Intellectual property, plant breeding and the making of Mendelian genetics

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A

Volumn 44, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 222-233

  Charnley, Berris ^a   Radick, Gregory ^b  

^a GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Intellectual property; Mendelism; Plant breeding; Rogues; Rowland Biffen; W. F. R. Weldon

Indexed keywords

EID: 84880511295     PISSN: 00393681     EISSN: 18792510     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2012.11.004     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Anonymous (1879a). Culverwell's Telegraph and Carters' Telephone peas. The Gardeners' Chronicle (1 Feb.), 148.
2. Anonymous (1879b). Culverwell's Telegraph and Carters' Telephone peas. The Gardeners' Chronicle (8 Feb.), 180.
3. Anonymous (1879c). Culverwell's Telegraph and Carters' Telephone peas. The Gardeners' Chronicle (15 Feb.),210.
4. Anonymous (1879d). Telegraph and Telephone peas. The Gardeners' Chronicle (2 Aug.), 146.
5. Anonymous Current topics and events. Nature 1923, 112:734-738.
6. Anonymous (1930). Thomas Laxton and his successors. The Gardeners' Chronicle, 88 (29 Nov.), 454-456.
7. Bateson W. Mendel's principles of heredity: A defence 1902, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
8. Biffen R.H. Experiments with wheat and barley hybrids illustrating Mendel's laws of heredity. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England 1904, 65:337-345.
9. Biffen R.H. Modern wheats. Journal of the Farmers' Club, Part 1 1924, 2-18.
10. Biffen R.H. The new wheat Yeoman II. Journal of the Ministry of Agriculture 1924, 31:509-512.
11. Biffen R.H. Meetings of the Fellows of the Institute: First Annual General Meeting. Journal of the National Institute of Agricultural Botany 1925, 1:45-50.
12. Biffen R.H., Engledow F.L. Wheat-breeding investigations at the Plant Breeding Institute, Cambridge: Research monograph no. 4 1926, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, London.
13. Bonneuil C. Mendelism, plant breeding and experimental cultures: Agriculture and the development of genetics in France. Journal of the History of Biology 2006, 39:281-308.
14. Bowler P.J. The Mendelian revolution: The emergence of hereditarian concepts in modern science and society 1989, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
15. Brannigan A. The social basis of scientific discoveries 1981, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
16. The correspondence of Charles Darwin, Vol. 14 2004, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. F. Burkhardt (Ed.).
17. Campbell N.A. Biology 1993, Benjamin/Cummings, Redwood City, CA. 3rd ed.
18. Castle W.E. The beginnings of Mendelism in America. Genetics in the 20th century: Essays on the progress of genetics during its first 50years 1951, 59-76. Macmillan, New York. L.C. Dunn (Ed.).
19. Charnley B. Seeds without patents: Science and morality in British plant breeding in the long nineteenth century. Revue économique 2013, 64:69-88.
20. Charnley, B. (in press). Managing knowledge in "systematised plant breeding": Mendelism and British agricultural science, 1900-1930. In G. Dutfield & S. Arapostathis (Eds.), Knowledge management and intellectual property: Concepts, actors and practices from past to present. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
21. Correns, C. [1900] (1966). G. Mendel's law concerning the behavior of progeny of varietal hybrids. Published in English translation. In C. Stern & E. R. Sherwood (Eds.), The origin of genetics: A Mendel source book (pp. 118-132). San Francisco and London: W. H. Freeman.
22. Darwin, C. [1883] (1998). The variation of animals and plants under domestication, 2 vols. (2nd ed., facsimile reprint, as published by D. Appleton). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
23. Davenport C.B. The relation of the Association to pure research. American Breeders Magazine 1910, 1:66-67.
24. Dunn L.C. A short history of genetics: The development of some of the main lines of thought, 1864-1939 1965, McGraw Hill, Ames.
25. Engledow F.L. Rowland Harry Biffen, 1874-1949. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 1950, 7:9-25.
26. Galton F. The average contribution of each of several ancestors to the total heritage of the offspring. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 1897, 61:401-413.
27. Galton F. A diagram of heredity. Nature 1898, 57:293.
28. Galton, F. (1909). The possible improvement of the human breed, under the existing conditions of law and sentiment. In his Essays in Eugenics (pp. 1-34). London: Eugenics Education Society.
29. Gillham, N. W. (2001). A life of Sir Francis Galton: From African exploration to the birth of eugenics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
30. Guilfoile P. Wrinkled peas and white-eyed fruit flies: The molecular basis of two classical genetic traits. American Biology Teacher 1997, 59:92-95.
31. Harwood J. The reception of genetic theory among academic plant-breeders in Germany, 1900-1930. Sveriges Utsädesförenings Tidskrift 1997, 107:187-195.
32. Harwood J. Technology's dilemma: Agricultural colleges between science and practice in Germany, 1860-1934 2005, Peter Lang, Bern.
