Pediatric demyelinating diseases

CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology

Volumn 19, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 1023-1045

  Chitnis, Tanuja ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACICLOVIR; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AQUAPORIN 4; AZATHIOPRINE; BETA INTERFERON; BETA1A INTERFERON; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; GLATIRAMER; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G ANTIBODY; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; NATALIZUMAB; RABIES VACCINE; RITUXIMAB; SMALLPOX VACCINE;

ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY; ANXIETY DISORDER; ASEPTIC MENINGITIS; BACTERIAL MENINGITIS; BLOOD ANALYSIS; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID EXAMINATION; CHILD; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COLOR VISION; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; DEMYELINATING DISEASE; DEPRESSION; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG DOSE ESCALATION; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG SUBSTITUTION; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EVOKED VISUAL RESPONSE; FLU LIKE SYNDROME; HEADACHE; HERPES SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS; HUMAN; INFECTION; INJECTION SITE REACTION; LABORATORY TEST; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY; LIVER FUNCTION TEST; LUMBAR PUNCTURE; LYMPHADENOPATHY; MENTAL INSTABILITY; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; MYALGIA; MYELITIS; MYELOOPTIC NEUROPATHY; NEUROIMAGING; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OPHTHALMOSCOPY; OPTIC NEURITIS; PLASMAPHERESIS; POLYFOCAL CLINICALLY ISOLATED SYNDROME; PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; THROMBOSIS; TREATMENT RESPONSE; VISION TEST; VISUAL ACUITY;

ADOLESCENT; AGE OF ONSET; CHILD; COGNITION DISORDERS; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS, ACUTE DISSEMINATED; FEMALE; HUMANS; LEUKOENCEPHALITIS, ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC; MALE; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; NEUROMYELITIS OPTICA; OPTIC NEURITIS;

EID: 84881618725     PISSN: 10802371     EISSN: 15386899     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1212/01.CON.0000433285.84973.43     Document Type: Review

References (61)

