A stepped wedge, cluster-randomized trial of a household UV-disinfection and safe storage drinking water intervention in rural Baja California Sur, Mexico

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Volumn 89, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 238-245

  Gruber, Joshua S ^a   Reygadas, Fermin ^b,c   Arnold, Benjamin F ^a   Ray, Isha ^b   Nelson, Kara ^a   Colford Jr , John M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c Fundacion Cantaro Azul   (Mexico)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DRINKING WATER;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIARRHEA; DISINFECTION; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FEMALE; HOUSEHOLD; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEXICO; NON PROFIT ORGANIZATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; WATER CONTAMINATION; WATER QUALITY; WATER SUPPLY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; CROSS-OVER STUDIES; DESERT CLIMATE; DIARRHEA; DISINFECTION; FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS; HUMANS; MEXICO; PREVALENCE; RURAL POPULATION; ULTRAVIOLET RAYS; WATER MICROBIOLOGY; WATER PURIFICATION; WATER QUALITY; WATER SUPPLY; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84881538184     PISSN: 00029637     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0017     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Lantagne DS, Quick R, Mintz ED, 2006. Household water treatment and safe storage options in developing countries: a review of current implementation practices. Wilson Quarterly, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Environmental Change and Security Program. Available at: http://www. wilsoncenter.org/publication/household-water-treatment-and-safe-storage- optionsdeveloping-countries-review-current.
2. Mintz E, Bartram J, Lochery P, Wegelin M, 2001. Not just a drop in the bucket: expanding access to point-of-use water treatment systems. Am J Public Health 91: 1565-1570.
3. Arnold BF, Colford JM Jr, 2007. Treating water with chlorine at point-of-use to improve water quality and reduce child diarrhea in developing countries: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 354.
4. Clasen T, Schmidt WP, Rabie T, Roberts I, Cairncross S, 2007. Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 334: 782.
5. Fewtrell L, Kaufmann RB, Kay D, Enanoria W, Haller L, Colford JM, 2005. Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 5: 42-52.
6. Hunter PR, 2009. Household water treatment in developing countries: comparing different intervention types using metaregression. Environ Sci Technol 43: 8991-8997.
7. Schmidt WP, Cairncross S, 2009. Household water treatment in poor populations: is there enough evidence for scaling up now? Environ Sci Technol 43: 986-992.
8. Sobsey MD, Stauber CE, Casanova LM, Brown JM, Elliott MA, 2008. Point of use household drinking water filtration: a practical, effective solution for providing sustained access to safe drinking water inthe developing world. Environ Sci Technol 42: 4261-4267.
9. Clasen T, Bartram J, Colford J, Luby S, Quick R, Sobsey M, 2009. Comment on household water treatment in poor populations: is there enough evidence for scaling up now? Environ Sci Technol 43: 5542-5544.
10. Secretaría de Salud deMexico, 1994.MODIFICACIONa laNorma Oficial Mexicana NOM-127-SSA1-1994, Salud ambiental. Agua para uso y consumo humano. Límites permisibles de calidad y tratamientos a que debe someterse el agua para su potabilización. Mexico: Secretaría de Salud deMexico.
11. Brownell SA, Chakrabarti AR, Kaser FM, Connelly LG, Peletz RL, Reygadas F, Lang MJ, Kammen DM, Nelson KL, 2008. Assessment of a low-cost, point-of-use, ultraviolet water disinfection technology. J Water Health 6: 53-65.
12. Brown CA, Lilford RJ, 2006. The stepped wedge trial design: a systematic review. BMC Med Res Methodol 6: 54.
13. Gambia Hepatitis Study Group, 1987. The Gambia hepatitis intervention study. Cancer Res 47: 5782-5787.
14. HusseyMA,Hughes JP, 2007.Design and analysis of stepped wedge cluster randomized trials. Contemp Clin Trials 28: 182-191.
15. Altman DG, Schulz KF, Moher D, Egger M, Davidoff F, Elbourne D, Gøtzsche PC, Lang T; CONSORT GROUP (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials), 2001. The revised CONSORT statement for reporting randomized trials: explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med 134: 663-694.
16. Friedman LM, Furberg CD, DeMets DL, 2010. Fundamentals of Clinical Trials. New York, NY: Springer.
17. Baqui AH, Black RE, Yunus M, Hoque AR, Chowdhury H, Sack RB, 1991. Methodological issues in diarrhoeal diseases epidemiology: definition of diarrhoeal episodes. Int J Epidemiol 20: 1057.
18. Arnold BF, Galiani S, Ram PK, Hubbard AE, Gertler PJ, Colford JM, 2013. Optimal recall period for caregiver-reported illness in risk factor and intervention studies: a multicountry study. Am J Epidemiol 177: 361-370.
19. Bailey I, Archer L, 2004. The impact of the introduction of treated water on aspects of community health in a rural community in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. Water Sci Technol 50: 105-110.
20. Zwane AP, Zinman J, Van Dusen E, Pariente W, Null C, Miguel E, Kremer M, Karlan DS, Hornbeck R, Giné X, Duflo E, Devoto F, Crepon B, Banerjee A, 2011. Being surveyed can change later behavior and related parameter estimates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 1821-1826.
21. Levy K, Nelson KL, Hubbard A, Eisenberg JNS, 2012. Rethinking indicators of microbial drinking water quality for health studies in tropical developing countries: case study in northern coastal Ecuador. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86: 499-507.
22. Brown J, Clasen T, 2012. High adherence is necessary to realize health gains from water quality interventions. PLoS ONE 7: e36735.
23. Enger KS, Nelson KL, Rose JB, Eisenberg JS, 2012. The joint effects of efficacy and compliance: a study of household water treatment effectiveness. Water Res 47: 1181-1190.
24. Eisenberg JN, Scott JC, Porco T, 2007. Integrating disease control strategies: balancing water sanitation and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrheal disease burden. Am J Public Health 97: 846.
25. Wood L, Egger M, Gluud LL, Schulz KF, Jüni P, Altman DG, Gluud C, Martin RM, Wood AJ, Sterne JA, 2008. Empirical evidence of bias in treatment effect estimates in controlled trials with different interventions and outcomes: meta-epidemiological study. BMJ 336: 601-605.
26. Rothman K, Greenland S, 1998. Modern Epidemiology. Second edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven Publishers.
27. Crump JA,MendozaCE, PriestJW,Glass RI,Monroe SS,Dauphin LA, Bibb WF, Lopez MB, Alvarez M, Mintz ED, Luby SP, 2007. Comparing serologic response against enteric pathogens with reported diarrhea to assess the impact of improved household drinking water quality. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 136-141.
28. WHO, 2008. The Global Burden of Disease: 2004 Update. Geneva: World Health Organization.
29. WHO, 2010. Diarrhoeal Disease. Available at: http://www.who .int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/index.html. Accessed June 15, 2010.