메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 188, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 141-149

Fibrosing interstitial lung disease: A practical high-resolution computed tomography-based approach to diagnosis and management and a review of the literature

Author keywords

Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis; Connective tissue disease; Fibrosing interstitial lung disease; Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia; Usual interstitial pneumonia

Indexed keywords

ALLERGIC PNEUMONITIS; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCANNER; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; FIBROSING ALVEOLITIS; FIBROSING INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE; HIGH RESOLUTION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE; INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA; LUNG BIOPSY; LUNG FIBROSIS; MEDICAL SOCIETY; MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW;

EID: 84881157502     PISSN: 1073449X     EISSN: 15354970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201208-1544CI     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (72)

References (75)
  • 1
    • 82455172277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interstitial lung disease: The initial approach
    • Alhamad EH, Cosgrove GP. Interstitial lung disease: the initial approach. Med Clin North Am 2011;95: 1071-1093.
    • (2011) Med Clin North Am , vol.95 , pp. 1071-1093
    • Alhamad, E.H.1    Cosgrove, G.P.2
  • 2
    • 85008987259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This joint statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) was adopted by the ATS board of directors, June 2001 and by the ERS Executive Committee, 2001
    • American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society International Multidisciplinary Consensus Classification of the Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias
    • American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society International Multidisciplinary Consensus Classification of the Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias. This joint statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) was adopted by the ATS board of directors, June 2001 and by the ERS Executive Committee, 2001. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165: 277-304.
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.165 , pp. 277-304
  • 3
    • 37349123498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Differentiation from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia by using thin-section CT
    • Silva CI, Müller NL, Lynch DA, Curran-Everett D, Brown KK, Lee KS, ChungMP, Churg A. Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: differentiation from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia by using thin-section CT. Radiology 2008;246: 288-297.
    • (2008) Radiology , vol.246 , pp. 288-297
    • Silva, C.I.1    Müller, N.L.2    Lynch, D.A.3    Curran-Everett, D.4    Brown, K.K.5    Lee, K.S.6    Chung, M.P.7    Churg, A.8
  • 4
    • 33751206228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular vs fibrosing interstitial pneumonias and prognosis: A practical classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias and pathologically/radiologically similar conditions
    • Churg A, Müller NL. Cellular vs fibrosing interstitial pneumonias and prognosis: a practical classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias and pathologically/radiologically similar conditions. Chest 2006;130: 1566-1570.
    • (2006) Chest , vol.130 , pp. 1566-1570
    • Churg, A.1    Müller, N.L.2
  • 5
    • 79952717349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Committee on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. An official ATS/ERS/ JRS/ALAT statement: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management
    • Raghu G, Collard HR, Egan JJ, Martinez FJ, Behr J, Brown KK, Colby TV, Cordier JF, Flaherty KR, Lasky JA, et al.; ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Committee on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. An official ATS/ERS/ JRS/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011;183: 788-824.
    • (2011) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.183 , pp. 788-824
    • Raghu, G.1    Collard, H.R.2    Egan, J.J.3    Martinez, F.J.4    Behr, J.5    Brown, K.K.6    Colby, T.V.7    Cordier, J.F.8    Flaherty, K.R.9    Lasky, J.A.10
  • 8
    • 84873989593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of low-dose computed tomography (CT) for detecting and characterizing the most common CT-patterns of pulmonary disease
    • Christe A, Charimo-Torrente J, Roychoudhury K, Vock P, Roos JE. Accuracy of low-dose computed tomography (CT) for detecting and characterizing the most common CT-patterns of pulmonary disease. Eur J Radiol 2013;82:e142-e150.
