Does use of nicotine replacement therapy while continuing to smoke undermine cessation?: A systematic review

Journal of Smoking Cessation

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 45-56

  Beard, Emma ^a   Aveyard, Paul ^c   Michie, Susan ^a   McNeill, Ann ^b   West, Robert ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

harm reduction; NRT; smoking reduction; temporary abstinence

Indexed keywords

EID: 84880562512     PISSN: None     EISSN: 18342612     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/jsc.2012.21     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. Al-Delaimy, W., Gilpin, E. & Pierce, J. 2005. When California smokers use Nicotine Replacement Therapy, most are trying to quit smoking. Tob Control. 14, 359-360. (Pubitemid 41396486)
2. Asfar, T., Ebbert, J. O., Klesges, R. C. & Relyea, G. E. 2011. Do smoking reduction interventions promote cessation in smokers not ready to quit? Addict Behav, 36(7). 764-768.
3. Bansal, M. A., Cummings, K. M., Hyland, A. & Giovino, G. A. 2004. Stop-smoking medications: Who uses them, who misuses them, and who is misinformed about them? Nicotine Tob Res. 6 (S3), 303-310.
4. Bauer, J. E., Carlin-Menter, S. M., Celestino, P. B., Hyland, A. & Cummings, K. M. 2006. Giving away free nicotine medications and a cigarette substitute (Better Quit) to promote calls to a quitline. Public Health Manag Pract. 12(1), 60-67. (Pubitemid 44132847)
5. Beard, E., Fidler, J. & West, R. 2011b. Is use of Nicotine Replacement Therapy while continuing to smoke associated with increased nicotine intake? Psychopharmacol. 218(3), 609-610.
6. Beard, E., McNeill, A., Aveyard, P., Fidler, J., Michie, S. & West, R. 2011a. Use of Nicotine Replacement Therapy for smoking reduction and during enforced temporary abstinence: A national survey of English smokers. Addiction. 106(1), 197-204.
7. Beard, E., McNeill, A., Aveyard, P., Fidler, J., Michie, S. & West, R. in press. Associations between smokers' attempts at harm reduction and smoking cessation: A prospective study of English smokers. Tob Control.
8. Berg, C. J., An, L. C., Kirch, M., Guo, H., Thomas, J. L., Patten, C. A., Ahluwalia, J. S. & West, R. 2010. Failure to report attempts to quit smoking. Addict Behaviors. 35(10), 900-904.
9. Botello-Harbaum, M., Schroeder, J. R., Collins, C. C. & Moolchan, E. T. 2010. Nicotine Replacement Therapy use among adolescent smokers seeking cessation treatment. Ethn Dis. 20(2), 180-184.
10. Cummings, K. M. & Hyland, A. 2005. Impact of Nicotine Replacement Therapy on smoking behaviour. Annu Rev Public Health. 26(1), 583-589.
11. Cummings, K. M., Hyland, A., Giovino, G. A., Hastrup, J. & Bauer, J. 2004. Are smokers adequately informed about the health risks of smoking and medicinal nicotine? Nicotine Tob Res. 6(S3), 333-340.
12. Curry, S. J., Grothaus, L. C., McAfee, T. & Pabiniak, C. 1998. Use and cost effectiveness of smoking-cessation services under four insurance plans in a health maintenance organisation. New Engl J Prev Med. 339, 673-679. (Pubitemid 28402093)
13. Emmons, K.M., Goldstein, M. G., Roberts, M., Cargill, B., Sherman, C. B., Millman, R., Brown, R. & Abrams, D. B. 2000. The use of Nicotine Replacement Therapy during hos-pitalization. Ann Behav Med. 22(4), 325-329. (Pubitemid 32429462)
14. Etter, J-F., le Houezec, J. & Landfeldt, B. 2003. Impactofmessages on concomitant use of Nicotine Replacement Therapy and cigarettes: A randomised trial on the internet. Addiction. 98, 941-950. (Pubitemid 36808261)
15. Fagerstrom, K. O. 2005. Can reduced smoking be a way for smokers not interested in quitting to actually quit? Respiration. 72(2), 216-220. (Pubitemid 40591539)
16. Fagerstrom, K. O. & Hughes, J. R. 2002. Nicotine concentrations with concurrent use of cigarettes and nicotine replacement: A review. Nicotine Tob Res. 4(S2), 73-79.
17. Hajek, P., West, R., Foulds, J., Nilsson, F., Burrows, S. & Meadow, A. 1999. Randomized Comparative trial of nicotine po-lacrilex, a transdermal patch, nasal spray, and an inhaler. Arch Intern Med. 159, 2033-2038. (Pubitemid 29453591)
18. Hammond, D., Reid, L., Driezen, P., Cummings, M., Borland, R., Fong, G. T., McNeill, A. & Hughes, J. R. 2008. Smokers' use of Nicotine Replacement Therapy for reasons other than stopping smoking: Findings from the ITC Country Survey. Addiction. 103, 1696-1703.
