Facial nerve palsy and hemifacial spasm

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

Volumn 115, Issue , 2013, Pages 367-380

  Valls Solé, Josep ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTION POTENTIAL; ARTICLE; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; FACIAL NERVE; FACIAL NERVE DISEASE; FACIAL NERVE PARALYSIS; HEMIFACIAL SPASM; HUMAN; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; POSTPARALYTIC FACIAL SYNDROME; REINNERVATION ERRORS;

FACIAL NERVE; FACIAL PALSY; HEMIFACIAL SPASM; POSTPARALYTIC FACIAL SYNDROME; REINNERVATION ERRORS;

ACTION POTENTIALS; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; FACIAL NERVE; FACIAL NERVE DISEASES; HEMIFACIAL SPASM; HUMANS;

EID: 84881490704     PISSN: 00729752     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52902-2.00020-5     Document Type: Chapter

References (65)

1. Aramideh M., Ongerboer de Visser B.W. Brainstem reflexes: electrodiagnostic techniques, physiology, normative data and clinical applications. Muscle Nerve 2002, 26:14-30.
2. Arzimanoglou A.A., Salefranque F., Goutières F., et al. Hemifacial spasm or subcortical epilepsy?. Epileptic Disord 1999, 1:121-125.
3. Auger R.G. Hemifacial spasm: clinical and electrophysiologic observations. Neurology 1979, 29:1261-1272.
4. Auger R.G., Piepgras D.G., Laws E.R., et al. Microvascular decompression of the facial nerve for hemifacial spasm: clinical and electrophysiologic observations. Neurology 1981, 31:346-350.
5. Baker R.S., Sun W.S., Hasan S.A., et al. Maladaptive neural compensatory mechanisms in Bell's palsy-induced blepharospasm. Neurology 1997, 49:223-229.
6. Boroojerdi B., Ferbert A., Schwarz M., et al. Botulinum toxin treatment of synkinesia and hyperlacrimation after facial palsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998, 65:111-114.
7. Chuke J.C., Baker R.S., Porter J.D. Bell's palsy-associated blepharospasm relieved by aiding eyelid closure. Ann Neurol 1996, 39:263-268.
8. Colosimo C., Bologna M., Lamberti S., et al. A comparative study of primary and secondary hemifacial spasm. Arch Neurol 2006, 63:441-444.
9. Cossu G., Valls-Solé J., Valldeoriola F., et al. Reflex excitability of facial motoneurons at onset of muscle reinnervation after facial nerve palsy. Muscle Nerve 1999, 22:614-620.
10. Delbeke J., Kopec J., McComas A.J. Effects of age, temperature, and disease on the refractoriness of human nerve and muscle. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1978, 41:65-71.
11. Eekhof J.L., Aramideh M., Speelman J.D., et al. Blink reflexes and lateral spreading in patients with synkinesia after Bell's palsy and in hemifacial spasm. Eur Neurol 2000, 43:141-146.
12. Ellrich J., Treede R.D. Characterization of blink reflex interneurons by activation of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls in man. Brain Res 1998, 803:161-168.
13. Espay A.J., Schmithorst V.J., Szaflarski J.P. Chronic isolated hemifacial spasm as a manifestation of epilepsia partialis continua. Epilepsy Behav 2008, 12:332-336.
14. Fernández-Conejero I., Ulkatan S., Sen C., et al. Intra-operative neurophysiology during microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm. Clin Neurophysiol 2012, 123:78-83.
15. Gilhuis H.J., Beurskens C.H.G., de Vries J., et al. Contralateral reinnervation of midline muscles in facial paralysis. Muscle Nerve 2001, 24:1703-1705.
16. Gilhuis H.J., Beurskens C.H.G., de Vries J., et al. Contralateral reinnervation of midline muscles in nonidiopathic facial palsy. J Clin Neurophysiol 2003, 20:151-154.
17. Glocker F.X., Magistris M.R., Rosler K.M., et al. Magnetic transcranial and electrical stylomastoidal stimulation of the facial motor pathways in Bell's palsy: time course and relevance of electrophysiological parameters. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1994, 93:113-120.
18. Gowers W.R. A manual of Diseases of the Nervous System 1888, P Blakinston and Company, Philadelphia, pp. 660-669.
