Chemical characterization of chars developed from thermochemical treatment of Kentucky bluegrass seed screenings

Chemosphere

Volumn 92, Issue 10, 2013, Pages 1275-1279

  Griffith, Stephen M ^a   Banowetz, Gary M ^a   Gady, David ^a  

^a AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE   (United States)

Author keywords

Biochar; Bioenergy; Chemical characterization; Feedstock; Gasification

Indexed keywords

BIOMASS; CROPS; FEEDSTOCKS; FORESTRY; GASIFICATION; GRAIN (AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT); HEAVY METALS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; POROSITY; SOILS; WATER RECYCLING;

BIO CHARS; BIO-ENERGY; CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS; CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES; PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; SMALL-SCALE GASIFICATIONS; SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION;

CHEMICAL CLEANING;

CHARCOAL; CHARS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION; BIOENERGY; BIOMASS; CHARCOAL; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CHEMICAL PROPERTY; HEAVY METAL; HYPOTHESIS TESTING; PAH; PHYSICAL PROPERTY; PLANT RESIDUE; PROBIOTICS; RECYCLING; SEED; SOIL AMENDMENT;

AGRICULTURAL PROCEDURES; ARTICLE; GRASS; KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS; NONHUMAN; PLANT SEED; SOIL; TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT; THERMOCHEMICAL TREATMENT;

POA PRATENSIS;

EID: 84880514940     PISSN: 00456535     EISSN: 18791298     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.02.002     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Antal M.J., Grønli M. The art, science and technology of charcoal production. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2003, 42:1619-1640.
2. Banowetz G.M., Griffith S.M., El-Nashaar H.M. Mineral content of grasses grown for seed in low rainfall areas of the Pacific Northwest and analysis of ash from gasification of bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) straw. Energ. Fuel. 2009, 23:502-506.
3. Banowetz, G.M., El-Nashaar, H.M., Steiner, J.J., Gady, D.R., 2010. Non-densified biomass gasification method and apparatus. U.S. patent application No. 12/687, pp. 639.
4. Bidar G., Pruvot C., Garcon G., Verdin A., Shirali P., Douay F. Seasonal and annual variations of metal uptake, bioaccumulation, and toxicity in Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne growing in a heavy metal-contaminated field. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2009, 16:42-53.
5. Boateng A.A., Banowetz G.M., Steiner J.J., Barton T.F., Taylor D.G., Hicks K.B., Joseph S., Peacocke C., Lehmann J., Munroe P. Developing a biochar classification and test methods. Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology 2007, 107-126. Earthscan, London, UK. J. Lehmann, S. Joseph (Eds.).
6. Brame J.S.S., King J.G. Fuel: Solid, Liquid and Gases 1961, Edward Arnold Publishing, London, UK.
7. Brown R.A., Kercher A.K., Nguyen T.H., Nagle D.C., Ball W.P. Production and characterization of synthetic wood chars for use as surrogates for natural sorbents. Org. Geochem. 2006, 37:321-333.
8. Cetin E., Moghtaderi B., Gupta R., Wall T.F. Influence of pyrolysis conditions on the structure and gasification reactivity of biomass chars. Fuel 2004, 83:2139-2150.
9. Chan K.Y., Xu Z. Biochar: nutrient properties and their enhancement. Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology 2009, 68-84. Earthscan, London, UK. J. Lehmann, S. Joseph (Eds.).
10. DeLuca T.H., MacKenzie M.D., Gundale M.F. Biochar effects on soil nutrient transformations. Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology 2009, 251-270. Earthscan, London, UK. J. Lehmann, S. Joseph (Eds.).
11. Downie A., Crosky A., Munroe P. Physical properties of biochar. Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology 2009, 13-32. Earthscan, London, UK. J. Lehmann, S. Joseph (Eds.).
12. El-Nashaar H.M., Banowetz G.M., Griffith S.M., Casler M.D., Vogel K.P. Genotypic variability in mineral composition of switchgrass. Bioresour. Technol. 2009, 100:1809-1814.
13. El-Nashaar H.M., Banowetz G.M., Peterson C.J., Griffith S.M. Genetic variability of elemental concentration in winter wheat straw. Energy Fuel 2010, 24:2020-2027.
14. El-Nashaar H.M., Banowetz G.M., Peterson C.J., Griffith S.M. Elemental concentrations in triticale straw, a potential bioenergy feedstock. Energy Fuel 2010, 25:1200-1205.
15. Garcia-Perez, M., 2008. The formation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and dioxins during pyrolysis. Publication WSUEEP08-010.Washington State University, Pullman.
16. Gaskin J.W., Steiner C., Harris K., Das K.C., Bibens B. Effect of low-temperature pyrolysis conditions on biochar for agricultural use. Trans. ASABE 2008, 51:2061-2069.
17. Girard P., Blin J., Bridgwater A.V., Meier D. An assessment of bio-oil toxicity for safe handling and transportation: Toxicological and exotoxicological tests. Science in Thermal and Chemical Biomass Conversion 2006, 27. CPL Press, Newbury, UK. A.V. Bridgwater, D.G.B. Boocook (Eds.).
18. Lehmann J. Bio-energy in the black. Front. Ecol. Environ. 2007, 5:381-387.
19. Lehmann J., Gaunt J., Rondon M. Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems - a review. Mitig. Adapt. Strategy Global Change 2006, 11:403-427.
20. Liesch A.M., Weyers S.L., Gaskin J.W., Das K.C. Impact of two different biochars on earthworm growth and survival. Ann. Environ. Sci. 2010, 4:1-9.
21. Major J., Rondon M., Molina D., Riha S.J., Lehman J. Maize yield and nutrition during years after biochar application. Plant Soil 2010, 333:117-128.
22. McHenry M.P. Agricultural bio-char production, renewable energy generation and farm carbon sequestration in Western Australia: certainty, uncertainty and risk. Agric. Ecosys. Environ. 2009, 129:1-7.
23. Menom A.R., Schroder P. Implications of metal accumulation mechanisms to phytoremediation. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2009, 16:162-175.
24. Namgay T., Singh B., Singh B.P. Influence of biochar application to soil on the availability of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn to maize (Zea mays L.). Aust. J. Soil Res. 2010, 48:638-647.
25. Scala F., Chirone R., Salatino P. Combustion and attrition of biomass chars in a fluidized bed. Energy and Fuels 2006, 20:91-102.
26. Vacari F.P., Baronti S., Lugato E., Genesio L., Castaldi S., Fornasier F., Miglietta F. Biochar as a strategy to sequester carbon and increase yield in durum wheat. Europ. J. Agron. 2011, 34:231-238.
27. Van Zwieten L., Kimber L., Morris S., Chan K.Y., Downie A., Rust J., Joseph S., Cowie A. Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility. Plant Soil 2010, 327:235-246.
28. Verheijen, F., Jeffery, S., Bastos, A.C., van der Velde, M., Diafas, I., 2010. Biochar application to soils - a critical review of effects on soil properties, processes and functions. EUR 24099 EN, Office for the Official Publications of the European Communities. Luxembourg. 149p.