Physical performance tests

Handbook of Employee Selection

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 277-298

  Gebhardt, Deborah L ^a   Baker, Todd A ^b  

^a Human Performance System Inc   (United States)

^b Human Performance Systems Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84880418177     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203809808     Document Type: Chapter

References (110)

1. Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, 29 U.S.C. Sec. 621, et. seq. (1967).
2. Alspaugh v. Michigan Law Enforcement Officers Training Council, 634 N.W.2d 161 (Mich. App. 2001).
3. American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education. (1999). Standards for educational and psychological testing. Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association.
4. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, 42 U.S. C. A.
5. Anderson, C. K. (2003). Physical ability testing for employment decision purposes. In W. Karwowski & W. S. Marras (Eds.). The occupational ergonomics handbook. New York, NY: Routledge.
6. Andrews v. State of Ohio, 104 F.3d 803 (6th cir., 1997).
7. Arvey, R. D., Landon, T. E., Nutting, S. M., & Maxwell, S. E. (1992). Development of physical ability tests for police officers: A construct validation approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 996-1009.
8. Astrand, P., Rodahl, K., Dahl, H. A., & Stromme, S. G. (2003). Textbook of work physiology (4th ed.) Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
9. Baker, T. A. (2007, April). Physical performance test results across ethnic groups: Does the type of test have an impact? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology. New York, NY.
10. Baker, T. A., & Gebhardt, D. L. (2001). Utility of physical performance tests in reduction of days lost and injuries in railroad train service positions. Beltsville, MD: Human Performance Systems.
11. Baker, T. A., & Gebhardt, D. L. (2005a). Development and validation of selection assessments for Energy Northwest nuclear security officers. Beltsville, MD: Human Performance Systems.
12. Baker, T. A., & Gebhardt, D. L. (2005b). Examination of revised passing scores for state police physical performance selection tests. Beltsville, MD: Human Performance Systems.
13. Baker, T. A., Sheppard, V. A., & Gebhardt, D. L. (2000). Development and validation of physical performance test for selection of City of Lubbock police officer. Beltsville, MD: Human Performance Systems.
14. Bartlett, C. J., Bobko, P., Mosier, S. B., & Hannan, R. (1978). Testing for fairness with a moderated multiple regression strategy: An alternative to differential analysis. Personnel Psychology, 31, 233-241.
15. Belk v. Southwestern Bell Telephone Company 194 F.3d 946 (8th Cir. 1999).
16. Berkman v. City of New York, 536 F. Supp. 177, 30 Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH) 33320 (E.D.N.Y. 1982).
17. Bilzon, J. L., Scarpello, E. G., Smith, C. V., Ravenhill, N. A., & Rayson, M. P. (2001). Characterization of the metabolic demands of simulated shipboard Royal Navy fire-fighting tasks. Ergonomics, 44, 766-780.
18. Blakely, B. R., Quinones, M. A., Crawford, M. S., & Jago, I. A. (1994). The validity of isometric strength tests. Personnel Psychology, 47, 247-274.
19. Brunet v. City of Columbus, 58 F.2d 251 (6th Cir. 1995).
20. Cascio, W. F., Alexander, R. A., & Barrett, G. V. (1988). Setting cutoff scores: Legal, psychometric, and professional issues and guidelines. Personnel Psychology, 41, 1-24.
21. Cascio, W. F., Outtz, J. L., Zedeck, S., & Goldstein, I. L. (1991). Statistical implications of six methods of test score use in personnel selection. Human Performance, 4, 233-264.
22. Chaffin, D. B., Herrin, G. D., Keyserling, W. M., & Foulke, J. A. (1977). Pre-employment strength testing in selecting workers for materials handling jobs (Report CDC-99-74-62). Cincinnati, OH: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Physiology, and Ergonomics Branch.
23. Chenoweth, D. (1994). Positioning health promotion to make an economic impact. In J. P. Opatz (Ed.), Economic impact of worksite health promotion. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
24. Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII), 42 U.S.C. §2000e-2, et seq., (1964).
25. Civil Rights Act of 1991, S. 1745, 102nd Congress, (1991).
26. Cleary, T. A. (1968). Test bias: Prediction of grades of Negro and white students in integrated colleges. Journal of Educational Measurement, 5, 115-124.
27. Craig, B. N., Congleton, J. J., Kerk, C. J., Amendola, A. A., & Gaines, W. G. (2006). Personal and non-occupational risk factors and occupational injury/illness. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 49, 249-260.
