Managing obsessive thoughts during brief exposure: An experimental study comparing mindfulness-based strategies and distraction in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Cognitive Therapy and Research

Volumn 37, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 752-761

  Wahl, Karina ^a   Huelle, Jan O ^b   Zurowski, Bartosz ^c   Kordon, Andreas ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER HAMBURG EPPENDORF   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LÜBECK   (Germany)

Author keywords

Distraction; Experimental study; Exposure; Mindfulness; Obsessive compulsive disorder

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITIVE THERAPY; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISTRACTION STRATEGY; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; EXPOSURE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MEDITATION; MENTAL PATIENT; MINDFULNESS BASED STRATEGY; OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; STRUCTURED INTERVIEW; TIME;

EID: 84881152664     PISSN: 01475916     EISSN: 15732819     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10608-012-9503-2     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Abramowitz, J. S. (2002). Treatment of obsessive thoughts and cognitive rituals using exposure and response prevention. Clinical Case Studies, 1, 6-24. doi: 10.1177/1534650102001001002.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
3. Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10, 125-143. doi: 10.1093/clipsy.bpg015.
4. Beck, A. T.; Epstein, N.; Brown, G.; & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893-897. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.56.6. 893.
5. Beck, A. T.; Steer, R. A.; & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the Beck depression inventory (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation, Harcourt, Brace.
6. Broderick, P. C. (2005). Mindfulness and coping with dysphoric mood: Contrasts with rumination and distraction. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 501-510. doi: 10.1007/s10608-005-3888-0.
7. Brown, K. W.; Ryan, R. M.; & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18(4), 211-237. doi: 10.1080/10478400701598298.
8. Clark, D. A.; & Purdon, C. (1993). New perspectives for a cognitive theory of obsessions. Australian Psychologist, 28, 161-167. doi: 10.1080/00050069308258896.
9. Didonna, F. (2009). Mindfulness and obsessive-compulsive disorder: Developing a way to trust and validate one's internal experiences. In F. Didonna (Ed.), Clinical handbook of mindfulness (pp. 189-220). Berlin: Springer.
10. Fairfax, H. (2008). The use of mindfulness in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Suggestions for its application and integration in existing treatment. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 15, 53-59. doi: 10.1002/cpp.557.
11. First, M. B.; & Gibbon, M. (2004). The structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorder (SCID-I) and the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis II disorder (SCID-II). In M. J. Hilsenroth & D. L. Segal (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychological assessment: Personality assessment (Vol. 2). Hoboken: Wiley.
12. Foa, E. B.; Huppert, J. D.; Leiberg, S.; Langner, R.; Kichic, R.; Hajcak, G.; et al. (2002). The obsessive-compulsive inventory: Development and validation of a short version. Psychological Assessment, 14, 485-496. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.14.4.485.
13. Foa, E. B.; & Kozak, M. J. (1986). Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 20-35. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.20.
14. Foa, E. B.; Steketee, G. S.; Grayson, J. B.; Turner, R. M.; & Latimer, P. R. (1984). Deliberate exposure and blocking of obsessive-compulsive rituals: Immediate and long-term effects. Behavior Therapy, 15, 450-472. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7894(84)80049-0.
15. Freeston, M. H.; & Ladouceur, R. (1997). What do patients do with their obsessive thoughts? Behaviour Therapy and Research, 35, 335-348. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7967(96)00094-0.
16. Freeston, M. H.; Ladouceur, R.; Gagnon, F.; Thibodeau, N.; Rhéaume, J.; Letarte, H.; et al. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive-thoughts: A controlled study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 405-413. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.65.3.405.
17. Gönner, S.; Leonhart, R.; & Ecker, W. (2008). The obsessive-compulsive inventory-revised (OCI-R): Validation of the German version in a sample of patients with OCD, anxiety disorders, and depressive disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 734-749. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.07.007.
18. Goodman, W. K.; Price, L. H.; Rasmussen, S. A.; Mazure, C.; Fleischmann, R. L.; Hill, C. L.; et al. (1989). The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale: Development, use and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 1006-1011. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007.
19. Grayson, J. B.; Foa, E. B.; & Steketee, G. S. (1982). Habituation during exposure treatment: Distraction vs attention-focusing. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 20, 323-328. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(82)90091-2.
20. Grayson, J. B.; Foa, E. B.; & Steketee, G. S. (1986). Exposure in vivo of obsessive-compulsives under distraction and attention-focusing conditions: Replication and extension. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24, 475-479. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(86)90013-6.
21. Hand, I.; & Buettner-Westphal, H. (1991). Die Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS): Ein halbstrukturiertes Interview zur Beurteilung des Schweregrades von Denk- und Handlungszwängen [The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS): A semistructured interview for assessing severity of compulsive cognitions and behavior]. Verhaltenstherapie, 1, 226-233. doi: 10.1159/000108846.