19. Higgins, J. & Green, S. 2008. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Oxford, UK: Wiley.
20. Horne, R. & Weinman, J. 1999. Patients' beliefs about prescribed medicines and their role in adherence to treatment in chronic physical illness. J Psychosom Res. 47(6), 555-567. (Pubitemid 30029305)
21. Hughes, J. R., 2000. Reduced smoking: An introduction and review of the evidence. Addiction. 104(12), 2088-2099.
22. Hughes, J. R., Adams, E. H., Franzon, M. A., Maguire, M. K. & Guary, J. 2005. A prospective study of off-label use of, abuse of, and dependence on nicotine inhaler. Tob Control. 14, 49-54. (Pubitemid 40380077)
23. Hughes, J. R. & Carpenter, M. J., 2006. Does smoking reduction increase future cessation and decrease disease risk? A qualitative review. Nicotine Tob Res. 8(6), 739-749. (Pubitemid 44842952)
24. Hughes, J. R., Lindgren, P. G., Connett, J. E. & Nides, M. A. 2004. Smoking reduction in the lung health study. Nicotine Tob Res. 6(2), 275-280. (Pubitemid 38678856)
25. Hughes, J. R., Pillitteri, J. L., Callas, P. W., Callahan, R. & Kenny, M. 2004. Misuse of and dependence on over-the-counter nicotine gum in a volunteer sample. Nicotine Tob Res. 6(1), 79-85.
26. Johnson, R E., Stevens, V. J., Hollis, J. F. & Woodson, G. T. 1992. Nicotine chewing-gum use in outpatient care setting. JFP. 34, 61-65.
27. Kotz, D., Fidler, J. & West, R. 2009. Factors associated with the use of aids to cessation in English smokers. Addiction. 104(8), 1403-1410.
28. Levy, D. E., Thorndike, A. N., Biener, L. & Rigotti, N. 2007. Use of Nicotine Replacement Therapy to reduce or delay smoking but not to quit: Prevalence and association with subsequent cessation efforts. Tob Control. 16, 384-389.
29. Miller, N., Frieden, T. R., Liu, S. Y., Matte, T. D., Mostashari, F., Deitcher, D. R., Cummings, K. M., Chang, C., Bauer, U. & Bassett, M. T. 2005. Effectiveness of a large-scale free nicotine patch distribution program. The Lancet. 365, 1849-1854. (Pubitemid 40744961)
30. Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J. & Altman, D. G. 2009. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. BMJ. 339, 2535.
31. Moore, D., Aveyard, P., Connock, M., Wang, D., Fry-Smith, A. & Barton, P., 2009. Effectiveness and safety of Nicotine Replacement Therapy assisted reduction to stop smoking: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 338, 1024.
32. Shahab, L., Cummings, M., Hammond, D., Borland, R., West, R. & McNeill, A. 2009. The impact of changing nicotine replacement therapy licensing laws in the United Kingdom: finding from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey. Addiction. 104, 1420-1427.
33. Shiffman, S., Feguson, S. G., Rohay, J. & Gitchell, J. G. 2008. Perceived safety and efficacy of nicotine replacement therapies among US smokers and ex-smokers: Relationship with use and compliance. Addiction. 103, 1372-1379.
34. Shiffman, S., Hughes, J. R., Di Marino, J. R. & Sweeney, C. T. 2003. Patterns of over the counter nicotine gum use: Persistent use and concurrent smoking. Addiction. 98 (12), 1747-1753. (Pubitemid 38030783)
35. Stead, L. F. & Lancaster, T., 2007. Interventions to reduce harm from continued tobacco use. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews. 2, CD005231.
36. Thorndike, A. N., Biener, L. & Rigotti, N. A. (2002). Effect on smoking cessation of switching nicotine replacement therapy to over-the-counter status. Am J Public Health, 92(3), 437-442. (Pubitemid 34184835)
37. Tonnesen, P. 2002. Smoking reduction for smokers not able or motivated to quit? Respiration. 69(6), 475-478. (Pubitemid 35404286)
38. Wang, D., Connock, M., Barton, P., Fry-Smith, A., Aveyard, P. & Moore, D., 2008. Cut down to quit with nicotine replacement therapies in smoking cessation: A systematic review of effectiveness and economic analysis. HTA. 12(2), 1-135.
39. Zellweger, J. P. 2001. Anti-smoking therapies: Is harm reduction a viable alternative to smoking cessation? Drugs. 61, 1041-1044.
40. Zhu, S. H, Melcer, T. M., Sun, J., Rusbrook, B. & Pierce, J. P. 2000. Smoking cessation without and withassistance: A population based analysis. Am J Prev Med. 18, 305-311. (Pubitemid 30224565)