33. Harwood, J. (in press). Did Mendelism transform plant breeding? Genetic theory and breeding practice, 1900-1945. In S. Kingsland & D. Phillips (Eds.), Life sciences, agriculture and the environment. Berlin: Springer Verlag.
34. Jamieson, A., & Radick, G. (in press). Putting Mendel in his place: How curriculum reform in genetics and counterfactual history of science can work together. In K. Kampourakis (Ed.), The philosophy of biology: A companion for educators. Berlin: Springer.
35. Keller E.F. The century of the gene 2000, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA and London.
36. Kevles D.J. Patents, protections, and privileges: The establishment of intellectual property in animals and plants. Isis 2007, 98:323-331.
37. Kim K.-M. Explaining scientific consensus: The case of Mendelian genetics 1994, Guilford Press, New York and London.
38. Laxton, T. (1866). Observations on the varieties effected by crossing in the colour and character of the seed of peas. Report of Proceedings: International Horticultural Exhibition and Botanical Congress, London, 156.
39. Laxton T. On the improvement amongst peas during the last quarter of a century. Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society 1890, 12:29-40.
40. Lewontin R.C., Berlan J.-P. The political economy of hybrid corn. Monthly Review 1986, 38:35-47.
41. Mendel, G. (1866). Experiments in plant hybridization. English translation accessed at Accessed 30.08.2012. http://www.mendelweb.org/MWpaptoc.html.
42. Olby R.C. Origins of Mendelism 1985, University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London. 2nd ed.
43. Olby R.C. The dimensions of scientific controversy: The biometric-Mendelian debate. British Journal for the History of Science 1989, 22:299-320.
44. Olby R.C. Rediscovery as an historical concept. New trends in the history of science 1989, 197-208. Editions Rodopi, Amsterdam. R.P.W. Wisser, H.J.M. Bar, L.C. Palm, H.A.M. Snelders (Eds.).
45. Olby R.C. Horticulture: The font for the baptism of genetics. Nature Reviews: Genetics 2000, 1:65-70.
46. Olby R.C. Mendelism: From hybrids and trade to a science. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Science de la vie 2000, 323:1043-1051.
47. Olby R.C. RÔle de l'agriculture et de l'horticulture britanniques dans le fondemant de la génétique experimentale. Histoire de la génétique: Pratiques, techniques et théories 1990, 65-81. ARPEM, Paris. J.-L. Fischer, W.H. Schneider (Eds.).
48. Palladino P. The political economy of applied research: Plant breeding in Great Britain, 1910-1940. Minerva 1990, 28:446-468.
49. Palladino P. Between craft and science: Plant breeding, Mendelian genetics, and British universities, 1900-1920. Technology and Culture 1993, 34:300-323.
50. Palladino P. Wizards and devotees: On the Mendelian theory of inheritance and the professionalization of agricultural science in Great Britain and the United States, 1880-1930. History of Science 1994, 32:409-444.
51. Palladino P. Plants, patients and the historian: (Re)Membering in the age of genetic engineering 2002, Manchester University Press, Manchester.
52. Paul D.B., Kimmelman B.A. Mendel in America: Theory and practice, 1900-1918. The American development of biology 1988, 281-310. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. R. Rainger, K.R. Benson, J. Maienschein (Eds.).
53. Percival J. Agricultural botany: Theoretical and practical 1900, Duckworth, London.
54. Percival J. Agricultural botany: Theoretical and practical 1902, Duckworth, London. 2nd ed.
55. Percival J. Agricultural botany: Theoretical and practical 1910, Duckworth, London. 4th ed.
56. Percival, J. (1949). Agricultural botany: Theoretical and practical (8th ed., 7th impression). London: Duckworth.
57. Provine, W. B. (2001). The origins of theoretical population genetics. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. (First published 1971.).
58. Punnett, R. C. (1909). Mendelism. New York: Wilshire. (American edition of the 2nd British edition of 1907.).
59. Radick G. Other histories, other biologies. Philosophy, biology and life 2005, 21-47. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. A. O' Hear (Ed.).
60. Radick G. Physics in the Galtonian sciences of heredity. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 2011, 42:129-138.
61. Roberts, H. F. [1929](1965). Plant hybridization before Mendel. New York and London: Hafner.
62. Russell E.J. The changing problems of applied biology. Annals of Applied Biology 1955, 42:8-21.
63. Sapp J. The struggle for authority in the field of heredity, 1900-1932: New perspectives on the rise of genetics. Journal of the History of Biology 1983, 16:311-342.
64. Skopek J.M. Principles, exemplars, and uses of history in early 20th century genetics. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 2011, 42:210-225.
65. Theunissen B. Breeding without Mendelism: Theory and practice of dairy cattle breeding in the Netherlands, 1900-1950. Journal of the History of Biology 2008, 41:637-676.
66. Weaver, L. (1925). The Institute, 1917-24 - A retrospect. Journal of the National Institute of Agricultural Botany, 1(3), 51-57. (Paper read at the 3rd AGM, 14th Nov. 1924.).
67. Weldon W.F.R. Mendel's laws of alternative inheritance in peas. Biometrika 1902, 1:228-254.
68. Wolfe A.J. The Cold War context of the Golden Jubilee, or, why we think of Mendel as the father of genetics. Journal of the History of Biology 2012, 45:389-414.