A mobile rapid-scanning X-band polarimetric (RaXPol) doppler radar system

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

Volumn 30, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 1398-1413

  Pazmany, Andrew ^a   Mead, James ^a   Bluestein, Howard B ^b   Snyder, Jeffrey C ^b   Houser, Jana B ^b  

^a ProSensing Inc   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CROSS-CORRELATION COEFFICIENT; DIFFERENTIAL PHASE; INDEPENDENT SAMPLES; MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS; PARABOLIC DISH ANTENNA; RADAR REFLECTIVITY FACTOR; RANGE RESOLUTION; TRAVELING WAVE TUBE AMPLIFIERS;

AMPLIFIERS (ELECTRONIC); DOPPLER RADAR; POLARIMETERS; RADAR SYSTEMS; TRAVELING WAVE TUBES;

FREQUENCY HOPPING;

DOPPLER RADAR; SEVERE WEATHER; SIGNAL PROCESSING; TORNADO; WEATHER FORECASTING;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 84881335993     PISSN: 07390572     EISSN: 15200426     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00166.1     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Bluestein, H. B., B. A. Albrecht, R. M. Hardesty, W. D. Rust, D. Parsons, R. Wakimoto, and R. M. Rauber, 2001: Groundbased mobile instrument workshop summary, 23-24 February 2000, Boulder, Colorado. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 681-694.
2. Bluestein, H. B., W.-C. Lee, M. Bell, C. C. Weiss, and A. L. Pazmany, 2003: Mobile Doppler radar observations of a tornado in a supercell near Bassett, Nebraska, on 5 June 1999. Part II: Tornadovortex structure. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 2968-2984.
3. Bluestein, H. B., C. C. Weiss, and A. L. Pazmany, 2004: The vertical structure of a tornado near Happy, Texas, on 5May 2002:High-resolution, mobile, W-band Doppler radar observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 2325-2337.
4. Bluestein, H. B., M. M. French, R. L. Tanamachi, S. Frasier, K. Hardwick, F. Junyent, and A. L. Pazmany, 2007a: Close-range observations of tornadoes in supercells made with a dual-polarization, X-band, mobile Doppler radar. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 1522-1543.
5. Bluestein, H. B., C. C. Weiss, M. M. French, E. M. Holthaus, and R. L. Tanamachi, 2007b: The structure of tornadoes near Attica, Kansas, on 12 May 2004: High-resolution, mobile, Doppler radar observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 475-506.
6. Bluestein, H. B., M. M. French, I. PopStefanija, R. T. Bluth, and J. B. Knorr, 2010: A mobile, phased-array Doppler radar for the study of severe convective storms. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 91, 579-600.
7. Brandes, E. A., and K. Ikeda, 2004: Freezing-level estimation with polarimetric radar. J. Appl. Meteor., 43, 1541-1553.
8. Doviak, R. J., and D. S. Zrnićc, 1992: Doppler Radar and Weather Observations. Academic Press, 562 pp.
9. Dowell, D. C., C. R. Alexander, J. M. Wurman, and L. J. Wicker, 2005: Centrifuging of hydrometeors and debris in tornadoes: Radar-reflectivity patterns and wind-measurement errors. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 1501-1524.
10. French, M. M., H. B. Bluestein, I. PopStefanija, C. A. Baldi, and R. T. Bluth, 2013: Reexamining the vertical development of tornadic vortex signatures in supercells. Mon. Wea. Rev., in press.
11. Fujita, T. T., 1981: Tornadoes and downbursts in the context of generalized planetary scales. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1511-1534.
12. Giangrande, S. E., J. M. Krause, and A. V. Ryzhkov, 2008: Automatic designation of the melting layer with a polarimetric prototype of the WSR-88D radar. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 47, 1354-1364.
13. Girardin-Gondeau, J., F. Baudin, and J. Testud, 1991: Comparison of coded waveforms for an airborne meteorological Doppler radar. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 8, 234-246.
14. Harris, F. J., 1978: On the use of windows for harmonic analysis with the discrete Fourier transform. Proc. IEEE, 66, 51-83.
15. Heinselman, P. L., D. S. LaDue, and H. Lazrus, 2012: Exploring impacts of rapid-scan radar data on NWS warning decisions. Wea. Forecasting, 27, 1031-1044.
16. Hildebrand, P. H., and R. K. Moore, 1990: Meteorological radar observations from mobile platforms. Radar in Meteorology, D. Atlas, Ed., Amer. Meteor. Soc., 287-314.
17. Hildebrand, P. H. and Coauthors, 1996: The ELDORA/ASTRAIA airborne Doppler weather radar: High-resolution observations from TOGA COARE. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 213-232.
18. Isom, B. M., and Coauthors, 2009: A new frontier for mobile radar-The atmospheric imaging radar: Design specifications and experimental functionality. Preprints, 34th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Williamsburg, VA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 12B.5. [Available online at https://ams.confex.com/ams/34Radar/techprogram/paper_155711.htm.]
19. Keeler, R. J., and C. L. Frush, 1983: Rapid scan Doppler radar development considerations. Part II: Technology assessment. Preprints, 21st Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Edmonton, AB, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 284-290.
20. Kumjian, M. R., and A. V. Ryzhkov, 2008: Polarimetric signatures in supercell thunderstorms. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 47, 1940-1961.
21. Kumjian, M. R., and A. V. Ryzhkov, V. M. Melnikov, and T. J. Schuur, 2010: Rapid-scan super-resolution observations of a cyclic supercell with a dualpolarization WSR-88D. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 3762-3786.
