
  • 51
    • 84882248530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • supra note 2
    • See Halperin, Deviant Teaching, supra note 2, at 151, 154-55 (arguing that fears about teaching, pederasty, and sodomy are specifically focused on "the male education of boys" and "the successful reproduction and transmission of masculinity across the generations"). My review of the historical literature on female homosexuality did not reveal any premodern examples of the fear of the queer child involving women and girls.
    • Deviant Teaching , pp. 151
    • Halperin1
  • 56
    • 79956664906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • supra note 46
    • This impression is confirmed by historians of this period. See, e.g., HALPERIN, HISTORY OF HOMOSEXUALITY, supra note 46, at 76
    • History of Homosexuality , pp. 76
    • Halperin1
  • 57
    • 0004158173 scopus 로고
    • F. A. Davis Co
    • See, e.g., HAVELOCK ELLIS, SEXUAL INVERSION 129 (F. A. Davis Co. 1901) (1897) (claiming that one of the most important exciting causes of sexual inversion was "seduction", which he defined as "the initiation of a young boy or girl by some older and more experienced person in whom inversion is already developed, and who is seeking the gratification of the abnormal instinct") (emphasis added);
    • (1897) Sexual Inversion , pp. 129
    • Ellis, H.1
  • 58
    • 60950721357 scopus 로고
    • RUPERT CROFT-COOKE, BOSIE: THE STORY OF LORD ALFRED DOUGLAS, HIS FRIENDS AND ENEMIES 132 (1963) (quoting letter from June 28, 1895 in which Douglas wrote: "Perhaps you are not aware that 'Lesbianism' exists to any extent in London, but I can assure you that it does, and though I of course cannot mention names, I could point out to you half a dozen women in society or among actresses who would be considered as 'dangerous' to young girls as Oscar Wilde will I suppose henceforth be considered to boys.");
    • (1963) Bosie: The Story of Lord Alfred Douglas, His Friends and Enemies , pp. 132
    • Croft-Cooke, R.1
  • 60
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    • Responsibility in sexual perversion
    • 47 Jan
    • (quoting James Kieman, Responsibility in Sexual Perversion, 20 UROLOGIC & CUTANEOUS REV. 44, 47 (Jan. 1916) (arguing that women who were "deeply ingrained sex inverts... see no harm in [the] seduction of young girls.") (emphasis added)).
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    • 84882252756 scopus 로고
    • 26 184c-185c, 32 191a-192a Benjamin Jowett trans.
    • See PLATO, SYMPOSIUM 20 [178b-179b], 26 [184c-185c], 32 [191a-192a] (Benjamin Jowett trans., 1956). In more ways than one, such praise is a far cry from Anita Bryant's campaign against "homosexual recruitment", in which she analogized homosexuals to "prostitutes, thieves, or murderers"
    • (1956) Symposium , vol.20
    • Plato1
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    • 84882257390 scopus 로고
    • Anita bryant is mad about gays
    • May 7
    • Morton Kondracke, Anita Bryant Is Mad About Gays, THE NEW REPUBLIC, May 7, 1977, at 14.
    • (1977) The New Republic , pp. 14
    • Kondracke, M.1
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    • 3242782969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • THOMAS L. LAQUEUR, SOLITARY SEX: A CULTURAL HISTORY OF MASTURBATION 254-67 (2003) (analyzing the hypotheses that "the rise of concern about masturbation was an aspect of the rise of concern about homosexuality", and that "masturbation became a problem because new boundaries for heterosexuality had to be secured");
    • (2003) Solitary Sex: A Cultural History of Masturbation , pp. 254-267
    • Laqueur, T.L.1
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    • 0003626537 scopus 로고
    • 1
    • MICHAEL FOUCAULT, 1 HISTORY OF SEXUALITY 43 (1978) ("The nineteenth-century homosexual became a personage, a past, a case history, and a childhood....").
    • (1978) History of Sexuality , pp. 43
    • Foucault, M.1
  • 73
    • 84882236464 scopus 로고
    • Id. at 29 (citing J. M. Buckley, Introduction to ANTHONY COMSTOCK, TRAPS FOR THE YOUNG, at vi (1883)). Buckley may well have been thinking of boys growing up to be pederasts. As historian George Chauncey observes, the term "wolf' was often used as a slang for "active pederast" in New York City during this historical period.
    • (1883) Introduction to Anthony Comstock, Traps for the Young
    • Buckley, J.M.1
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    • 84903356419 scopus 로고
    • Sexual crimes
    • Allan McLane Hamilton & Lawrence Godkin eds.
    • (quoting Charles G. Chaddock, Sexual Crimes, in 2 A SYSTEM OF LEGAL MEDICINE 547 (Allan McLane Hamilton & Lawrence Godkin eds., 1894)).