22. Hannan, S. E.; & Tolin, D. F. (2005). Mindfulness- and acceptance-based behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. In S. M. Orsillo & L. Roemer (Eds.), Acceptance and mindfulness-based approaches to anxiety. Conceptualization and treatment. Series in anxiety and related disorders (pp. 271-299). doi: 10.1007/0-387-25989-9-11.
23. Hanstede, M.; Gidron, Y.; & Nyklicek, I. (2008). The effects of a mindfulness intervention on obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a non-clinical student population. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 196, 776-779. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e31818786b8.
24. Hautzinger, M.; Bailer, M.; Worall, H.; & Keller, F. (1995). Beck-depressions-inventar (BDI) [Beck depression inventory (BDI)] (2nd ed.). Bern: Huber.
25. Hofmann, S. G.; Sawyer, A. T.; Witt, A. A.; & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 169-183. doi: 10.1037/a0018555.
26. Hoogduin, K.; de Haan, E.; Schaap, C.; & Arts, W. (1987). Exposure and response prevention in patients with obsessions. Acta Psychiatrica Belgica, 87(6), 640-653.
27. Huffziger, S.; & Kuehner, C. (2009). Rumination, distraction, and mindful self-focus in depressed patients. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 224-230. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2008.12.005.
28. Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Delta.
29. Kühner, C.; Bürger, C.; Keller, F.; & Hautzinger, M. (2007). Reliabilitaet und Validitaet des revidierten Beck-Depressionsinventars (BDI-II) [Reliability and validity of the revised beck depression inventory (BDI-II)]. Nervenarzt, 78, 651-656. doi: 10.1007/s00115-006-2098-7.
30. Ladouceur, R.; Freeston, M.; Gagnon, F.; Thibodeau, N.; & Dumont, J. (1993). Idiographic considerations in the behavioral treatment of obsessional thoughts. Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 24, 301-310. doi: 10.1016/0005-7916(93)90054-Z.
31. Laux, L.; Glanzmann, P.; Schaffner, P.; & Spielberger, C. D. (1981). Das State-Trait-Angstinventar (STAI). Theoretische Grundlagen und Handanweisung [The state-trait-anxiety-inventory (STAI). Theoretical background and instructions]. Weinheim: Beltz.
32. Marcks, B. A.; & Woods, D. W. (2005). A comparison of thought suppression to an acceptance-based technique in the management of personal intrusive thoughts: A controlled evaluation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 433-445. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2004.03.005.
33. Margraf, J.; & Ehlers, A. (2003). Beck-Angst-Inventar. Deutschsprachige Adaptation des Beck Anxiety Inventory von A.T.Beck und R.A. Stern [Beck-anxiety-inventory. German adaptation of the Beck anxiety inventory from A. T. Beck and R. A. Stern]. Bern: Huber.
34. Najmi, S.; Riemann, B. C.; & Wegner, D. M. (2009). Managing unwanted intrusive thoughts in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Relative effectiveness of suppression, focused distraction, and acceptance. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 494-503. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.02.015.
35. Patel, S. R.; Carmody, J.; & Simpson, H. B. (2007). Adapting mindfulness-based stress reduction for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A case report. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 14, 375-380. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2006.08.006.
36. Rachman, S. (1997). A cognitive theory of obsessions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 793-802. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00040-5.
37. Salkovskis, P. M. (1983). Treatment of an obsessional patient using habituation to audiotaped ruminations. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 22, 311-313. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1983.tb00618.x.
38. Salkovskis, P. M. (1985). Obsessional-compulsive problems: A cognitive-behavioural analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 571-583. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(85)90105-6.
39. Salkovskis, P. M.; Thorpe, S. J.; Wahl, K.; Wroe, A. L.; & Forrester, E. (2003). Neutralizing increases discomfort associated with obsessional thoughts: An experimental study with obsessional patients. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 709-715. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.112.4.709.
40. Salkovskis, P. M.; & Westbrook, D. (1989). Behaviour therapy and obsessional rumination: Can failure be turned into success? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 27, 149-160. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(89)90073-9.
41. Segal, Z. V.; Williams, J. M. G.; & Teasdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse. New York: The Guilford Press.
42. Singh, N. N.; Wahler, R. G.; Winton, A. S.; Adkins, W.; & The Mindfulness Research Group. (2004). A mindfulness based treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Clinical Case Studies, 3, 275-287. doi: 10.1177/1534650103259646.
43. Spielberger, C. D.; Gorsuch, R. L.; Lushene, R.; Vagg, P. K.; & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory for adults. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
44. Storch, E. A.; Shapira, N. A.; Dimoulas, E.; Geffken, G. R.; Murphy, T. K.; & Goodman, W. K. (2005). Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale: The dimensional structure revisited. Depression and Anxiety, 22, 28-35. doi: 10.1002/da.20088.
45. Twohig, M. P.; Hayes, S. C.; Plumb, J. C.; Pruitt, L. D.; Collins, A. B.; Hazlett-Stevens, H.; et al. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy vs. progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 705-716. doi: 10.1037/a0020508.
46. Wilkinson-Tough, M.; Bocci, L.; Thorne, K.; & Herlihy, J. (2010). Is mindfulness-based therapy an effective intervention for obsessive intrusive thoughts? Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 17, 250-268. doi: 10.1002/cpp.665.