28. Davis, P. O., Dotson, C. O., & Santa Maria, D. L. (1982). Relationship between simulated fire fighting tasks and physical performance measures. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 14, 65-71.
29. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Dial Corp, No. 05-4183/4311 (8th Cir. 2006).
30. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Civil Service Commission, Department of Labor, and Department of Justice. (1978). Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures. Washington, DC: Bureau of National Affairs, Inc.
31. Fleishman, E. A. (1964). Structure and measurement of physical fitness. Englewood, NJ: Prentice Hall.
32. Fleishman, E. A., Gebhardt, D. L., & Hogan, J. C. (1986). The perception of physical effort in job tasks. In G. Borg & D. Ottoson (Eds.), The perception of exertion in physical work (pp. 225-242). Stockholm, Sweden: Macmillan Press.
33. Fleishman, E. A., & Quaintance, M. K. (1984). Taxonomies of human performance. New York, NY: Academic Press.
34. Fraternal Order of Police Local 101 v. Butler County Sheriff’s Department, #05-ULP-09-0509, 23 OPER 30 (Ohio SERB, 2006).
35. Gately v. Massachusetts, 92-CV-13018-MA (D. Mass. Dec. 30, 1992).
36. Gately v. Massachusetts, No. 92-13018 (D. Mass. Sept. 26, 1996).
37. Gebhardt, D. L. (1984). Revision of physical ability scales. Bethesda, MD: Advanced Research Resources Organization.
38. Gebhardt, D. L. (2000). Establishing performance standards. In S. Constable & B. Palmer (Eds.), The process of physical standards development (pp. 179-197). Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH: Human Systems Information Analysis Center.
39. Gebhardt, D. L. (2007, April). Physical performance testing: What is the true impact? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology. New York, NY.
40. Gebhardt, D. L., & Baker, T. A. (1999). Validation of physical performance tests for the selection of firefighters in the State of New Jersey. Beltsville, MD: Human Performance Systems.
41. Gebhardt, D. L., & Baker, T. A. (2006). Determination of incumbent passing scores for the Massachusetts State Police physical performance test. Beltsville, MD: Human Performance Systems.
42. Gebhardt, D. L., & Baker, T. A. (2007). Physical performance assessment. In S. G. Rogelberg (Ed.), Encyclopedia of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 179-199). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
43. Gebhardt, D. L., Baker, T. A., Curry, J. E., & Mc Callum, K. (2005). Development and validation of medical guidelines and physical performance tests for U. S. Senate Sergeant at Arms positions: Vol. I and II. Beltsville, MD: Human Performance Systems.
44. Gebhardt, D. L., Baker, T. A., & Sheppard, V. A. (1992). Development and validation of physical performance tests dockworker, hostler, and driver jobs in the freight industry. Hyattsville, MD: Human Performance Systems.
45. Gebhardt, D. L., Baker, T. A., & Sheppard, V. A. (1998). Development and validation of physical performance tests for BellSouth physically demanding jobs. Hyattsville, MD: Human Performance Systems.
46. Gebhardt, D. L., Baker, T. A., & Thune, A. (2006). Development and validation of physical performance, cognitive, and personality assessments for selectors and delivery drivers. Beltsville, MD: Human Performance Systems.
47. Gebhardt, D. L. & Crump, C. E. (1984). Validation of physical performance selection tests for paramedics. Bethesda, MD: Advanced Research Resources Organization.
48. Gebhardt, D. L., & Crump, C. E. (1990). Employee fitness and wellness programs in the workplace. American Psychologist, 45, 262-272.
49. Gebhardt, D. L., Schemmer, F. M., & Crump, C. E. (1985). Development and validation of selection tests for longshoremen and marine clerks. Bethesda, MD: Advanced Research Resources Organization.
50. Gilliam, T., & Lund, S. J. (2000). Injury reduction in truck driver/dock workers through physical capability new hire screening. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, S126.
51. Gledhill, N., & Jamnik, V. K. (1992). Characterization of the physical demands of firefighting. Canadian Journal of Sport Science, 17, 207-213.
52. Golding, L. A. (2000). YMc A fitness testing and assessment manual (4th ed.), Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
53. Guion, R. M. (1998). Assessment, measurement andprediction for personnel decisions. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
54. Gutman, A. (2003). Adverse impact: Why is it so difficult to understand? The Industrial-Organizational Psychologist, 40, 50.
55. Hardy v. Stumpf, 17 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 468 (Supp. Ct. Cal. 1978).
56. Harless v. Duck, 22 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 1073 (6th Cir. 1980).
