Hip strength assessment using handheld dynamometry is subject to intertester bias when testers are of different sex and strength

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports

Volumn 23, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 487-493

  Thorborg, K ^a   Bandholm, T ^a   Schick, M ^a   Jensen, J ^a   Holmich P ^a  

^a Mental Health Center Glostrup   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Athletes; Groin; Handheld dynamometer; Hip strength; Reproducibility

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATHLETE; DYNAMOMETER; FEMALE; HANDHELD DYNAMOMETER; HIP; HIP STRENGTH; HUMAN; INGUINAL REGION; JOINT CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONS; MALE; MUSCLE STRENGTH; OBSERVER VARIATION; PHYSIOLOGY; REPRODUCIBILITY; SEX DIFFERENCE; STATISTICS; YOUNG ADULT;

ATHLETES; GROIN; HANDHELD DYNAMOMETER; HIP STRENGTH; REPRODUCIBILITY;

ADULT; FEMALE; HIP; HIP JOINT; HUMANS; MALE; MUSCLE STRENGTH; MUSCLE STRENGTH DYNAMOMETER; OBSERVER VARIATION; RANGE OF MOTION, ARTICULAR; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SEX FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84880506033     PISSN: 09057188     EISSN: 16000838     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01405.x     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Akermark C, Johansson C. Tenotomy of the adductor longus tendon in the treatment of chronic groin pain in athletes. Am J Sports Med 1992: 20: 640-643.
2. Arokoski MH, Arokoski JPA, Haara M, Kankaanpaa M, Vesterinen M, Niemitukia LH, Helminen HJ. Hip muscle strength and muscle cross sectional area in men with and without hip osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 2002: 29: 2185-2195.
3. Beck M, Giess R, Wurffel W, Magnus T, Ochs G, Toyka KV. Comparison of maximal voluntary isometric contraction and Drachman's hand-held dynamometry in evaluating patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 1999: 22: 1265-1270.
4. Bohannon RW. Test-retest reliability of hand-held dynamometry during a single session of strength assessment. Phys Ther 1986: 66: 206-209.
5. Bohannon RW. Make tests and break tests of elbow flexor muscle strength. Phys Ther 1988: 68: 193-194.
6. Bohannon RW. Hand-held dynamometry: factors influencing reliability and validity. Clin Rehabil 1997: 11: 263-264.
7. Bohannon RW. Intertester reliability of hand-held dynamometry: a concise summary of published research. Percept Mot Skills 1999: 88: 899-902.
8. Bohannon RW, Andrews AW. Interrater reliability of hand-held dynamometry. Phys Ther 1987: 67: 931-933.
9. Bohannon RW, Vigneault J, Rizzo J. Hip external and internal rotation strength: consistency over time and between sides. Isokinet Exerc Sci 2008: 16: 107-111.
10. Boling MC, Padua DA, Marshall SW, Guskiewicz K, Pyne S, Beutler A. A prospective investigation of biomechanical risk factors for patellofemoral pain syndrome: the Joint Undertaking to Monitor and Prevent ACL Injury (JUMP-ACL) cohort. Am J Sports Med 2009: 37: 2108-2116.
11. Cetin C, Sekir U, Yildiz Y, Aydin T, Ors F, Kalyon TA. Chronic groin pain in an amateur soccer player. Br J Sports Med 2004: 38: 223-224.
12. Cichanowski HR, Schmitt JS, Johnson RJ, Niemuth PE. Hip strength in collegiate female athletes with patellofemoral pain. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007: 39: 1227-1232.
13. Emery CA, Meeuwisse WH. Risk factors for groin injuries in hockey. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001: 33: 1423-1433.
14. Engebretsen AH, Myklebust G, Holme I, Engebretsen L, Bahr R. Intrinsic risk factors for groin injuries among male soccer players. A prospective cohort study. Am J Sports Med 2010: 38: 2051-2057.
15. Ireland ML, Willson JD, Ballantyne BT, Davis IM. Hip strength in females with and without patellofemoral pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2003: 33: 671-676.