1. Krupp LB, Banwell B, Tenembaum S. Consensus definitions proposed for pediatric multiple sclerosis and related disorders. Neurology 2007;68(16 suppl 2):S7-S12.
2. Wilejto M, Shroff M, Buncic JR, et al. The clinical features, MRI findings, and outcome of optic neuritis in children. Neurology 2006;67(2):258-262.
3. Morales DS, Siakowski RM, Howard CW, Warman R. Optic neuritis in children. J Ophthalmic Nurs Technol 2000;19(6):270-274; quiz 275-276.
4. Beck RW, Cleary PA, Anderson MM Jr, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute optic neuritis. The Optic Neuritis Study Group. N Engl J Med 1992;326(9):581-588.
5. Absoud M, Cummins C, Desai N, et al. Childhood optic neuritis clinical features and outcome. Arch Dis Child 2011;96(9): 860-862.
6. Pohl D, Rostasy K, Treiber-Held S, et al. Pediatric multiple sclerosis: detection of clinically silent lesions by multimodal evoked potentials. J Pediatr 2006;149(1): 125-127.
7. Yeh EA, Weinstock-Guttman B, Lincoff N, et al. Retinal nerve fiber thickness in inflammatory demyelinating diseases of childhood onset. Mult Scler 2009;15(7): 802-810.
8. Banwell B, Bar-Or A, Arnold DL, et al. Clinical, environmental, and genetic determinants of multiple sclerosis in children with acute demyelination: a prospective national cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2011;10(5):436-445.
9. Mikaeloff Y, Suissa S, Vallee L, et al. First episode of acute CNS inflammatory demyelination in childhood: prognostic factors for multiple sclerosis and disability. J Pediatr 2004;144(2):246-252.
10. Pidcock FS, Krishnan C, Crawford TO, et al. Acute transverse myelitis in childhood: center-based analysis of 47 cases. Neurology 2007;68(18):1474-1480.
11. Thomas T, Branson HM, Verhey LH, et al. The demographic, clinical, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of transverse myelitis in children. J Child Neurol 2012;27(1):11-21.
12. Defresne P, Meyer L, Tardieu M, et al. Efficacy of high dose steroid therapy in children with severe acute transverse myelitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001;71(2):272-274.
13. Lahat E, Pillar G, Ravid S, et al. Rapid recovery from transverse myelopathy in children treated with methylprednisolone. Pediatr Neurol 1998;19(4):279-282.
14. Defresne P, Hollenberg H, Husson B, et al. Acute transverse myelitis in children: clinical course and prognostic factors. J Child Neurol 2003;18(6):401-406.
15. Weinshenker BG, Wingerchuk DM, Vukusic S, et al. Neuromyelitis optica IgG predicts relapse after longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. Ann Neurol 2006;59(3):566-569.
16. Leake JA, Albani S, Kao AS, et al. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in childhood: epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory features. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004;23(8):756-764.
17. Pohl D, Hennemuth I, von Kries R, Hanefeld F. Paediatric multiple sclerosis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in Germany: results of a nationwide survey. Eur J Pediatr 2007;166(5):405-412.
18. Tenembaum S, Chamoles N, Fejerman N. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: a long-term follow-up study of 84 pediatric patients. Neurology 2002;59(8): 1224-1231.
19. Amit R, Glick B, Itzchak Y, et al. Acute severe combined demyelination. Childs Nerv Syst 1992;8(6):354-356.
20. Erazo-Torricelli R. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in children [in Spanish]. Rev Neurol 2006;42(suppl 3):S75-S82.
21. Marchioni E, Marinou-Aktipi K, Uggetti C, et al. Effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in adult patients with steroid-resistant monophasic or recurrent acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. J Neurol 2002;249(1): 100-104.
22. Khurana DS, Melvin JJ, Kothare SV, et al. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in children: discordant neurologic and neuroimaging abnormalities and response to plasmapheresis. Pediatrics 2005;116(2): 431-436.
23. Dale RC, de Sousa C, Chong WK, et al. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis in children. Brain 2000;123(pt 12):2407-2422.
24. Mader I, Wolff M, Niemann G, Küker W. Acute haemorrhagic encephalomyelitis (AHEM): MRI findings. Neuropediatrics 2004;35(2):143-146.
25. Payne ET, Rutka JT, Ho TK, et al. Treatment leading to dramatic recovery in acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis. J Child Neurol 2007;22(1):109-113.
26. Tenembaum S, Chitnis T, Ness J, et al. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Neurology 2007;68(16 suppl 2):S23-S36.
27. Idrissova Zh R, Boldyreva MN, Dekonenko EP, et al. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in children: clinical features and HLA-DR linkage. Eur J Neurol 2003;10(5):537-546.
28. Hahn CD, Miles BS, MacGregor DL, et al. Neurocognitive outcome after acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Pediatr Neurol 2003;29(2):117-123.
29. Hynson JL, Kornberg AJ, Coleman LT, et al. Clinical and neuroradiologic features of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in children. Neurology 2001;56(10): 1308-1312.
30. Banwell B, Kennedy J, Sadovnick D, et al. Incidence of acquired demyelination of the CNS in Canadian children. Neurology 2009;72(3):232-239.
