Malaria Prevalence, Spatial Clustering and Risk Factors in a Low Endemic Area of Eastern Rwanda: A Cross Sectional Study

PLoS ONE

Volumn 8, Issue 7, 2013, Pages

  Rulisa, Stephen ^a,c   Kateera, Fredrick ^b,e   Bizimana, Jean Pierre ^a   Agaba, Steven ^c   Dukuzumuremyi, Javier ^c   Baas, Lisette ^c   de Dieu Harelimana, Jean ^c   Mens, Petra F ^b,c,d   Boer, Kimberly R ^c,d   de Vries, Peter J ^b,c,f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA   (Rwanda)

^b ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^c AMSTERDAM INSTITUTE FOR GLOBAL HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT   (Netherlands)

^d ROYAL TROPICAL INSTITUTE   (Netherlands)

^e RWANDA BIOMEDICAL CENTER   (Rwanda)

^f Tergooiziekenhuizen ^*  (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; AGE; AGROECOSYSTEM; ARTICLE; BED NET; CHILD; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ENDEMIC DISEASE; FEMALE; FEVER; FOLLOW UP; HEALTH CENTER; HEALTH SURVEY; HOUSEHOLD; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALARIA; MALE; MICROSCOPY; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PREVALENCE; QUALITY CONTROL; RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TEST; RISK FACTOR; RISK REDUCTION; RWANDA; SCHOOL CHILD; SCREENING TEST; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; UNIVARIATE ANALYSIS;