19. Graeber M.B., Bise K., Mehraein P. Synapse stripping in the human facial nucleus. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1993, 86:179-181.
20. Guntinas-Lichius O., Klussmann J.P., Schroeder U., et al. Primary parotid malignoma surgery in patients with normal preoperative facial nerve function: outcome and long-term postoperative facial nerve function. Laryngoscope 2004, 114:949-956.
21. Guntinas-Lichius O., Gabriel B., Klussmann J.P. Risk of facial palsy and severe Frey's syndrome after conservative parotidectomy for benign disease: analysis of 610 operations. Acta Otolaryngol 2006, 126:1104-1109.
22. Guntinas-Lichius O., Hundeshagen G., Paling T., et al. Impact of different types of facial nerve reconstruction on the recovery of motor function: an experimental study in adult rats. Neurosurgery 2007, 61:1276-1285.
23. Iwakuma T. Hemifacial spasm: comparison of three different operative procedures in 110 patients. J Neurosurg 1982, 57:753-756.
24. Janetta P.J., Abbasy M., Maroon J.C., et al. Etiology and definitive microsurgical treatment of hemifacial spasm: operative techniques and results in 47 patients. J Neurosurg 1977, 47:321-328.
25. Jost W.H., Kohl A. Botulinum toxin: evidence-based medicine criteria in blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. J Neurol 2001, 248:21-24.
26. Kimura J., Giron L.T., Young S.M. Electrophysiological study of Bell's palsy: electrically elicited blink reflex in assessment of prognosis. Arch Otolaryngol 1976, 102:140-143.
27. Manca D., Muñoz E., Pastor P., et al. Enhanced gain of blink reflex responses to ipsilateral supraorbital nerve afferent inputs in patients with facial nerve palsy. Clin Neurophysiol 2001, 112:153-156.
28. Martinelli P., Giuliani S., Ippoliti M. Hemifacial spasm due to peripheral injury of facial nerve: a nuclear syndrome?. Mov Disord 1992, 7:181-184.
29. McLaughlin M.R., Jannetta P.J., Clyde B.L., et al. Microvascular decompression of cranial nerves: lessons learned after 4400 operations. J Neurosurg 1999, 90:1-8.
30. Moldovan M., Sørensen J., Krarup C. Comparison of the fastest regenerating motor and sensory myelinated axons in the same peripheral nerve. Brain 2006, 129:2471-2483.
31. Møller A.R. Hemifacial spasm: ephaptic transmission or hyperexcitability of the facial motor nucleus?. Exp Neurol 1987, 98:110-119.
32. Møller A.R. The cranial nerve vascular compression syndrome: II. A review of pathophysiology. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1991, 113:24-30.
33. Møller A.R., Jannetta P.J. On the origin of synkinesis in hemifacial spasm: result of intracranial recording. J Neurosurg 1984, 61:569-576.
34. Montero J., Junyent J., Calopa M., et al. Electrophysiological study of ephaptic axono-axonal responses in hemifacial spasm. Muscle Nerve 2007, 35:184-188.
35. Montero J., Serra J., Montserrat L. Axon reflexes or ephaptic responses simulating blink reflex R1 after XII-VII anastomosis. Muscle Nerve 1996, 19:848-852.
36. Montserrat L., Benito M. Facial synkinesis and aberrant regeneration of facial nerve. Advances in Neurology 1988, Vol. 49:211-224. Raven Press, New York.
37. Montserrat L., Benito M. Motor reflex responses elicited by cutaneous stimulation in the regenerating nerve of man: axon reflex or ephaptic response?. Muscle Nerve 1990, 13:501-507.
38. Nielsen V.K. Pathophysiology of hemifacial spasm: I. Ephaptic transmission and ectopic excitation. Neurology 1984, 34:418-426.
39. Nielsen V.K. Pathophysiology of hemifacial spasm: II. Lateral spread of the supraorbital nerve reflex. Neurology 1984, 34:427-431.
40. Nielsen V.K. Electrophysiology of the facial nerve in hemifacial spasm: ectopic/ephaptic excitation. Muscle Nerve 1985, 8:545-555.
41. Pavesi G., Medici D., Macaluso G.M., et al. Unusual sinkinetic movements between facial muscles and respiration in hemifacial spasm. Mov Disord 1994, 9:451-454.
