Anogenital distance and umbilical cord testosterone level in newborns in zaria, northern nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 23-28

  Avidime, O M ^a   Avidime, S ^b   Olorunshola, K V ^a   Dikko, A A U ^a  

^a Departments of 1Human Physiology   (Nigeria)

^b AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY   (Nigeria)

Author keywords

Anogenital distance; Anthropometry; Ethnicity; Umbilical cord testosterone

Indexed keywords

TESTOSTERONE;

ANAL CANAL; ARTICLE; BIRTH WEIGHT; BODY HEIGHT; CEPHALOMETRY; CHEMISTRY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; FEMALE; FETUS BLOOD; HEAD; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; MALE; NEWBORN; NIGERIA; ORGAN SIZE; PENIS; PLACENTA; PREGNANCY; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; SEX DIFFERENCE; VULVA;

ANAL CANAL; BIRTH WEIGHT; BODY HEIGHT; CEPHALOMETRY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; FETAL BLOOD; HEAD; HUMANS; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; NIGERIA; ORGAN SIZE; PENIS; PLACENTA; PREGNANCY; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; SEX FACTORS; TESTOSTERONE; VULVA;

EID: 84881259965     PISSN: 0794859X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Aschim, E. L., Grotmol, T. and Haugen T. B. (2006) Increased risk of TD. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 126 (17): 2278-81
2. Asklund, C., Jorgensen, N., Kold Jensen T. and Skakkeback, N. E. (2004). Biology and Epidemiology of TDS. BJU Int. SuppI 3: 6-11
3. Athreya, B. H. (1985) Clinical Methods in Pediatric Diagnosis. Illustrated. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. ISBN 0442233639, 9760442233631.
4. Barlow, N. J. and Foster, P. M. (2003). Pathogenesis of Male Reproductive Tract Lesions from Gestation through Adulthood following in Utero Exposure to Di(n-Butyl) Phthalate. Toxicol Pathol (31):397-410.
5. Breyer, B. (2008) Associations Among Hypospadias, Cryptorchidism, Anogenital Distance, And Endocrine Disruption. 10th May 2010 accessed via www.urotoday.com@1700hrs
6. Callegari, C.; Everett, S.; Ross, M. and Brasel, J. A. (1987) Anogenital Ratio: Measure of Fetal Virilization in Premature and Full-Term Newborn Infants. J Pediatr, (111):240-243.
7. Colón, I.; Caro, D.; Bourdony, C. J. and Rosario, O. (2000) Identification of Phthalate Esters in the Serum of Young Puerto Rican Girls with Premature Breast Development. Environ Health Perspective (108)895-900.
8. Dubowitz, L. M., Dubowitz V., Goldberg, C. (1970) Clinical assessment of gestational age in the newborn infant. J Pediatr (77)1-10.
9. Farr, G. (2003) Why You Should Avoid Soy-Link Between High Soy Diet During Pregnancy and Nursing and Eventual Developmental Changes in Children. 10th May 2010 accessed via www.becomehealthynow./articlecom@1700hrs
10. Foster, P. M.; Cattley, R. C. and Mylchreest, E. (2000) Effects of Di-n-Butyl Phthalate (DBP) on Male Reproductive Development in the Rat: Implications for Human Risk Assessment. Food Chem Toxicol (38)S97-S99.
11. Gallavan, R. H. Jr, Holson, J. F.; Stump, D. G.; Knapp, J. F. and Reynolds, V.L. (1999) Interpreting the Toxicologic Significance of Alterations in Anogenital Distance: Potential for Confounding Effects of Progeny Body Weights. Reprod Toxicol (13)383-390.
12. Giwercman, A., Rylander, L., Hagmar, L. and Giwercman, Y. L. (2006). Ethnic differences in occurrence of TDS-genetic and/or environment? Int. J. Androl 29 (1): 291-7, 304-6
13. Gray, L.E. Jr; Wolf, C.; Lambright, C.; Mann, P.; Price, M.; Cooper, R.L. and Ostby, J. (1999) Administration of Potentially Anti-Androgenic Pesticides (Procymidone, Linuron, Iprodione, Chlozolinate, P, P'-DDE, and Ketoconazole) and Toxic Substances (DiButyl-and Diethylhexyl Phthalate, PCB 169, and Ethane Dimethane Sulphonate) During Sexual Differentiation Produces Diverse Profiles of Reproductive Malformations in the Male Rat. Toxicol Ind Health (15)94-118.
14. Hendrickx, A. G.; Korte, R.; Leuschner, F.; Neumann, B. W.; Prahalada, S.; Poggel, A.; Binkerd, P. E. and Gunzel, P. (1987) Embryotoxicity of Sex Steroidal Hormone Combinations in Non-Human Primates: I. Norethisterone Acetate + Ethinylestradiol and Progesterone + Estradiol Benzoate (Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis, and Papio cynocephalus). Teratology (35)119-127.
15. Lewis, M. S., Bain, J. B. and Bates, I. (Editors) (2001) Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology. 9th Edition, Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
16. National Bureau of Statistics (2011). 25th May 2011 accessed via http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/@ 11.53hrs.
17. Olorunshola, K. V., Akanbi, F. O. And Ekanem, M. E. (2009) Effect of Cypermetrin (Ripcord/Cymbush) on Thyroid Functions of Albino Rats. The Toxicologist (108)1 pp245-246.
18. Phillips, M.; De Boer, C.; Pilpel, D.; Karplus, M. and Sofer, S. (1996) Clitoral and Penile Sizes of Full Term Newborns in Two Different Ethnic Groups. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 9:175-179.
19. Salazar-Martinez, E.; Romano-Riquer, P.; Yanez-Marquez, E. Longnecker, M. P.; and Hernandez-Avila, M. (2004) Anogenital distance in Human Male and Female Newborns: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional Study. Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source (3)8
20. Skakkeback, N. E. (2003) Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome. Horm. Res. 60 Suppl 3:49
21. Skakkeback, N. E., Rajpert-De Meyts, E. and Main, K. M. (2001) Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome: an increasing common developmental disorder with environmental aspects. Human Reprod. 16 (5) 972-8
22. Swan, S. H.; Main, K. M.; Liu, F.; Stewart, S. L.; Kruse, R. L.; Calafat A. M.; Mao, C. S.; Redmond, J. B.; Ternand, C. L.; Sullivan, S.; and Teague, J. L. (2005) Decrease in Anogenital Distance among Male Infants with Prenatal Phthalate Exposure. Environ Health Perspect 113:1056-1061.
23. Tou J. C. L.; Chen, J. and Thompson L. U. (1998) Flaxseed and Its Lignan Precursor, Secoisolariciresinol Diglycoside, Affect Pregnancy Outcome and Reproductive Development in Rats1,2,3.4 J. Nutr. (128) 1861-1868, 1998
24. Weisse, B. (2006) Anogenital Distance; Defining 'Normal' Environmental Health Perspective. (114)7
25. Wohlfahrt-Veje, C., Main, K. M. and Skakkeback, N. E. (2009). Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome: Foetal origin of adult reproductive problems. Clin. Endocrinol (oxf) 71 (4): 459-65