    • (2013) Eur J Radiol , vol.82
    • Christe, A.1    Charimo-Torrente, J.2    Roychoudhury, K.3    Vock, P.4    Roos, J.E.5
  • 10
    • 57749195599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conventional high-resolution CT versus contiguous multidetector CT in the detection of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in lung transplant recipients
    • Dodd JD, de Jong PA, Levy RD, Coxson HO, Mayo Jr. Conventional high-resolution CT versus contiguous multidetector CT in the detection of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in lung transplant recipients. J Thorac Imaging 2008;23: 235-243.
    • (2008) J Thorac Imaging , vol.23 , pp. 235-243
    • Dodd, J.D.1    De Jong, P.A.2    Levy, R.D.3    Coxson, H.O.4    Mayo, J.R.5
  • 11
    • 33646672887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiation doses to patients receiving computed tomography examinations in British Columbia
    • Aldrich JE, Bilawich AM, Mayo Jr. Radiation doses to patients receiving computed tomography examinations in British Columbia. Can Assoc Radiol J 2006;57: 79-85.
    • (2006) Can Assoc Radiol J , vol.57 , pp. 79-85
    • Aldrich, J.E.1    Bilawich, A.M.2    Mayo, J.R.3
  • 16
    • 79957844345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Honeycomb lung: History and current concepts
    • Arakawa H, Honma K. Honeycomb lung: history and current concepts. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011;196: 773-782.
    • (2011) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.196 , pp. 773-782
    • Arakawa, H.1    Honma, K.2
  • 18
    • 84861911665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An earlier and more confident diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
    • du Bois RM. An earlier and more confident diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir Rev 2012;21: 141-146.
    • (2012) Eur Respir Rev , vol.21 , pp. 141-146
    • Du Bois, R.M.1
  • 19
    • 30744451720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Frequency and clinical features
    • Kim DS, Park JH, Park BK, Lee JS, Nicholson AG, Colby T. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: frequency and clinical features. Eur Respir J 2006;27: 143-150.
    • (2006) Eur Respir J , vol.27 , pp. 143-150
    • Kim, D.S.1    Park, J.H.2    Park, B.K.3    Lee, J.S.4    Nicholson, A.G.5    Colby, T.6
  • 21
    • 0027367986 scopus 로고
    • Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Progression of honeycombing at thin-section CT
    • Akira M, Sakatani M, Ueda E. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: progression of honeycombing at thin-section CT. Radiology 1993;189: 687-691.
    • (1993) Radiology , vol.189 , pp. 687-691
    • Akira, M.1    Sakatani, M.2    Ueda, E.3
  • 22
    • 33744908816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis an environmental disease?
    • Taskar VS, Coultas DB. Is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis an environmental disease? Proc Am Thorac Soc 2006;3: 293-298.
    • (2006) Proc Am Thorac Soc , vol.3 , pp. 293-298
    • Taskar, V.S.1    Coultas, D.B.2
  • 23
    • 0026662755 scopus 로고
    • High resolution computed tomographic assessment of asbestosis and cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: A comparative study
    • al-Jarad N, Strickland B, Pearson MC, Rubens MB, Rudd RM. High resolution computed tomographic assessment of asbestosis and cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: a comparative study. Thorax 1992;47: 645-650.
    • (1992) Thorax , vol.47 , pp. 645-650
    • Al-Jarad, N.1    Strickland, B.2    Pearson, M.C.3    Rubens, M.B.4    Rudd, R.M.5
  • 24
    • 0022379117 scopus 로고
    • Fine structural changes in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and asbestosis
    • Corrin B, Dewar A, Rodriguez-Roisin R, Turner-Warwick M. Fine structural changes in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and asbestosis. J Pathol 1985;147: 107-119.
    • (1985) J Pathol , vol.147 , pp. 107-119
    • Corrin, B.1    Dewar, A.2    Rodriguez-Roisin, R.3    Turner-Warwick, M.4
  • 25
    • 33846002739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: A clinicopathological perspective
    • Thannickal VJ. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: a clinicopathological perspective. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2006;27: 569-573.