    • (1894) A System of Legal Medicine , vol.2 , pp. 547
    • Chaddock, C.G.1
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    • 0003815918 scopus 로고
    • 1st ed
    • See generally OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY 372 (1st ed. 1961) (1933) (defining "pederasty" as "[u]nnatural relations with a boy; sodomy" and "pederast" as "sodomite", based on pattern of usage in seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries). One of history's most famous examples of this conflation is Jeremy Bentham's essay On Paederasty, which offered a defense of consensual sexual relations among adult males. Although Bentham originally authored this essay in 1785, it was not published until 1978.
    • (1933) Oxford English Dictionary , pp. 372
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    • "Uncontrolled desires": The response to the sexual psychopath, 1920-1960
    • 89, 100, 102
    • Estelle B. Freedman, "Uncontrolled Desires": The Response to the Sexual Psychopath, 1920-1960, 74 J. AMER. HIST. 83, 89, 100, 102 (1987).
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    • Freedman, E.B.1
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    • A letter from freud
    • 786-87
    • Letter from Sigmund Freud to Anonymous Mother (Apr. 9, 1935), reprinted in A Letter from Freud, 107 AM. J. PSYCHIATRY 786, 786-87 (1951).
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    • To have and to uphold: The common language of status-preserving countermovements
    • 122
    • Jessica Roberts, To Have and To Uphold: The Common Language of Status-Preserving Countermovements, 21 NAT'L BLACK L. J. 122, 122 (2009).
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    • Roberts, J.1
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    • Identity, speech and equality
    • 1702
    • See Nan D. Hunter, Identity, Speech and Equality, 79 VA. L. REV. 1695, 1702 (1993)
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    • The secret ambition of deterrence
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    • see also DAN M. KAHAN, The Secret Ambition of Deterrence, 113 HARV. L. REV. 414, 460-62, 475-76 (1999)
    • (1999) Harv. L. Rev. , vol.113 , pp. 414
    • Kahan, D.M.1
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    • see generally MARTIN DUBERMAN, STONEWALL (1993) (telling the story of the events surrounding the Stonewall riots).
    • (1993) Stonewall
    • Duberman, M.1
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    • Acanfora v. Bd. of Ed. of Montgomery Cnty.
    • D. Md
    • See, e.g., Acanfora v. Bd. of Ed. of Montgomery Cnty., 359 F. Supp. 843 (D. Md. 1973)
    • (1973) F. Supp. , vol.359 , pp. 843
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    • 84882239256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The defense of marriage act: Hearing before the comm, on the judiciary
    • 53
    • See The Defense of Marriage Act: Hearing before the Comm, on the Judiciary, 104th Cong. 51, 53 (1996) (statement of David Zwiebel).
    • (1996) Cong. , vol.104 , pp. 51
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    • 84882283947 scopus 로고
    • Gay Lib v. Univ. of Missouri.
    • W. D. Mo
    • Gay Lib v. Univ. of Missouri., 416 F. Supp. 1350 (W. D. Mo. 1976)
    • (1976) F. Supp. , vol.416 , pp. 1350
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    • 8th Cir
    • overruled by 558 F.2d 848 (8th Cir. 1977)
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    • Ratchford v. Gay Lib
    • cert, denied, Ratchford v. Gay Lib, 434 U. S. 1080 (1978) (Rehnquist, J., dissenting).
    • (1978) U. S. , vol.434 , pp. 1080
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    • 84882267705 scopus 로고
    • Gay Lib v. Univ. of Missouri
    • 854 8th Cir
    • Gay Lib v. Univ. of Missouri, 558 F.2d 848, 854 (8th Cir. 1977).
    • (1977) F.2d , vol.558 , pp. 848
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    • 84882268543 scopus 로고
    • Ratchford v. Gay Lib
    • Ratchford v. Gay Lib, 434 U. S. 1080 (1978).
    • (1978) U. S. , vol.434 , pp. 1080
  • 118
    • 77951429686 scopus 로고
    • Nat'l Gay Task Force v. Bd. of Ed. Oklahoma City
    • 10th Cir
    • In 1982, the Oklahoma Legislature passed a law that closely tracked the language of the Briggs Initiative, but the Tenth Circuit invalidated the law as a violation of the First Amendment. Nat'l Gay Task Force v. Bd. of Ed. Oklahoma City, 729 F.2d 1270 (10th Cir. 1984)
    • (1984) F.2d , vol.729 , pp. 1270
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    • aff'd by equally divided court, 469 U. S. 1203 (1985) (per curiam).
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  • 120
    • 84882261187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health and safety code revision act
    • b 2, West
    • Health and Safety Code Revision Act, TEX. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE ANN. § 85.007 (b) (2) (West 2001).
    • (2001) Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. , pp. 85007
  • 121
    • 0347306537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C
    • ARIZ. REV. STAT. ANN. § 15-716 (C) (1999) (no school district may "promote[] a homosexual life-style" or "portray[] homosexuality as a positive alternative life-style").