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; ENDEMIC DISEASES; FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHY; HEALTH FACILITIES; HUMANS; MALARIA; MALE; MOSQUITO NETS; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; RWANDA; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84880743571     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069443     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Roll Back Malaria Partnership. Global Strategic Plan, 2005-2015. Available: http://www.rollbackmalaria.org/forumV/docs/gsp_en.pdf. Accessed 2012 May 15.
2. WHO: World malaria report 2011. Available: http://www.who.int/malaria/world_malaria_report_2011/9789241564403_eng.pdf. Accessed 2012 May 13.
3. President's Malaria Initiative (PMI). Malaria Operational Plan: Rwanda FY 2012. Washington, DC: PMI, 2011. Available: http://www.pmi.gov/countries/mops/fy12/rwanda_mop_fy12.pdf. Accessed 2012 May 15.
4. Ministry of Health (2009) Health sector strategic plan, July 2009-June 2012 (pp. 82). Kigali, Rwanda.
5. Karema C, Aregawi M, Rukundo A, Kabayiza A, Mulindahabi M, et al. (2012) Trends in malaria cases, hospital admissions and deaths following scale-up of anti-malarial interventions, 2000-2010, Rwanda. Malaria Journal 11: 236.
6. Martens W, (1995) Climate change and malaria: exploring the risks. Med War 11: 202-213.
7. Bousema T, Drakeley C, Gesase S, Hashim R, Magesa S, et al. (2010) Identification of hot spots of malaria transmission for targeted malaria control. J Infect Dis 201: 1764-1774.
8. Greenwood BM, (1989) The microepidemiology of malaria and its importance to malaria control. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 83Suppl: 25-29.
9. Greenwood BM, Bradley AK, Greenwood AM, Byass P, Jammeh K, et al. (1987) Mortality and morbidity from malaria among children in a rural area of The Gambia, West Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 81: 478-486.
10. Clark TD, Greenhouse B, Njama-Meya D, Nzarubara B, Maiteki-Sebuguzi C, et al. (2008) Factors Determining the Heterogeneity of Malaria Incidence in Children in Kampala, Uganda. J Infect Dis 198: 393-400.
11. Bousema T, Griffin JT, Sauerwein RW, Smith DL, Churcher TS, et al. (2012) Hitting Hotspots: Spatial Targeting of Malaria for Control and Elimination. PLoS Med 9(1): e1001165 doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001165.
12. Baliraine FN, Afrane YA, Amenya DA, Bonizzoni M, Menge DM, et al. (2009) High Prevalence of Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum Infections in a Highland Area of Western Kenya: a Cohort Study. J Infect Dis. 200(1): 66-74.
13. World Health Organizatioin (2007) Malaria elimination: a field manual for low and moderate endemic countries. Geneva: WHO.
14. Rowe AK, Kachur SP, Yoon SS, Lynch M, Slutsker L, et al. (2009) Caution is required when using health facility-based data to evaluate the health impact of malaria control efforts in Africa. Malaria Journal 8: 209.
15. Moonen B, Cohen JM, Snow RW, Slutsker L, Drakeley C, et al. (2010) Operational strategies to achieve and maintain malaria elimination. Lancet 376: 1592-1603.
16. Omumbo J, Hay S, Snow R, Tatem A, Rogers D, (2005) Modelling malaria risk in East Africa at high-spatial resolution. Trop Med Int Health 10: 557-566.
17. Goovaerts P, (2006) Geostatistical analysis of disease data: accounting for spatial support and population density in the isopleth mapping of cancer mortality risk using area-to-point Poisson kriging. Int J Health Geogr 5: 52.
18. Mmbando BP, Kamugisha ML, Lusingu JP, Francis F, Ishengoma DS, et al. (2011) Spatial variation and socioeconomic determinants of Plasmodium falciparum infection in northeastern Tanzania. Malaria Journal 10: 145.
19. Government of Rwanda (GOR) (2010) Bugeseradistrict Available: http://www.bugesera.gov.rw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=73:about-the-district&catid=34:about-the-ditrict&Itemid=27&lang=en.Accessed 2012 May 15.
20. Tsuang A, Lines J, Hanson K, (2010) Which family members use the best nets? An analysis of the condition of mosquito nets and their distribution within households in Tanzania. Malaria Journal 9(1): 211.
21. Pettifor A, Taylor E, Nku D, Duvall S, Tabala M, et al. (2008) Bed net ownership, use and perceptions among women seeking antenatal care in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC): Opportunities for improved maternal and child health. BMC Public Health, 8(1), 331.
22. Haque U, Hashizume M, Sunahara T, Hossain S, Ahmed SM, et al. (2010) Progress and challenges to control malaria in a remote area of Chittagong hill tracts, Bangladesh. Malar J. 9: 156.
23. Loha E, Lunde TM, Lindtjorn B, (2012) Effect of bednets and indoor residual spraying on spatio-temporal clustering of malaria in a village in South Ethiopia: a longitudinal study. PLoS One 7: e47354.
24. Stresman GH, Kamanga A, Moono P, Hamapumbu H, Mharakurwa S, et al. (2010) A method of active case detection to target reservoirs of asymptomatic malaria and gametocyte carriers in a rural area in Southern Province, Zambia. Malaria J. 9: 265.
25. Smith T, Beck HP, Kitua A, Mwankusye S, Felger I, et al. (1999) Age dependence of the multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infections and of other malariological indices in an area of high endemicity. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 93: 15-20.
26. Winskill P, Rowland M, Mtove G, Malima RC, Kirby MJ, (2011) Malaria risk factors in north-east Tanzania.Malaria Journal. 10: 98.
27. Smith T, Hii JL, Genton B, Müller I, Booth M, et al. (2001) Associations of peak shifts in age-prevalence for human malarias with bednet coverage. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95: 1-6.
28. Lengeler C (2004) Insecticide-treated bed nets and curtains for preventing malaria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. CD000363.
29. Ministry of Health-Rwanda. Interim Demographic and Health Survey 2007-08 Kigali, Rwanda, 2009; DHS 2010 (Preliminary Report).
30. President's Malaria Initiative (PMI). Malaria Operational Plan: Rwanda FY 2011. Washington, DC: PMI, 2010. Available: http://pmi.gov/countries/mops/fy11/rwanda_mop-fy11.pdf. Accessed 2012 Sep 15.
31. Coleman M, Coleman M, Mabaso ML, Mabuza AM, Kok G, et al. (2010) Household and microeconomic factors associated with malaria in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 104: 143-147.
32. Konradsen F, Amerasinghe P, van der Hoek W, Amerasinghe F, Perera D, et al. (2003) Strong association between house characteristics and malaria vectors in Sri Lanka. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68: 177-181.
33. Fontecha GA, Mendoza M, Banegas E, Poorak M, De Oliveira AM, et al. (2012) Comparison of molecular tests for the diagnosis of malaria in Honduras. Malar J Apr 18 11: 119.
34. Dal-Bianco MP, Köster KB, Kombila UD, Kun JF, Grobusch MP, et al. (2007) High prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection in Gabonese adults. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 939-942.
35. Von Seidlein L, Bojang K, Jones P, Jaffar S, Pinder M, et al. (1998) A randomized controlled trial of artemether/benflumetol, a new antimalarial and pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in African children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58: 638-644.
36. White NJ, (2004) Antimalarial drug resistance. J Clin Invest 113: 1084-1092.
37. Sutherland CJ, Ord R, Dunyo S, Jawara M, Drakeley CJ, et al. (2005) Reduction of malaria transmission to Anopheles mosquitoes with a six-dose regimen of coartemether. PLoS Med 2: e92.