Therapist nonverbal behavior and perceptions of empathy, alliance, and treatment credibility

Journal of Psychotherapy Integration

Volumn 23, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 158-165

  Dowell, Nia M ^a   Berman, Jeffrey S ^a  

^a University of Memphis   (United States)

Author keywords

Credibility; Empathy; Nonverbal behavior; Psychotherapy; Therapeutic alliance

Indexed keywords

EID: 84881243093     PISSN: 10530479     EISSN: 15733696     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0031421     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Alexander, L. B., & Luborsky, L. (1987). The Penn Helping Alliance Scales. In L. S. Greenberg, & W. N. Pinsof (Eds.), The psychotherapeutic process: A research handbook (pp. 325-366). New York: Guilford.
2. Ambady, N., LaPlante, D., Nguyen, T., Rosenthal, R., Chaumeton, N., & Levinson, W. (2002). Surgeons' tone of voice: A clue to malpractice history. Surgery, 132, 5-9. doi:10.1067/msy.2002.124733
3. Ambady, N., & Rosenthal, R. (1992). Thin slices of expressive behavior as predictors of interpersonal consequences: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 256-274. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.111.2.256
4. Annen, S., Roser, P., & Brüne, M. (2012). Nonverbal behavior during clinical interviews: Similarities and dissimilarities among schizophrenia, mania, and depression. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders, 200, 26 -32. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e31823e653b
5. Barak, A., Patkin, J., & Dell, M. D. (1982). Effects of certain counselor behaviors on perceived expertness and attractiveness. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29, 261-267. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.29.3.261
6. Barrett-Lennard, G. T. (1962). Dimensions of therapist response as causal factors in therapeutic change. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 76, 1-36. doi:10.1037/h0093918
7. Bensing, M. J., Kerssens, J. J., & Pasch, M. (1995). Patient-directed gaze as a tool for discovering and handling psychosocial problems in general practice. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 19, 223-242. doi:10.1007/BF02173082
8. Borkovec, T. D., & Nau, S. D. (1972). Credibility of analogue therapy rationales. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 3, 257- 260. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(72)90045-6
9. Burgoon, J. K., Buller, D. B., Hale, J. L., & deTruck, M. A. (1984). Relational messages associated with nonverbal behaviors. Human Communication Research, 10, 351-378. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1984.tb00023.x
10. Claiborn, D. C. (1979). Counselor verbal intervention, nonverbal behavior, and social power. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 26, 378-383. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.26.5.378
11. Darrow, A. A., & Johnson, C. (2009). Preservice music teachers' and therapists' nonverbal behaviors and their relationship to perceived rapport. International Journal of Music Education, 27, 269-280. doi:10.1177/0255761409337276
12. Edelstein, R. S., Alexander, W. K., Shaver, R. P., Schaaf, M. J., Quas, A. J., & Lovas, S. G. (2004). Adult attachment style and parental responsiveness during a stressful event. Attachment & Human Development, 6, 31-52. doi:10.1080/146167303100001659584
13. Fretz, R. B., Corn, R., Tuemmler, M. J., & Bellet, W. (1979). Counselor nonverbal behaviors and client evaluations. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 26, 304-311. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.26.4.304
14. Gottman, M. J., & Notarius, I. C. (2000). Decade review: Observing marital interaction. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62, 927-947. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00927.x
15. Graves, R. J., & Robinson, D. J. (1976). Proxemic behavior as a function of inconsistent verbal and nonverbal messages. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 23, 333-338. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.23.4.333
16. Hall, J. A. (2009). Nonverbal behavior in social psychology research: The good, the bad, and the ugly. In C. Agnew, D. Carlston, W. Graziano, & J. Kelly (Eds.), Then a miracle occurs: Focusing on behavior in social psychology theory and research (pp. 412- 437). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195377798.003.0021
17. Hall, J. A., Harrigan, J. A., & Rosenthal, R. (1995). Nonverbal behavior in clinician-patient interaction. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 4, 21-37 doi:10.1016/S0962-1849(05)80049-6
18. Hill, C. E., & Stephany, A. (1990). Relation of nonverbal behavior to client reactions. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 37, 22-26. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.37.1.22
19. Kelly, F. D. (1972). Communicational significance of the therapist proxemic cues. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 39, 345. doi: 10.1037/h0033423
20. Kelly, W. E., & True, H. J. (1980). Eye contact and communication of facultative conditions. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 51, 815-820. doi:10.2466/pms.1980.51.3.815
21. Kim, B. S., Liang, C. T. H., & Li, L. C. (2003). Counselor ethnicity, counselor nonverbal behavior, and session outcome with Asian clients: Initial findings. Journal of Counseling & Development, 81, 202-207. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2003.tb00243.x
22. LaCrosse, B. M. (1975). Nonverbal behavior and perceived counselor attractiveness and persuasiveness. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 22, 563- 566. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.22.6.563
23. Lemay, E. P., Jr., Clark, M. S., & Feeney, B. C. (2007). Projection of responsiveness to needs and the construction of satisfying communal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 834-853. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.5.834
24. Maisel, N. C., Gable, S. L., & Strachman, A. (2008). Responsive behaviors in good times and in bad. Personal Relationships, 15, 317-338. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2008.00201.x
25. Mann, S., Vrij, A., & Bull, R. (2002). Suspects, lies, and videotape: An analysis of authentic high-stake liars. Law and Human Behavior, 26, 365-376. doi:10.1023/A:1015332606792
26. Mast, M. S. (2007). On the importance of nonverbal communication in the physician-patient interaction. Patient Education and Counseling, 67, 315- 318. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2007.03.005
27. Murray, S. L., Holmes, J. G., & Collins, N. L. (2006). Optimizing assurance: The risk regulation system in relationships. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 641- 666. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.5.641
28. Reade, N. M., & Smouse, D. A. (1980). Effect of inconsistent verbal-nonverbal communication and counselor response mode on client estimate of counselor regard and effectiveness. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 27, 546 -553. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.27.6.546
29. Reis, H. T., Collins, W., & Berscheid, E. (2000). The relationship context of human behavior and development. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 844-872. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.6.844
30. Sharpley, C. F., Jeffrey, A. M., & Mcmah, T. (2006). Counselor facial expression and client-perceived rapport. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 19, 343-356. doi:10.1080/09515070601058706
31. Siegel, C. J., & Sell, M. J. (1978). Effects of objective evidence of expertness and nonverbal behavior on client-perceived expertness. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 25, 188 -192. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.25.3.188
32. Spooner, C. L., & Lyddon, J. W. (2007). Sandtray therapy for inpatient sexual addiction treatment: An application of constructivist change principles. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 20, 53-85. doi:10.1080/10720530600992782
33. Stiles, W. B., Honos-Webb, L., & Surko, M. (1998). Responsiveness in psychotherapy. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 5, 439-458. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2850.1998.tb00166.x
34. Tepper, T. D., & Haase, F. R. (1978). Verbal and nonverbal communication of facilitative conditions. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 25, 35-
35. Tyson, J. A., & Wall, S. M. (1983). Effects of inconsistency between counselor verbal and nonverbal behavior in perceptions of counselor attributes. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 30, 433-437. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.30.3.433
36. Witt, L. P., Wheeless, R. L., & Allen, A. (2004). A meta-analytical review of the relationship between teacher immediacy and student learning. Communication Monographs, 71, 184-207. doi:10.1080/036452042000228054
37. Young, W. D. (1980). Meanings of counselor nonverbal gestures: Fixed or interpretive? Journal of Counseling Psychology, 27, 447- 452. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.27.5.447