Facial morphology predicts male fitness and rank but not survival in second world war finnish soldiers

Biology Letters

Volumn 9, Issue 4, 2013, Pages

  Loehr, John ^a   O'Hara, Robert B ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^b BIODIVERSITY AND CLIMATE RESEARCH CENTRE BIK F   (Germany)

Author keywords

Facial morphology; Lifetime reproductive success; Social dominance; Survival; War

Indexed keywords

AGGREGATION; DOMINANCE; FITNESS; MILITARY APPLICATION; MORPHOLOGY; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SOCIAL STATUS; SURVIVAL; WAR;

ADULT; ARTICLE; FACE; FACIAL MORPHOLOGY; FINLAND; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; LIFETIME REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MALE; REPRODUCTIVE FITNESS; SOCIAL DOMINANCE; SOLDIER; SURVIVAL; WAR; YOUNG ADULT; ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY;

FACIAL MORPHOLOGY; LIFETIME REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SOCIAL DOMINANCE; SURVIVAL; WAR;

ADULT; FACE; FINLAND; GENETIC FITNESS; HUMANS; MALE; MILITARY PERSONNEL; SOCIAL DOMINANCE; SURVIVAL; WORLD WAR II; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84880801195     PISSN: 17449561     EISSN: 1744957X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2013.0049     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Darwin CR. 1871 The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex, vol. 1, 1st edn. London, UK: John Murray.
2. Choi J-K, Bowles S. 2007 The coevolution of parochial altruism and war. Science 318, 636-640. (doi:10.1126/science.1144237). (Pubitemid 350014835)
3. Lehmann L, Feldman M. 2008 War and the evolution of belligerence and bravery. Proc. R. Soc. B 275, 2877-2885. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0842). (Pubitemid 352790140)
4. Beckerman S, Erickson PI, Yost J, Regalado J, Jaramillo L, Sparks C, Iromenga M, Long K. 2009 Life histories, blood revenge, and reproductive success among the Waorani of Ecuador. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 8134-8139. (doi:10.1073/pnas. 0901431106).
5. Chagnon NA. 1988 Life histories, blood revenge and warfare in a tribal population. Science 239, 985- 992. (doi:10.1126/science.239.4843.985).
6. Mueller U, Mazur A. 1997 Facial dominance in Homo sapiens as honest signaling of male quality. Behav. Ecol. 8, 569-579. (doi:10.1093/beheco/8.5.569) . (Pubitemid 28060775)
7. Penton-Voak IS, Perrett DI, Castles DL, Kobayashi T, Burt DM, Murray LK, Minamisawa R. 1999 Menstrual cycle alters face preference. Nature 399, 741-742. (doi:10.1038/21557). (Pubitemid 29293161)
8. Fink B, Penton-Voak I. 2002 Evolutionary psychology of facial attractiveness. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 11, 154-158. (doi:10.1111/1467-8721. 00190).
9. Jokela M. 2009 Physical attractiveness and reproductive success in humans: evidence from the late 20th century United States. Evol. Hum. Behav. 30, 342-350. (doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009. 03.006).
10. Prokop P, Fedor P. 2011 Physical attractiveness influences reproductive success of modern men. J. Ethol. 29, 453-458. (doi:10.1007/s10164-011- 0274-0).
11. Penton-Voak IS, Chen JY. 2004 High salivary testosterone is linked to masculine male facial appearance in humans. Evol. Hum. Behav. 25, 229-241. (doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004. 04.003). (Pubitemid 38982401)
12. Sell A, Cosmides L, Tooby J, Sznycer D, von Rueden C, Gurven M. 2008 Human adaptations for the visual assessment of strength and fighting ability from the body and face. Proc. R. Soc. B 276, 575-584. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2008. 1177).
