Assessment of a low-cost, point-of-use, ultraviolet water disinfection technology

Journal of Water and Health

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 53-65

  Brownell, Sarah A ^a   Chakrabarti, Alicia R ^b   Kaser, Forest M ^c   Connelly, Lloyd G ^d   Peletz, Rachel L ^e   Reygadas, Fermin ^c   Lang, Micah J ^c   Kammen, Daniel M ^f   Nelson, Kara L ^g  

^a Sustainable Organic Integrated Livelihoods   (United States)

^b EAST BAY MUNICIPAL UTILITY DISTRICT   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST)   (Canada)

^f UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^g 109 McLaughlin Hall   (United States)

Author keywords

Drinking water treatment; Low cost; Point of use; Ultraviolet disinfection

Indexed keywords

DRINKING WATER; ORGANOHALOGEN DERIVATIVE; STAINLESS STEEL;

ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT; BIOASSAY; DISINFECTION; DRINKING WATER; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; WATER TECHNOLOGY;

ARTICLE; BACTERIUM CONTAMINATION; BIOASSAY; BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT; COLIPHAGE; CONTROLLED STUDY; COST CONTROL; DISINFECTION; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FIELD STUDY; FLOW RATE; HOUSEHOLD; LABORATORY TEST; LEACHING; LIGHT ABSORPTION; RURAL AREA; SAFETY; TUBE; ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION; UNITED STATES; WASTE COMPONENT REMOVAL; WATER CONTAMINATION;

ACRYLIC RESINS; BUTADIENES; DISINFECTION; ESCHERICHIA COLI; LEVIVIRUS; MODELS, THEORETICAL; POLYSTYRENES; POLYVINYL CHLORIDE; STEEL; ULTRAVIOLET RAYS; WATER MICROBIOLOGY; WATER PURIFICATION;

BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR; MEXICO [NORTH AMERICA]; NORTH AMERICA;

EID: 40049104512     PISSN: 14778920     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2166/wh.2007.015     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. APHA, AWWA & WEF 2005 Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Federation.
2. Batch, L. F., Schulz, C. R. & Linden, K. G. 2004 Evaluating water quality effects on UV disinfection of MS2 coliphage. J. Am. Water. Works. Assoc. 96(7), 75-87.
3. Blatchley, E. R. 1997 Numerical modelling of UV intensity: application to collimated-beam reactors and continuous-flow systems. Water. Res. 31(9), 2205-2218.
4. Bolton, J. R. & Linden, K. G. 2003 Standardization of methods for fluence (UV dose) determination in bench-scale UV experiments. J. Environ. Eng. 129(3), 209-215.
5. Brownell, S. A. & Nelson, K. L. 2006 Inactivation of single-celled Ascaris suum eggs by low-pressure UV radiation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72(3), 2178-2184.
6. Checkley, W., Gilman, R. H., Black, R. E., Epstein, L. D., Cabrera, L., Sterling, C. R. & Moulton, L. H. 2004 Effect of water and sanitation on childhood health in a poor Peruvian, peri-urban community. Lancet 363(9403), 112-118.
7. Cohn, A. R. 2002 The UV Tube as an appropriate water disinfection technology; An assessment of technical performance and potential for dissemination. Masters Project, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
8. Corteguera, R. 1993 Persistent diarrhea. Arch. Domin. Pediatr. [0004-0606] 29(2), 58.
9. EBMUD 2006 Annual Water Quality Report. East Bay Municipal Utility District, Oakland, USA.
10. Ezzati, M., Lopez, A. D., Rodgers, A., Hoorn, S. V., Murray, C. J. L. & Group, C. R. A. C. 2002 Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease. Lancet 360, 1347-1360.
11. Fewtrell, L., Kaufmann, R. B., Kay, D., Enanoria, W., Haller, L. & Colford, J. M. Jr 2005 Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. Infect. Dis. 5, 42-52.
12. Haas, C. N., Joffe, J., Heath, M. S. & Jacangelo, J. 1997 Continuous flow residence time distribution function characterization. J. Environ. Eng. 123(2), 107-114.
13. Lantagne, D.S., Quick, R. and Mintz, E.D. 2006 Household water treatment and safe storage options in developing countries: a review of current implementation practices. Available at www.wilsoncenter.org/waterstories/ Household_water_Treatment.pdf
14. Levenspiel, O. 1999 Chemical Reaction Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA.
15. Masschelein, W. J. 2002 Ultraviolet Light in Water and Wastewater Sanitation. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, USA (R. G. Rice translator).
16. Mintz, E., Bartram, J., Lochery, P. & Wegelin, M. 2001 Not just a drop in the bucket: expanding access to point-of-use water treatment systems. Am. J. Public. Health. 91(10), 1565-1570.
17. NSF Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatment Units 2002 NSF International Standard/American National Standard for drinking water treatment units - Ultraviolet microbiological water treatment systems, NSF/ANSI 55-2002. National Sanitation Foundation International, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
18. NWRI 2003 Ultraviolet Disinfection Guidelines for Drinking Water and Water Reuse, 2nd edn. National Water Research Institute and Awwa Research Foundation, Fountain Valley, CA, USA.
19. Pruss, A., Kay, D., Fewtrell, L. & Bartram, J. 2002 Estimating the burden of disease from water, sanitation, and hygiene at a global level. Environ. Health. Perspect. 110(5), 537-542.
20. Reygadas, F., Lang, M. & Kaser, F. 2007 Interdisciplinary Development and Evaluation of Point-of-Use Ultraviolet Water Disinfection in Rural Households of Baja California Sur, Mexico. Masters Project, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
21. Sobsey, M. D. 2002 Managing Water in the Home: Accelerated Health Gains from Improved Water Supply. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
22. US EPA 2003 National Primary Drinking Water Stanclards. EPA 816-F-03-016. Office of Water, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA.
23. US EPA 2003 Ultraviolet Disinfection Guidance Manual Proposal Draft. EPA 815-D-03-007. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA.
24. US EPA 2006 Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA.
25. WHO 2002 The World Health Report 2002 - Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
26. WHO 2006 Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, 3rd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, incorporating first addendum Vol. 1 Recommendations.
27. WHO & UNICEF 2006 Meeting the MDG Drinking Water and Sanitation Target; The Urban and Rural Challenge of the Decade. World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund, Geneva, Switzerland.
28. Wright, J., Gundry, S. & Conroy, R. 2004 Household drinking water in developing countries: a systematic review of microbiological contamination between source and point-of-use. Trop. Med. Int. Health 9(1), 106-117.