    • (1999) Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. , pp. 15-716
  • 122
    • 33750119151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 16-40A-
    • See ALA. CODE § 16-40A-2 (c) (8) (LexisNexis 2001) (requiring sex education programs to emphasize that homosexuality is both socially unacceptable and a criminal offense);
    • (2001) Ala. Code
  • 123
    • 79951866620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • el 3
    • N. C. GEN. STAT. § 115C-81 (el) (3) (2006) (prior to 2006 amendment) (requiring that education concerning sexually transmitted diseases include "the current legal status" of homosexual acts);
    • (2006) N. C. Gen. Stat.
  • 124
    • 33847198832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LexisNexis
    • UTAH CODE ANN. § 53A-13-101 (LexisNexis 2006) ("[P]rohibiting instruction in... the advocacy of homosexuality.").
    • (2006) Utah Code Ann.
  • 125
    • 84882250125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gay Lesbian Bisexual Alliance v. Pryor
    • 11th Cir
    • See, e.g., Gay Lesbian Bisexual Alliance v. Pryor, 110 vsF.3d 1543 (11th Cir. 1997).
    • (1997) F.3d , vol.110 , pp. 1543
  • 126
    • 84882285592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • East High Gay/Straight Alliance v. Bd. of Educ. of Salt Lake City Sch. Dist.
    • 1197 & n. 46 D. Utah
    • See, e.g., East High Gay/Straight Alliance v. Bd. of Educ. of Salt Lake City Sch. Dist., 81 F. Supp. 2d 1166, 1197 & n. 46 (D. Utah 1999) (citing Utah Code Ann. 53A-3-419, which prohibits local school boards from granting access to "any student organization or club whose program or activities would materially and substantially... involve human sexuality).
    • (1999) F. Supp. 2d , vol.81 , pp. 1166
  • 127
    • 0031287969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putting civil rights to a popular vote
    • 257-60
    • See Barbara S. Gamble, Putting Civil Rights to a Popular Vote, 41 AM. J. POL. SCI. 245, 257-60 (1997).
    • (1997) Am. J. Pol. Sci. , vol.41 , pp. 245
    • Gamble, B.S.1
  • 128
    • 33750008992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Romer v. Evans
    • 623
    • See Romer v. Evans, 517 U. S. 620, 623 (1996).
    • (1996) U. S. , vol.517 , pp. 620
  • 129
    • 0038804344 scopus 로고
    • tSee, e.g., STEPHEN BRANSFORD, GAY POLITICS VS. COLORADO AND AMERICA: THE INSIDE STORY OF AMENDMENT 2, at 15-17 (1994) (claiming that antidiscrimination laws infringe on "the right not to associate with homosexuals", improperly subject "landlords and employers [to] lawsuit for dismissing.... failing to rent to or hire a homosexual", "make the courts the public solution to private problems", and give "homosexuality the legal power to force the rest of the state to affirm their lifestyle").
    • (1994) Gay Politics Vs. Colorado and America: The Inside Story of Amendment 2 , pp. 15-17
    • Bransford, S.1
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    • Playing defense
    • 193
    • reprinted in Robert Nagel, Playing Defense, 6 WM. & MARY BILL RTS. J. 167, 193 (1997). Amendment 2 was subsequently invalidated by the U. S. Supreme Court in 1996.
    • (1997) Wm. & Mary Bill Rts. J. , vol.6 , pp. 167
    • Nagel, R.1
  • 132
    • 33750008992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Romer
    • Romer, 517 U. S. at 620. Although the fears that children will be recruited, indoctrinated, or proselytized into homosexuality have been primarily aimed at LGBT teachers, they have also appeared in visitation cases involving lesbian and gay parents.
    • U. S. , vol.517 , pp. 620
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    • Like father, like son: The gender of homophobia
    • 294-95
    • See Clifford J. Rosky, Like Father, Like Son: The Gender of Homophobia, 20 YALE J. L. & FEMINISM 257, 294-95 (2009)
    • (2009) Yale J. L. & Feminism , vol.20 , pp. 257
    • Rosky, C.J.1
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    • J. S. & C.
    • 95-96 N. J. Super. Ct. Ch. Div
    • (citing In re J. S. & C., 324 A.2d 90, 95-96 (N. J. Super. Ct. Ch. Div. 1974) [hereinafter Rosky, Like Father, Like Son];
    • (1974) A.2d , vol.324 , pp. 90
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    • Hertzler v. Hertzler
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    • Hertzler v. Hertzler, 908 P.2d 946, 949 (Wyo. 1995)).
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    • Gaylord v. Tacoma Sch. Dist. No. 10
    • 1341, 1347 Wash
    • Gaylord v. Tacoma Sch. Dist. No. 10, 559 P.2d 1340, 1341, 1347 (Wash. 1977).
    • (1977) P.2d , vol.559 , pp. 1340
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    • In re opinion of the justices
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    • In re Opinion of the Justices, 530 A.2d 21, 23 (N. H. 1987).
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* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.