    • (2006) Semin Respir Crit Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 569-573
    • Thannickal, V.J.1
  • 27
    • 0026529108 scopus 로고
    • Usual interstitial pneumonia: Histologic correlation with high-resolution CT
    • Nishimura K, Kitaichi M, Izumi T, Nagai S, Kanaoka M, Itoh H. Usual interstitial pneumonia: histologic correlation with high-resolution CT. Radiology 1992;182: 337-342.
    • (1992) Radiology , vol.182 , pp. 337-342
    • Nishimura, K.1    Kitaichi, M.2    Izumi, T.3    Nagai, S.4    Kanaoka, M.5    Itoh, H.6
  • 29
    • 0026031087 scopus 로고
    • Chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease: Diagnostic value of chest radiography and high-resolution CT
    • Grenier P, Valeyre D, Cluzel P, Brauner MW, Lenoir S, Chastang C. Chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease: diagnostic value of chest radiography and high-resolution CT. Radiology 1991;179: 123-132.
    • (1991) Radiology , vol.179 , pp. 123-132
    • Grenier, P.1    Valeyre, D.2    Cluzel, P.3    Brauner, M.W.4    Lenoir, S.5    Chastang, C.6
  • 31
    • 0030854312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffuse lung disease: Diagnostic accuracy of CT in patients undergoing surgical biopsy of the lung
    • Swensen SJ, Aughenbaugh GL, Myers JL. Diffuse lung disease: diagnostic accuracy of CT in patients undergoing surgical biopsy of the lung. Radiology 1997;205: 229-234.
    • (1997) Radiology , vol.205 , pp. 229-234
    • Swensen, S.J.1    Aughenbaugh, G.L.2    Myers, J.L.3
  • 34
    • 0034757915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution CT of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
    • Lynch DA. High-resolution CT of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Radiol Clin North Am 2001;39: 1153-1170.
    • (2001) Radiol Clin North Am , vol.39 , pp. 1153-1170
    • Lynch, D.A.1
  • 36
    • 0345240934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia with fibrosis: Serial high-resolution CT findings with functional correlation
    • Kim EY, Lee KS, Chung MP, Kwon OJ, Kim TS, Hwang JH. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia with fibrosis: serial high-resolution CT findings with functional correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1999;173: 949-953.
    • (1999) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.173 , pp. 949-953
    • Kim, E.Y.1    Lee, K.S.2    Chung, M.P.3    Kwon, O.J.4    Kim, T.S.5    Hwang, J.H.6
  • 39
    • 28044474076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathologic subgroups of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: Differential diagnosis from other idiopathic interstitial pneumonias on high-resolution computed tomography
    • Tsubamoto M, Müller NL, Johkoh T, Ichikado K, Taniguchi H, Kondoh Y, Fujimoto K, Arakawa H, Koyama M, Kozuka T, et al. Pathologic subgroups of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: differential diagnosis from other idiopathic interstitial pneumonias on high-resolution computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2005;29: 793-800.
    • (2005) J Comput Assist Tomogr , vol.29 , pp. 793-800
    • Tsubamoto, M.1    Müller, N.L.2    Johkoh, T.3    Ichikado, K.4    Taniguchi, H.5    Kondoh, Y.6    Fujimoto, K.7    Arakawa, H.8    Koyama, M.9    Kozuka, T.10
  • 43
    • 84859176273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: Changes in high-resolution computed tomography on long-term follow-up
    • Kim MY, Song JW, Do KH, Jang SJ, Colby TV, Kim DS. Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: changes in high-resolution computed tomography on long-term follow-up. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2012;36: 170-174.
    • (2012) J Comput Assist Tomogr , vol.36 , pp. 170-174
    • Kim, M.Y.1    Song, J.W.2    Do, K.H.3    Jang, S.J.4    Colby, T.V.5    Kim, D.S.6
  • 45
    • 64949168585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usual interstitial pneumonia and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia with and without concurrent emphysema: Thin-section CT findings
    • Akira M, Inoue Y, Kitaichi M, Yamamoto S, Arai T, Toyokawa K. Usual interstitial pneumonia and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia with and without concurrent emphysema: thin-section CT findings. Radiology 2009;251: 271-279.