13. Weston EM, Friday AE, Lio P. 2007 Biometric evidence that sexual selection has shaped the Hominin face. PLoS ONE 2, e710. (doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0000710). (Pubitemid 351330806)
14. Carré JM, McCormick CM. 2008 In your face: facial metrics predict aggressive behaviour in the laboratory and in varsity and professional hockey players. Proc. R. Soc. B 275, 2651-2656. (doi:10. 1098/rspb.2008.0873).
15. Carré JM, McCormick CM, Mondloch CJ. 2009 Facial structure is a reliable cue of aggressive behavior. Psychol. Sci. 20, 1194-1198. (doi:10.1111/j.1467- 9280.2009.02423.x).
16. Stirrat M, Stulp G, Pollet TV. 2012 Male facial width is associated with death by contact violence: narrow-faced males are more likely to die from contact violence. Evol. Hum. Behav. 33, 551-556. (doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav. 2012.02.002).
17. Stirrat M, Perrett DI. 2012 Face structure predicts cooperation: men with wider faces are more generous to their in-group when out-group competition is salient. Psychol. Sci. 23, 718-722. (doi:10.1177/0956797611435133).
18. Stirrat MR, Perrett DI. 2010 Valid facial cues to cooperation and trust: male facial width and trustworthiness. Psychol. Sci. 21, 349-354. (doi:10. 1177/0956797610362647).
19. Haselhuhn MP, Wong EM. 2012 Bad to the bone: facial structure predicts unethical behaviour. Proc. R. Soc. B 279, 571-576. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.1193).
20. Lefevre CE, Lewis GJ, Perrett DI, Penke L. In press. Telling facial metrics: facial width-to-height ratio is associated with testosterone levels in men. Evol. Hum. Behav.
21. Ö zener B. 2011 Facial width-to-height ratio in a Turkish population is not sexually dimorphic and is unrelated to aggressive behavior. Evol. Hum. Behav. 3, 169-173. (doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2011. 08.001).
22. Deaner RO, Goetz SMM, Shattuck K, Schnotala T. 2012 Body weight, not facial width-to-height ratio, predicts aggression in pro hockey players. J. Res. Pers. 46, 235-238. (doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2012. 01.005).
23. Carré JM, Morrissey MD, Mondloch CJ, McCormick CM. 2010 Estimating aggression from emotionally neutral faces: which facial cues are diagnostic? Perception 39, 356-377. (doi:10.1068/p6543).
24. Gómez-Valdés J et al. 2013 Lack of support for the association between facial shape and aggression: A reappraisal based on a worldwide population genetics perspective. PLoS ONE 8, e52317. (doi:10. 1371/journal.pone.0052317).
25. Anon. 1941 Vapautemme Hinta. Helsinki, Finland: Suomen Kuvalehti.
26. Antila O. 1978 Suomen Rintamamiehet 18. div. Lieto, Finland: Etelä-Suomen kustannus.
27. Rohlf FJ. 2009 tpsDig. Version 2.14. New York, NY: State University of New York.
28. Archer J. 2009 Does sexual selection explain human sex differences in aggression? Behav. Brain Sci. 32, 249-266. (doi:10.1017/S0140525X09990951).
29. Bogaert AF, Fisher WA. 1995 Predictors of university men's number of sexual partners. J. Sex Res. 32, 119-130. (doi:10.1080/0022449 9509551782).
30. Peters M, Simmons LW, Rhodes G. 2008 Testosterone is associated with mating success but not attractiveness or masculinity in human males. Anim. Behav. 76, 297-303. (doi:10.1016/j.anbehav. 2008.02.008).
31. Kruuk LEB, Garant D. 2007 A wake-up call for studies of natural selection? J. Evol. Biol. 20, 30-33. (doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101. 2006.01223.x). (Pubitemid 44968151)
32. Mazur A, Booth A. 1998 Testosterone and dominance in men. Behav. Brain Sci. 21, 353-363. (doi:10.1017/S0140525X98001228). (Pubitemid 28435133) Exzellenz