57. Hattori, Y., Ono, Y., Shimaoka, M., Hiruta, S., Kamijima, M., & Takeuchi, Y. (1998). Test-retest reliability of isometric and isoinertial testing in symmetric and asymmetric lifting. Ergonomics, 41, 1050-1059.
58. Hazard, R. G., Reeves, V., & Fenwick, J. W. (1992). Lifting capacity. Indices of subject effort. Spine, 17, 1065-1070.
59. Hodgdon, J. A., & Jackson, A. S. (2000). Physical test validation for job selection. In S. Constable & B. Palmer (Eds.), The process of physical fitness standards development (pp. 139-177). Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH: Human Systems Information Analysis Center.
60. Hogan, J. C. (1991a). Physical abilities. In M. D. Dunnette & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 753-831). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.
61. Hogan, J. C. (1991b). Structure of physical performance in occupational tasks. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 495-507.
62. Hogan, J. C., & Quigley, A. M. (1986). Physical standards for employment and the courts. American Psychologist, 41, 1193-1217.
63. Hogan, J. C., & Quigley, A. M. (1994). Effects of preparing for physical ability tests. Public Personnel Management, 23, 85-104.
64. Jackson, A. S., Osburn, H. G., Laughery, K. R., & Vaubel, K. P. (1992). Validity of isometric tests for predicting the capacity to crack open and closed industrial valves (pp. 688-691). In Human Factors and Ergonomics Society annual meeting proceedings. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
65. Jackson, A. S., & Sekula, B. K. (1999). The influence of strength and gender on defining psychophysical lifting capacity. Proceeding of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 43, 723-727.
66. Karwowski, W., & Mital, A. (1986). Isometric and isokinetic testing of lifting strength of males in teamwork. Ergonomics, 29, 869-878.
67. Kehoe, J. F., & Olson, A. (2005). Cut scores and employment discrimination litigation. In F. J. Landy (Ed.), Employment discrimination litigation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
68. Knapik, J. J., Canham-Chervak, M., Hoedebecke, E., Hewitson, W. C., Hauret, K., Held, C. et al. (2001). The fitness training unit in U.S. Army basic combat training: Physical fitness, training outcomes, and injuries. Military Medicine, 166, 356-361.
69. Knapik, J. J., Darakjy, S., Hauret, K. G., Canada, S., Scott, S., Rieger, W. et al. (2006). Increasing the physical fitness of low-fit recruits before basic combat training: An evaluation of fitness, injuries, and training outcomes. Military Medicine, 171, 45-54.
70. Knapik, J. J., Jones, S. B., Darakjy, S., Hauret, K. G., Bullock, S. H., Sharp, M. A., et al. (2007). Injury rates and injury risk factors among U.S. Army wheel vehicle mechanics. Military Medicine, 172, 988-996.
71. Kraemer, W. J., Mazzetti, S. A., Nindl, B. C., Gotshalk, L. A., Volek, J. S., Bush, J. A., et al. (2001). Effect of resistance training on women’s strength/power and occupational performances. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33, 1011-1025.
72. Landy, F., Bland, R., Buskirk, E., Daly, R. E., Debusk, R. F., Donovan, E., et al. (1992). Alternatives to chronological age in determining standards of suitability for public safety jobs (Technical Report) University City, PA: Center for Applied Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University.
73. Landy, F. J., & Conte, J. M. (2007). Work in the 21st century: An introduction to industrial and organizational psychology. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
74. Lanning v. Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority, 181 F.3d 478, 482-484 (3rd Cir. 1999).
75. Lanning v. Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority, 308 F.3d 286 (3rd Cir. 2002).
76. Legault v. Russo, 64 FEP Cases (BNA) 170 (D.N.H., 1994).
77. Levine, M. S. (1977). Canonical correlation analysis: Uses and interpretation. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
78. Lygren, H., Dragesund, T., Joensen, J., Ask, T., & Moe-Nilssen, R. (2005). Test-retest reliability of the Progressive Isoinertial Lifting Evaluation (PILE). Spine, 30, 1070-1074.
79. Mayer, T., Gatchel, R., & Mooney, V. (1990). Safety of the dynamic progressive isoinertial lifting evaluation (PILE) test. Spine, 15, 985-986.
80. Mc Ardle, W. D., Katch, F. I., & Katch, V. L. (2007). Exercise physiology: Energy, nutrition, and human performance physiology (5th ed.). Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
81. Mc Ginnis, P. M. (2007). Biomechanics of sport and exercise (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
