Water footprint assessment for wastewater treatment: Method, indicator, and application

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 47, Issue 14, 2013, Pages 7787-7794

  Shao, Ling ^a   Chen, G Q ^a,b  

^a PEKING UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b KING ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY   (Saudi Arabia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SEWAGE PUMPING PLANTS; SUPPLY CHAINS; WASTEWATER RECLAMATION; WATER CONSERVATION; WATER SUPPLY; WATER TREATMENT PLANTS;

ACCOUNTING PROCEDURES; ENERGY SUPPLY SYSTEM; INPUT OUTPUT ANALYSIS; NET ENERGY ANALYSIS; PROCESS ANALYSIS; RETURN ON INVESTMENTS; WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS; WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM;

WASTEWATER TREATMENT;

ASSESSMENT METHOD; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; WASTEWATER; WATER FOOTPRINT; WATER TREATMENT;

ARTICLE; CHINESE; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; ENERGY RESOURCE; HYBRID; SLUDGE TREATMENT; WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT; WASTE WATER RECYCLING; WATER FOOTPRINT; PROCEDURES; STANDARDS; WASTE WATER; WATER MANAGEMENT;

CHINA;

WASTE WATER;

WASTE WATER; WATER PURIFICATION;

EID: 84880534433     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es402013t     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Hoekstra, A. Y.; Chapagain, A. K.; Aldaya, M. M.; Mekonnen, M. M. The Water Footprint Assessment Manual: Setting the Global Standard; Earthscan: Washington, DC, 2011.
2. Berger, M.; Warsen, J.; Krinke, S.; Bach, V.; Finkbeiner, M. Water footprint of european cars: Potential impacts of water consumption along automobile life cycles Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46 (7) 4091-4099
3. Chapagain, A. K.; Hoekstra, A. Y. The water footprint of coffee and tea consumption in the Netherlands Ecol. Econ. 2007, 64 (1) 109-118
4. Chen, Z. M.; Chen, G. Q. Virtual water accounting for the globalized world economy: National water footprint and international virtual water trade Ecol. Indic. 2012, 28, 142-149
5. Chen, Z. M.; Chen, G. Q.; Xia, X. H.; Xu, S. Y. Global network of embodied water flow by systems input-output simulation Front. Earth Sci. 2012, 6 (3) 331-344
6. Jeswani, H. K.; Azapagic, A. Water footprint: Methodologies and a case study for assessing the impacts of water use J. Clean Prod. 2011, 19 (12) 1288-1299
7. Stoessel, F.; Juraske, R.; Pfister, S.; Hellweg, S. Life cycle inventory and carbon and water foodprint of fruits and vegetables: Application to a Swiss retailer Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46 (6) 3253-3262
8. Zhao, X.; Yang, H.; Yang, Z.; Chen, B.; Qin, Y. Applying the input-output method to account for water footprint and virtual water trade in the Haihe River Basin in China Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44 (23) 9150-9156
9. Dixon, A.; Simon, M.; Burkitt, T. Assessing the environmental impact of two options for small-scale wastewater treatment: Comparing a reedbed and an aerated biological filter using a life cycle approach Ecol. Eng. 2003, 20 (4) 297-308
10. Emmerson, R. H. C.; Morse, G. K.; Lester, J. N.; Edge, D. R. The life-cycle analysis of small-scale sewage-treatment processes Water Environ. J. 1995, 9 (3) 317-325
11. Shao, L.; Wu, Z.; Zeng, L.; Chen, Z. M.; Zhou, Y.; Chen, G. Q. Embodied energy assessment for ecological wastewater treatment by a constructed wetland Ecol. Model. 2012, 252 (10) 63-71
12. Chen, G. Q.; Chen, Z. M. Carbon emissions and resources use by Chinese economy 2007: A 135-sector inventory and input-output embodiment Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 2010, 15 (11) 3647-3732
13. Bullard, C. W.; Penner, P. S.; Pilati, D. A. Net energy analysis: Handbook for combining process and input-output analysis Resour. Energy 1978, 1 (3) 267-313
14. Chen, G. Q.; Shao, L.; Chen, Z. M.; Li, Z.; Zhang, B.; Chen, H.; Wu, Z. Low-carbon assessment for ecological wastewater treatment by a constructed wetland in Beijing Ecol. Eng. 2011, 37 (4) 622-628
15. Lenzen, M. A guide for compiling inventories in hybrid life-cycle assessments: some Australian results J. Clean Prod. 2002, 10 (6) 545-572