22. Kurdzo, J. M., J. B. Meier, R. D. Palmer, B. L. Cheong, and G. Zhang, 2012: Pulse compression observations using the Rapid X-band Dual-Polarimetric (RaXPol) mobile radar. Preprints, 28th Conf. on Interactive Information Processing Systems (IIPS), New Orleans, LA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 7B.6. [Available online at https://ams.confex.com/ams/92Annual/webprogram/Paper201123.html.]
23. Loney, M. L., D. S. Zrní, J. M. Straka, and A. V. Ryzhkov, 2002: Enhanced polarimetric signatures above the melting level in a supercell storm. J. Appl. Meteor., 41, 1179-1194.
24. Orzel, K., and Coauthors, 2011: Mobile X-band dual polarization phased-array radar: System requirements and development. Preprints, 35th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Pittsburg, PA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 14A.4. [Available online at https://ams.confex.com/ams/35Radar/webprogram/Paper191899.html.]
25. Palmer, R. D., and Coauthors, 2011: Observations of the 10 May 2010 tornado outbreak using OU-PRIME: Potential for new science with high-resolution polarimetric radar. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 92, 871-891.
26. Palumbo, R. A., E. Knapp, K. Wood, and D. J. McLaughlin, 2012: Deployment considerations and hardware technologies for realizing X-band radar networks. Extended Abstracts, Seventh European Conf. on Radar in Meteorology and Hydrology (ERAD 2012), Toulouse, France, Météeo-France, 13A.1. [Available online at http://www.meteo.fr/cic/meetings/2012/ERAD/extended_abs/NET_249_ext_abs.pdf.]
27. Ryzhkov, A. V., T. J. Schuur, and D. W. Burgess, 2005: Polarimetric tornado detection. J. Appl. Meteor., 44, 557-570.
28. Sadowy, G. A., and Coauthors, 1997: The NASA DC-8 airborne cloud radar: Design and preliminary results. IGARSS'97: 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium; Remote Sensing-AScientificVision for SustainableDevelopment, T. I. Stein, Ed., Vol. 4, IEEE, 1466-1469.
29. Salazar, J. L., E. J. Knapp, and D. J. McLaughlin, 2010: Dualpolarization performance of the phase-tilt antenna array in a CASA dense network radar. Preprints, IEEE Int. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symp. (IGARSS), Honolulu, HI, IEEE, 3470-3473.
30. Snyder, J., H. B. Bluestein, G. Zhang, and S. Frasier, 2010: Attenuation correction and hydrometeor classification of highresolution, X-band, dual-polarized mobile radar measurements in severe convective storms. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 27, 1979-2001.
31. Snyder, J., H. B. Bluestein, V. Venkatesh, and S. J. Frasier, 2013: Observations of polarimetric signatures in supercells from an X-band mobile Doppler radar. Mon. Wea. Rev., 141, 3-29.
32. Tanamachi, R. L., H. B. Bluestein, J. B. Houser, S. J. Frasier, and K. M. Hardwick, 2012: Mobile, X-band, polarimetric Doppler radar observations of the 4 May 2007 Greensburg, Kansas, tornadic supercell. Mon. Wea. Rev., 140, 2103-2125.
33. Tukey, J. W., 1967: An introduction to the calculations of numerical spectrum analysis. Proceedings of the Spectral Analysis of Time Series, B. Harris, Ed., Wiley, 25-46.
34. Wakimoto, R. M., and B. E. Martner, 1992: Observations of a Colorado tornado. Part II: Combined photogrammetric and Doppler radar analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 522-543.
35. Wakimoto, R. M., N. T. Atkins, and J. Wurman, 2011: The LaGrange tornado during VORTEX2. Part I: Photogrammetric analysis of the tornado combined with single-Doppler radar data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 139, 2233-2258.
36. Weadon, M., P. Heinselman, D. Forsyth, J. Kimpel, W. E. Benner, and G. S. Torok, 2009: Multifunction phased array radar. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 90, 385-389.
37. Wilson, T., andR. Rotunno, 1986: Numerical simulation of a laminar end-wall vortex and boundary layer. Phys. Fluids, 29, 3993-4005.
38. Wurman, J., and M. Randall, 2001: An inexpensive, mobile rapidscan radar. Preprints, 30th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Munich, Germany, Amer. Meteor. Soc., P3.4. [Available online at https://ams.confex.com/ams/30radar/techprogram/paper_21577.htm.]
39. Wurman, J., J.M. Straka, and E. N. Rasmussen, 1996: Fine-scale Doppler radar observations of tornadoes. Science, 272, 1774-1777.
40. Wurman, J., C. Alexander, P. Robinson, and Y. Richardson, 2007: Lowlevel winds in tornadoes and potential catastrophic tornado impacts in urban areas. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 88, 31-46.
41. Wurman, J., D. Dowell, Y. Richardson, P. Markowski, E. Rasmussen, D. Burgess, L. Wicker, and H. B. Bluestein, 2012: The Second Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment: VORTEX2. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 93, 1147-1170.
42. Zhang, G., R. J. Doviak, D. S. Zrnić, R. Palmer, L. Lei, and Y. Al-Rashid, 2011: Polarimetric phased-array radar for weather measurement: A planar or cylindrical configuration. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 28, 63-73.
43. Zrnić, D. S., and A. V. Ryzhkov, 1999: Polarimetry for weather surveillance radars. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 389-406.
44. Zrnić, D. S., N. Balakrishnan, C. L. Ziegler, V. N. Bringi, K. Aydin, and T. Matejka, 1993: Polarimetric signatures in the stratiform region of a mesoscale convective system. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 678-693.
45. Zrnić, D. S., and Coauthors, 2007: Agile-beam phased array radar for weather observations. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 88, 1753-1766.