31. Langer-Gould A, Zhang JL, Chung J, et al. Incidence of acquired CNS demyelinating syndromes in a multiethnic cohort of children. Neurology 2011;77(12): 1143-1148.
32. Absoud M, Lim MJ, Chong WK, et al. Paediatric acquired demyelinating syndromes: incidence, clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features. Mult Scler 2012;19(1):76-86.
33. Chitnis T, Glanz B, Jaffin S, Healy B. Demographics of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis in an MS center population from the Northeastern United States. Mult Scler 2009;15(5):627-631.
34. Gorman MP, Healy BC, Polgar-Turcsanyi M, Chitnis T. Increased relapse rate in pediatric-onset compared with adult-onset multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2009;66(1): 54-59.
35. Ruggieri M, Iannetti P, Polizzi A, et al. Multiple sclerosis in children under 10 years of age. Neurol Sci 2004;25(suppl 4): S326-S335.
36. Julian L, Serafin D, Charvet L, et al. Cognitive impairment occurs in children and adolescents with multiple sclerosis: results from a United States network. J Child Neurol 2013;28(1):102-107.
37. Amato MP, Goretti B, Ghezzi A, et al. Cognitive and psychosocial features of childhood and juvenile MS. Neurology 2008;70(20):1891-1897.
38. McDonald WI, Compston A, Edan G, et al. Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines from the International Panel on the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2001;50(1): 121-127.
39. Polman CH, Reingold SC, Edan G, et al. Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2005 revisions to the "McDonald Criteria". Ann Neurol 2005;58(6):840-846.
40. Sadaka Y, Verhey LH, Shroff MM, et al. 2010 McDonald criteria for diagnosing pediatric multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2012;72(2): 211-223.
41. Krupp LB, Tardieu M, Amato MP, et al; the International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group criteria for pediatric multiple sclerosis and immune-mediated central nervous system demyelinating disorders: revisions to the 2007 definitions [published online ahead of print April 9. 2013]. Mult Scler. doi: 10.1177/1352458513484547.
42. Hahn CD, Shroff MM, Blaser SI, et al. MRI criteria for multiple sclerosis: evaluation in a pediatric cohort. Neurology 2004;62(5): 806-808.
43. Chabas D, Castillo-Trivino T, Mowry EM, et al. Vanishing MS T2-bright lesions before puberty: a distinct MRI phenotype? Neurology 2008;71(14):1090- 1093.
44. Chabas D, Ness J, Belman A, et al. Younger children with MS have a distinct CSF inflammatory profile at disease onset. Neurology 2010;74(5):399-405.
45. Pohl D, Rostasy K, Reiber H, Hanefeld F. CSF characteristics in early-onset multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2004;63(10):1966-1967.
46. Banwell B. Treatment of children and adolescents with multiple sclerosis. Expert Rev Neurother 2005;5(3):391-401.
47. Chitnis T, Tenembaum S, Banwell B, et al. Consensus statement: evaluation of new and existing therapeutics for pediatric multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2012;18(1): 116-127.
48. Makhani N, Gorman MP, Branson HM, et al. Cyclophosphamide therapy in pediatric multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2009;72(24): 2076-2082.
49. Ghezzi A, Pozzilli C, Grimaldi LM, et al. Safety and efficacy of natalizumab in children with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2010;75(10):912-917.
50. Renoux C, Vukusic S, Mikaeloff Y, et al. Natural history of multiple sclerosis with childhood onset. N Engl J Med 2007;356(25): 2603-2613.
51. Portaccio E, Goretti B, Zipoli V, et al. Cognitive rehabilitation in children and adolescents with multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2010;31(suppl 2):S275-S278.
52. Wingerchuk DM, Lennon VA, Pittock SJ, et al. Revised diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica. Neurology 2006; 66(10):1485-1489.
53. Lennon VA, Kryzer TJ, Pittock SJ, et al. IgG marker of optic-spinal multiple sclerosis binds to the aquaporin-4 water channel. J Exp Med 2005;202(4):473-477.
54. Banwell B, Tenembaum S, Lennon VA, et al. Neuromyelitis optica-IgG in childhood inflammatory demyelinating CNS disorders. Neurology 2008;70(5): 344-352.
55. McKeon A, Lennon VA, Lotze T, et al. CNS aquaporin-4 autoimmunity in children. Neurology 2008;71(2):93-100.
56. Klawiter EC, Alvarez E 3rd, Xu J, et al. NMO-IgG detected in CSF in seronegative neuromyelitis optica. Neurology 2009; 72(12):1101-1103.
57. Pittock SJ, Lennon VA, Krecke K, et al. Brain abnormalities in neuromyelitis optica. Arch Neurol 2006;63(3):390-396.
58. Ito S, Mori M, Makino T, et al. "Cloud-like enhancement" is a magnetic resonance imaging abnormality specific to neuromyelitis optica. Ann Neurol 2009;66(3):425-428.
59. Lotze TE, Northrop JL, Hutton GJ, et al. Spectrum of pediatric neuromyelitis optica. Pediatrics 2008;122(5):e1039-e1047.
60. Kimbrough DJ, Fujihara K, Jacob A, et al. Treatment of neuromyelitis optica: review and recommendations. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2012;1(4):180-187.
61. Collongues N, Marignier R, Zephir H, et al. Long-term follow-up of neuromyelitis optica with a pediatric onset. Neurology 2010;75(12):1084-1088.