42. Rösler K.M., Schmid U.D., Hess C.W. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the facial nerve: where is the actual excitation site?. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 1991, 43:362-368.
43. Sanders D.B. Ephaptic transmission in hemifacial spasm: a single-fiber EMG study. Muscle Nerve 1989, 12:690-694.
44. Schicatano E.J., Basso M.A., Evinger C. Animal model explains the origins of the cranial dystonia benign essential blepharospasm. J Neurophysiol 1997, 77:2842-2846.
45. Schicatano E.J., Mantzouranis J., Peshori K.R., et al. Lid restraint evokes two types of motor adaptation. J Neurophysiol 2002, 22:569-576.
46. Schwarze H.P., Hirsch B.E., Johnson P.C. Oculostapedial synkinesis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1995, 113:802-806.
47. Sindou M.P. Microvascular decompression for primary hemifacial spasm: importance of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2005, 147:1019-1026.
48. Syed N.A., Delgado A., Sandbrink F., et al. Blink reflex recovery in facial weakness: an electrophysiological study of adaptive changes. Neurology 1999, 52:834-838.
49. Tan E.K., Jankovic J. Bilateral hemifacial spasm: report of five cases and a literature review. Mov Disord 1999, 14:345-349.
50. Tan E.K., Chan L.L., Lim S.H., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography in patients with hemifacial spasm. Ann Acad Med Singapore 1999, 28:169-173.
51. Tan N.C., Chan L.L., Tan E.K. Hemifacial spasm and involuntary facial movements. Q J Med 2002, 95:493-500.
52. Tetzlaff W., Graeber M.B., Kreutzberg G.W. Reaction of motoneurons and their microenvironment to axotomy. Exp Brain Res (Suppl) 1986, 13:3-8.
53. Tetzlaff W., Leonard C., Krekoski C.A., et al. Reductions in motoneuronal neurofilament synthesis by successive axotomies: a possible explanation for the conditioning lesion effect on axon regeneration. Exp Neurol 1996, 139:95-106.
54. Thomas P.K., Scaravilli F., Belai A. Pathologic alterations in cell bodies of peripheral neurons in neuropathy. Peripheral Neuropathy 1993, 361-376. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. 3rd edn. P.J. Dyck, P.K. Thomas, J.W. Griffin, P.A. Low, J.F. Poduslo (Eds.).
55. Trojaborg W. Does cross-innervation occur after facial palsy?. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1977, 40:712-717.
56. Trojaborg W., Siemssen S.O. Reinnervation after resection of the facial nerve. Arch Neurol 1972, 26:17-24.
57. Turkof E., Richard B., Assadian O., et al. Leprosy affects facial nerves in a scattered distribution from the main trunk to all peripheral branches and neurolysis improves muscle function of the face. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003, 68:81-88.
58. Valls-Solé J. Facial palsy, postparalytic facial syndrome and hemifacial spasm. Mov Disord 2002, 17:S49-S52.
59. Valls-Solé J. Electrodiagnostic studies of the facial nerve in peripheral facial palsy and hemifacial spasm. Muscle Nerve 2007, 36:14-20.
60. Valls-Solé J., Montero J. Movement disorders in patients with peripheral facial palsy. Mov Disord 2003, 18:1424-1435.
61. Valls-Solé J., Tolosa E.S. Blink reflex excitability cycle in hemifacial spasm. Neurology 1989, 39:1061-1066.
62. Valls-Solé J., Tolosa E., Ribera G. Blink reflex studies of patients with blepharospasm before and after treatment with botulinum toxin. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1991, 54:310-313.
63. VanSwearingen J.M., Cohn J.F., Bajaj-Luthra A. Specific impairment of smiling increases the severity of depressive symptoms in patients with facial neuromuscular disorders. Aesthetic Plast Surg 1999, 23:416-423.
64. Wang A., Jankovic J. Hemifacial spasm: clinical findings and treatment. Muscle Nerve 1998, 21:1740-1747.
65. Willer J.C., Lamas G., Poigmonec S., et al. Redirection of the hypoglossal nerve to facial muscles alters central connectivity in human brainstem. Brain Res 1992, 594:301-306.