    • (2009) Radiology , vol.251 , pp. 271-279
    • Akira, M.1    Inoue, Y.2    Kitaichi, M.3    Yamamoto, S.4    Arai, T.5    Toyokawa, K.6
  • 47
    • 84865295963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Insights in diagnosis and pathobiology
    • Selman M, Pardo A, King TE Jr. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: insights in diagnosis and pathobiology. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012;186: 314-324.
    • (2012) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.186 , pp. 314-324
    • Selman, M.1    Pardo, A.2    King Jr., T.E.3
  • 48
    • 0030899739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis
    • Schuyler M, Cormier Y. The diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Chest 1997;111: 534-536.
    • (1997) Chest , vol.111 , pp. 534-536
    • Schuyler, M.1    Cormier, Y.2
  • 49
    • 84863799505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in hypersensitivity pneumonitis
    • Lacasse Y, Girard M, Cormier Y. Recent advances in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Chest 2012;142: 208-217.
    • (2012) Chest , vol.142 , pp. 208-217
    • Lacasse, Y.1    Girard, M.2    Cormier, Y.3
  • 50
    • 0037090894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis as the sole histologic expression of hypersensitivity pneumonitis
    • Vourlekis JS, Schwarz MI, Cool CD, Tuder RM, King TE, Brown KK. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis as the sole histologic expression of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Med 2002;112: 490-493.
    • (2002) Am J Med , vol.112 , pp. 490-493
    • Vourlekis, J.S.1    Schwarz, M.I.2    Cool, C.D.3    Tuder, R.M.4    King, T.E.5    Brown, K.K.6
  • 52
    • 42449112494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Changes in pattern and distribution of disease over time
    • Silva CI, Müller NL, Hansell DM, Lee KS, Nicholson AG, Wells AU. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: changes in pattern and distribution of disease over time. Radiology 2008;247: 251-259.
    • (2008) Radiology , vol.247 , pp. 251-259
    • Silva, C.I.1    Müller, N.L.2    Hansell, D.M.3    Lee, K.S.4    Nicholson, A.G.5    Wells, A.U.6
  • 53
    • 33846473081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Spectrum of high-resolution CT and pathologic findings
    • Silva CIS, Churg A, Müller NL. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: spectrum of high-resolution CT and pathologic findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007;188: 334-344.
    • (2007) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.188 , pp. 334-344
    • Silva, C.I.S.1    Churg, A.2    Müller, N.L.3
  • 54
    • 0033982483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: Prognostic significance of cellular and fibrosing patterns: Survival comparison with usual interstitial pneumonia and desquamative interstitial pneumonia
    • Travis WD, Matsui K, Moss J, Ferrans VJ. Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: prognostic significance of cellular and fibrosing patterns: survival comparison with usual interstitial pneumonia and desquamative interstitial pneumonia. Am J Surg Pathol 2000;24: 19-33.
    • (2000) Am J Surg Pathol , vol.24 , pp. 19-33
    • Travis, W.D.1    Matsui, K.2    Moss, J.3    Ferrans, V.J.4
  • 56
    • 36048995043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenges in pulmonary fibrosis x 5: The NSIP UIP debate
    • du Bois R, King TE Jr. Challenges in pulmonary fibrosis x 5: the NSIP/ UIP debate. Thorax 2007;62: 1008-1012.
    • (2007) Thorax , vol.62 , pp. 1008-1012
    • Du Bois, R.1    King Jr., T.E.2
  • 58
    • 1242351701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic implications of histologic patterns in multiple surgical lung biopsies from patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
    • Monaghan H, Wells AU, Colby TV, du Bois RM, Hansell DM, Nicholson AG. Prognostic implications of histologic patterns in multiple surgical lung biopsies from patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Chest 2004; 125: 522-526.