82. Myers, D. C., Gebhardt, D. L., Crump, C. E., & Fleishman, E. A. (1993). The dimensions of human physical performance: Factor analyses of strength, stamina, flexibility, and body composition measures. Human Performance, 6, 309-344.
83. Nindl, B. C., Barnes, B. R., Alemany, J. A., Frykman, P. N., Shippee, R. L., & Friedl, K. E. (2007). Physiological consequences of U.S. Army Ranger training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39, 1380-1387.
84. Pandolf, K. B., Burse, R. L., & Goldman, R. F. (1977). Role of physical fitness in heat acclimatization, decay and reinduction. Ergonomics, 20, 399-408.
85. Peanick v. Reno, 95-2594 (8th Cir. 1995).
86. Pedhazur, E. J. (1997). Multiple regression in behavioral research: Explanation and prediction (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Harcourt Barace College Publishers.
87. Pentagon Force Protection Agency v. Fraternal Order of Police DPS Labor Committee, FLRA Case #WA-CA-04-0251 (Wash. Region, 2004).
88. Porch v. Union Pacific Railroad, Administrative law proceeding, State of Utah.
89. Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.S.C. 701 et. seq. (1973).
90. Rothstein, M. A., Carver, C. B., Schroeder, E. P., & Shoben, E. W. (1999). Employment law (2nd ed.). St. Paul, MN: West Group.
91. Ruan, C. M., Haig, A. J., Geisser, M. E., Yamakawa, K., & Buchholz, R. L. (2001). Functional capacity evaluations in persons with spinal disorders: Predicting poor outcomes on the Functional Assessment Screening Test (FAST). Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 11, 119-132.
92. Sackett, P. R., & Mavor, A. S. (2006). Assessing fitness for military enlistment: Physical, medical and mental health standards. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
93. Safrit, M. J., & Wood, T. M. (1989). Measurement concepts in physical education and exercise science. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
94. Salgado, J. F., Viswesvaran, C., & Ones, D. S. (2001). Predictors used for personnel selection. In N. Anderson, D. S. Ones, H. K. Sinaangil, & C. Viswesvaran (Eds.), Handbook of work and organizational psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 164-199). London, England: Sage.
95. Sharf, J. C. (1999). Third circuit’s Lanning v. SEPTA decision: Business necessity requires setting minimum standards. The Industrial-Organizational Psychologist, 37, 149.
96. Sharf, J. C. (2003). Lanning revisited: The third circuit again rejects relative merit. The Industrial-Organizational Psychologist, 40, 40.
97. Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L. (1979). Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 420-428.
98. Smith v. Des Moines, #95-3802, 99 F.3d 1466, 1996 U.S. App. Lexis 29340, 72 FEP Cases (BNA) 628, 6 AD Cases (BNA) 14 (8th Cir. 1996). [1997 FP 11]
99. Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (2003). Principles for the validation and use of personnel selection procedures (4th ed.). Bowling Green, OH: Author.
100. Sothmann, M. S., Gebhardt, D. L., Baker, T. A., Kastello, G. M., & Sheppard, V. A. (2004). Performance requirements of physically strenuous occupations: Validating minimum standards for muscular strength and endurance. Ergonomics, 47, 864-875.
101. Sothmann, M. S., Saupe, K., Jasenof, D., Blaney, J., Donahue-Fuhrman, S., Woulfe, T., et al. (1990). Advancing age and the cardiovascular stress of fire suppression: Determining the minimum standard for aerobic fitness. Human Performance, 3, 217-236.
102. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1997). Using multivariate statistics. New York, NY: HarperCollins College Publishers.
103. Teresa D. Varden v. City of Alabaster, Alabama and John Cochran; US District Court, Northern District of Alabama, Southern Division; 2:04-CV-0689-AR.
104. Terpstra, D. A., Mohamed, A. A., & Kethley, R. B. (1999). An analysis of federal court cases involving nine selection devices. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 7, 26-34.
105. Ugelow, R. S. (2005). I-O psychology and the Department of Justice. In F. J. Landy (Ed.), Employment discrimination litigation: Behavioral, quantitative, and legal perspectives (pp. 463-490). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
106. United States v. City of Erie, Pennsylvania, #04-4, 352 F. Supp. 2d 1105, (W.D. Pa. 2005).
107. UWUA Local 223 & The Detroit Edison Co., AAA Case No. 54-30-1746-87 (Apr. 17, 1991) (Lipson, Arb.)
108. Whaley, M. H., Brubaker, P. H., & Otto, R. M. (2006). ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (7th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
109. White v. Village of Homewood, 628 N.E.2d 616 (Ill. App. 1993).
110. Wigdor, A. K., & Green, B. F. (1991). Performance assessment for the workplace. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.