16. Kelln BM, McKeon PO, Gontkof LM, Hertel J. Hand-held dynamometry: reliability of lower extremity muscle testing in healthy, physically active, young adults. J Sport Rehabil 2008: 17: 160-170.
17. Kramer JF, Vaz MD, Vandervoort AA. Reliability of isometric hip abductor torques during examiner- and belt-resisted tests. J Gerontol 1991: 46: M47-M51.
18. Krause DA, Schlagel SJ, Stember BM, Zoetewey JE, Hollman JH. Influence of lever arm and stabilization on measures of hip abduction and adduction torque obtained by hand-held dynamometry. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2007: 88: 37-42.
19. McHugh MP, Tyler TF, Tetro DT, Mullaney MJ, Nicholas SJ. Risk factors for noncontact ankle sprains in high school athletes: the role of hip strength and balance ability. Am J Sports Med 2006: 34: 464-470.
20. Nadler SF, DePrince ML, Hausien DO, Malanga GA, Stitik TP, Price E. Portable dynamometer anchoring station for measuring strength of the hip extensors and abductors. Arch Phys Med 2000: 81: 1072-1076.
21. Niemuth PE, Johnson RJ, Myers MJ, Thieman TJ. Hip muscle weakness and overuse injuries in recreational runners. Clin J Sport Med 2005: 15: 14-21.
22. Scott DA, Bond EQ, Sisto SA, Nadler SF. The intra- and interrater reliability of hip muscle strength assessments using a handheld versus a portable dynamometer anchoring station. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004: 85: 598-603.
23. Sisto SA, Dyson-Hudson T. Dynamometry testing in spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev 2007: 44: 123-136.
24. Snyder KR, Earl JE, O'Connor KM, Ebersole KT. Resistance training is accompanied by increases in hip strength and changes in lower extremity biomechanics during running. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2009: 24: 26-34.
25. Thorborg K, Serner A, Petersen J, Moller Madsen T, Magnusson P, Hölmich P. Hip adduction and adduction strength profiles in elite soccer players: implications for clinical evaluation of hip adductor muscle recovery after injury. Am J Sports Med 2010a: (in press) [Epub ahead of print].
26. Thorborg K, Petersen J, Magnusson SP, Holmich P. Clinical assessment of hip strength using a hand-held dynamometer is reliable. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2010b: 20: 493-501.
27. Thorborg K, Bandholm T, Petersen J, Weeke KMØ, Weinold C, Andersen B, Serner A, Magnusson SP, Hölmich P. Hip abduction strength training in the clinical setting: with or without external loading? Scand J Med Sci Sports 2010c: 20 (Suppl. 2): 70-77.
28. Thorborg K, Couppe C, Petersen J, Magnusson P, Holmich P. Eccentric hip adduction and abduction strength in elite soccer players and matched controls a cross-sectional study. Br J Sports Med 2011: 45: 10-13.
29. Tyler TF, Nicholas SJ, Campbell RJ, McHugh MP. The association of hip strength and flexibility with the incidence of adductor muscle strains in professional ice hockey players. Am J Sports Med 2001: 29: 124-128.
30. Visser J, Mans E, de Visser JM, van den Berg-Vos RM, Franssen H, De Jong JMBV, van den Berg LH, Wokke JHJ, de Haan RJ. Comparison of maximal voluntary isometric contraction and hand-held dynamometry in measuring muscle strength of patients with progressive lower motor neuron syndrome. Neuromuscul Disord 2003: 13: 744-750.
31. Wadsworth C, Nielsen DH, Corcoran DS, Phillips CE, Sannes TL. Interrater reliability of hand-held dynamometry: effects of rater gender, body weight, and grip strength. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1992: 16: 74-81.
32. Widler KS, Glatthorn JF, Bizzini M, Impellizzeri FM, Munzinger U, Leunig M, Maffiuletti NA. Assessment of hip abductor muscle strength. A validity and reliability study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009: 91A: 2666-2672.
33. Wikholm JB, Bohannon RW. Hand-held dynamometer measurements: tester strength makes a difference. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1991: 13: 191-198.