The mortality toll of estrogen avoidance: An analysis of excess deaths among hysterectomized women aged 50 to 59 years

American Journal of Public Health

Volumn 103, Issue 9, 2013, Pages 1583-1588

  Sarrel, Philip M ^a   Njike, Valentine Y ^b   Vinante, Valentina ^c   Katz, David L ^a,b  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Yale Griffin Prevention Research Center   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ESTROGEN;

ARTICLE; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYSTERECTOMY; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; OVARIECTOMY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; UNITED STATES;

ESTROGENS; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYSTERECTOMY; MIDDLE AGED; OVARIECTOMY; RISK ASSESSMENT; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84881489557     PISSN: 00900036     EISSN: 15410048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301295     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Hersh AL, Stefanick ML, Stafford RS. National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy: annual trends and response to recent evidence. JAMA. 2004;291(1):47-53.
2. Wysowski DK, Governale LA. Use of menopausal hormones in the United States, 1992 through June, 2003. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2005;14(3):171-176.
3. Tsai SA, Stefanick ML, Stafford RS. Trends in menopausal hormone therapy use of US office-based physicians, 2000-2009. Menopause. 2011;18(4): 385-392.
4. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al.; Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA. 2002;288(3):321-333.
5. Brown S. Shock, terror and controversy: how the media reacted to the Women's Health Initiative. Climacteric. 2012;15(3):275-280.
6. Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR, et al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;291(14): 1701-1712.
7. LaCroix AZ, Chlebowski RT, Manson JE, et al. Health outcomes after stopping conjugated equine estrogens among postmenopausal women with prior hysterectomy: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2011;305(13):1305-1314.
8. Silverman BG, Kokia ES. Use of hormone replacement therapy, 1998-2007: sustained impact of the Women's Health Initiative findings. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43(2):251-258.
9. Taylor HS, Manson JE. Update in hormone therapy use in menopause. J Clin EndocrinolMetab. 2011;96(2):255-264.
10. Steinkellner AR, Denison SE, Eldridge SL, Lenzi LL, Chen W, Bowlin SJ. A decade of postmenopausal hormone therapy prescribing in the United States: long-term effects of the Women's Health Initiative. Menopause. 2012;19(6):616-621.
11. Sprague BL, Trentham-Dietz A, Cronin KA. A sustained decline in postmenopausal hormone use: results from the NationalHealth and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2010. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;120(3):595-603.
12. Chubaty A, Shandro MT, Schuurmans N, Yuksel N. Practice patterns with hormone therapy after surgical menopause. Maturitas. 2011;69(1):69-73.
13. Profile of general population and housing characteristics. US Census Bureau. 2010. Available at: http:// factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/ jsf/pages/ productview.xhtml?pid=DEC-10-DP-DPDP1&prodType=table. Accessed June 12, 2012.
14. National characteristics: vintage 2009. US Census Bureau. Available at: http://www.census.gov/popest/data/ national/asrh/2009/index.html. Accessed June 8, 2012.
15. Merrill RM. Hysterectomy surveillance in the United States, 1997 through 2005. Med Sci Monit. 2008;14(1): CR24-CR31.
16. Whiteman MK, Hillis SD, Jamieson DJ, et al. Inpatient hysterectomy surveillance in the United States, 2000-2004. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;198(1): 34.e1-34.e7.
17. Gallicchio L, Whiteman MK, Tomic D, Miller KP, Langenberg P, Flaws JA. Type of menopause, patterns of hormone therapy use, and hot flashes. Fertil Steril. 2006; 85(5):1432-1440.
18. Stram DO, Liu Y, Henderson KD, et al. Age-specific effects of hormone therapy use on overall mortality and ischemic heart disease mortality among women in the California Teachers Study. Menopause. 2011;18(3): 253-261.
19. Robinson RW, Higano N, Cohen WD. Increased incidence of coronary heart disease in women castrated prior to the menopause. Arch Intern Med. 1959;104: 908-913.
20. Rocca WA, Grossardt BR, de Andrade M, Malkasian GD, Melton LJ 3rd. Survival patterns after oophorectomy in premenopausal women: a population-based cohort study. Lancet Oncol. 2006;7(10):821-828.
21. Parker WH, Broder MS, Chang E, et al. Ovarian conservation at the time of hysterectomy and long-term health outcomes in the nurses' health study. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113(5):1027-1037.
22. Gerhard M, Ganz P. How do we explain the clinical benefits of estrogen? From bedside to bench. Circulation. 1995;92(1):5-8.
23. Mendelsohn ME, Karas RH. The protective effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system. N Engl J Med. 1999;340(23):1801-1811.
24. Barrett-Connor E, Grady D. Hormone replacement therapy, heart disease, and other considerations. Annu Rev Public Health. 1998;19:55-72.
25. Duan L, Xu X, Koebnick C, et al. Bilateral oophorectomy is not associated with increased mortality: the California Teachers Study. Fertil Steril. 2012;97(1): 111-117.
26. Salpeter SR, Walsh JM, Greyber E, Salpeter EE. Brief report: coronary heart disease events associated with hormone therapy in younger and older women. A meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(4):363-366.
27. Pal L, Manson JE. The Women's Health Initiative: an unforgettable decade. Menopause. 2012;19(6):597-599.
28. Allison MA, Manson JE. Age, hormone therapy use, coronary heart disease, and mortality. Menopause. 2011; 18(3):243-245.
29. Anderson GL, Chlebowski RT, Aragaki AK, et al. Conjugated equine oestrogen and breast cancer incidence and mortality in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: extended follow-up of the Women's Health Initiative randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13(5):476-486.
30. Katz DL. Medicine and media: state of the union? Am J Prev Med. 2008;34(1):83-84.
31. Burger HG, MacLennan AH, Huang KE, Castelo-Branco C. Evidence-based assessment of the impact of the WHI on women's health. Climacteric. 2012;15(3): 281-287.