    • (2004) Chest , vol.125 , pp. 522-526
    • Monaghan, H.1    Wells, A.U.2    Colby, T.V.3    Du Bois, R.M.4    Hansell, D.M.5    Nicholson, A.G.6
  • 59
    • 77955363189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: A call for clarification
    • Fischer A, West SG, Swigris JJ, Brown KK, du Bois RM. Connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: a call for clarification. Chest 2010;138: 251-256.
    • (2010) Chest , vol.138 , pp. 251-256
    • Fischer, A.1    West, S.G.2    Swigris, J.J.3    Brown, K.K.4    Du Bois, R.M.5
  • 61
    • 81055129540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune-featured interstitial lung disease: A distinct entity
    • Vij R, Noth I, Strek ME. Autoimmune-featured interstitial lung disease: a distinct entity. Chest 2011;140: 1292-1299.
    • (2011) Chest , vol.140 , pp. 1292-1299
    • Vij, R.1    Noth, I.2    Strek, M.E.3
  • 62
    • 84874964225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and treatment of connective tissue diseaseassociated interstitial lung disease
    • Vij R, Strek ME. Diagnosis and treatment of connective tissue diseaseassociated interstitial lung disease. Chest 2013;143: 814-824.
    • (2013) Chest , vol.143 , pp. 814-824
    • Vij, R.1    Strek, M.E.2
  • 67
    • 0028140298 scopus 로고
    • Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia/fibrosis. Histologic features and clinical significance
    • Katzenstein AL, Fiorelli RF. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia/fibrosis. Histologic features and clinical significance. Am J Surg Pathol 1994; 18: 136-147.
    • (1994) Am J Surg Pathol , vol.18 , pp. 136-147
    • Katzenstein, A.L.1    Fiorelli, R.F.2
  • 70
    • 19844364650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes and safety of surgical lung biopsy for interstitial lung disease
    • Lettieri CJ, Veerappan GR, Helman DL, Mulligan CR, Shorr AF. Outcomes and safety of surgical lung biopsy for interstitial lung disease. Chest 2005;127: 1600-1605.
    • (2005) Chest , vol.127 , pp. 1600-1605
    • Lettieri, C.J.1    Veerappan, G.R.2    Helman, D.L.3    Mulligan, C.R.4    Shorr, A.F.5
  • 71
    • 78751477820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia following lung surgery in 3 of 68 consecutive patients: A retrospective study
    • Sakamoto S, Homma S, Mun M, Fujii T, Kurosaki A, Yoshimura K. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia following lung surgery in 3 of 68 consecutive patients: a retrospective study. Intern Med 2011;50: 77-85.
    • (2011) Intern Med , vol.50 , pp. 77-85
    • Sakamoto, S.1    Homma, S.2    Mun, M.3    Fujii, T.4    Kurosaki, A.5    Yoshimura, K.6
  • 72
    • 79953715636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Guidelines for diagnosis and clinical management have advanced from consensus-based in 2000 to evidence-based in 2011
    • Raghu G. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: guidelines for diagnosis and clinical management have advanced from consensus-based in 2000 to evidence-based in 2011. Eur Respir J 2011;37: 743-746.
    • (2011) Eur Respir J , vol.37 , pp. 743-746
    • Raghu, G.1
  • 74
    • 0031013772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • British Thoracic Society study of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: Current presentation and initial management
    • Fibrosing Alveolitis Subcommittee of the Research Committee of the British Thoracic Society
    • Johnston ID, Prescott RJ, Chalmers JC, Rudd RM; Fibrosing Alveolitis Subcommittee of the Research Committee of the British Thoracic Society. British Thoracic Society study of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: current presentation and initial management. Thorax 1997;52: 38-44.
    • (1997) Thorax , vol.52 , pp. 38-44
    • Johnston, I.D.1    Prescott, R.J.2    Chalmers, J.C.3    Rudd, R.M.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.