16. Malça, J.; Freire, F. Renewability and life-cycle energy efficiency of bioethanol and bio-ethyl tertiary butyl ether (bioETBE): Assessing the implications of allocation Energy 2006, 31 (15) 3362-3380
17. Baral, A.; Bakshi, B. R.; Smith, R. L. Assessing resource intensity and renewability of cellulosic ethanol technologies using Eco-LCA Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46 (4) 2436-2444
18. Joshi, S. Product environmental life-cycle assessment using input-output techniques J. Ind. Ecol. 1999, 3 (2-3) 95-120
19. Suh, S.; Huppes, G. Methods for life cycle inventory of a product J. Clean Prod. 2005, 13 (7) 687-697
20. Stromman, A. H.; Peters, G. P.; Hertwich, E. G. Approaches to correct for double counting in tiered hybrid life cycle inventories J. Clean Prod. 2009, 17 (2) 248-254
21. Chen, G. Q.; Chen, H.; Chen, Z. M.; Zhang, B.; Shao, L.; Guo, S.; Zhou, S. Y.; Jiang, M. M. Low-carbon building assessment and multi-scale input-output analysis Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 2011, 16 (1) 583-595
22. Cleveland, C. J.; Costanza, R.; Hall, C. A. S.; Kaufmann, R. Energy and the US economy: A biophysical perspective Science 1984, 225 (4665) 890-897
23. Murphy, D. J.; Hall, C. A. S. Year in review-EROI or energy return on (energy) invested Ann. Ny. Acad. Sci. 2010, 1185 (1) 102-118
24. Chen, G. Q.; Yang, Q.; Zhao, Y. H. Renewability of wind power in China: A case study of nonrenewable energy cost and greenhouse gas emission by a plant in Guangxi Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 2011, 15 (5) 2322-2329
25. Wang, S. Z.; Zhang, T.; Hou, R. Q.; Zhang, Z. R. CASS wastewater treatment process for Beijing Space Flight Center Water Wastewater 1999, 25 (8) 10-12 (In Chinese).
26. Zhang, T. Intermittent Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Technology and Project Cases; Chemical Industry Press: Beijing, 2002, (In Chinese).
27. CSY. China Statistical Yearbook (2008). Beijing: China Statistical Publishing House, 2008. (In Chinese).
28. CSY. China Statistical Yearbook (1997-2007); China Statistical Publishing House: Beijing, 1997-2007, (In Chinese).
29. Lundin, M.; Bengtsson, M.; Molander, S. Life cycle assessment of wastewater systems: Influence of system boundaries and scale on calculated environmental loads Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34 (1) 180-186
30. Zhang, Q. H.; Wang, X. C.; Xiong, J. Q.; Chen, R.; Cao, B. Application of life cycle assessment for an evaluation of wastewater treatment and reuse project-Case study of Xi'an, China Bioresour. Technol. 2010, 101 (5) 1421-1425
31. Hall, C. A. S.; Powers, R.; Schoenberg, W. Peak Oil EROI, Investments and the Economy in an Uncertain Future Biofuels, Solar and Wind As Renewable Energy Systems; Pimentel, D., Ed.; Springer: Netherlands, 2008; pp 109-132.
32. Chapagain, A. K.; Hoekstra, A. Y. The blue, green and grey water footprint of rice from production and consumption perspectives Ecol. Econ. 2011, 70 (4) 749-758
33. Mekonnen, M. M.; Hoekstra, A. Y. National Water Footprint Accounts: The Green, Blue and Grey Water Footprint of Production and Consumption; Value of water research report series no. 50; 2011.
34. Report on Wastewater Discharge and Treatment of China in 2006-2010. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of China: Beijing, 2011, (In Chinese).
35. Yu, Z. B.; Wang, D. Q.; Zhang, X. H. The reviewing and expectation of the development on urban sewage dispose technique J. Guangxi Normal Univ. (Nat. Sci.) 2004, 22 (2) 81-87 (In Chinese).
36. Ministry of Environmental Protection of China. The Inventory of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants in China, 2012. http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/ 201204/t20120424-226655.htm. (In Chinese).
37. Ministry of Environmental Protection of China. China Environment Yearbook 2008; China Enviroment Yearbook Press: Beijing, 2008, (In Chinese).
38. Ministry of Environmental Protection of China. Annual Report of Chinese Enviroment Statistic in 2007, Beijing, 2008. (In Chinese).
39. Hoekstra, A. Y.; Mekonnen, M. M. The water footprint of humanity Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2012, 109 (9) 3232-3237
40. Shen, F. J. Application status and development trend of agricultural wastewater treatment technology in China Agric. Eng. Technol. (New Energy Ind.) 2011, 1, 16-19 (In Chinese)