Workplace bullying in the UK NHS: A questionnaire and interview study on prevalence, impact and barriers to reporting

BMJ Open

Volumn 3, Issue 6, 2013, Pages

  Carter, Madeline ^a   Thompson, Neill ^b   Crampton, Paul ^a   Morrow, Gill ^a   Burford, Bryan ^a   Gray, Christopher ^c   Illing, Jan ^a  

^a DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b NORTHUMBRIA UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c Northern Deanery   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABSENTEEISM; ADULT; ARTICLE; BULLYING; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DENTIST; DISTRESS SYNDROME; EMERGENCY CARE; ETHNICITY; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION; HUMAN; JOB SATISFACTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MANAGER; MEDICAL STAFF; NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; PATIENT CARE; PREVALENCE; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; REGISTERED NURSE; STRUCTURED INTERVIEW; TELECONSULTATION; UNITED KINGDOM; WORK ENVIRONMENT; WORKLOAD; WORKPLACE BULLYING;

EID: 84880415936     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20446055     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002628     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. National NHS Staff Survey 2007. Commission for Healthcare Audit and Inspection, 2008.
2. NHS Staff Survey (2008). http://www.nhsstaffsurveys.com/cms/
3. NHS Staff Survey (2009). http://www.nhsstaffsurveys.com/cms/
4. NHS Staff Survey (2010). http://www.nhsstaffsurveys.com/cms/
5. NHS Staff Survey (2011). http://www.nhsstaffsurveys.com/cms/
6. NHS Staff Survey (2012). http://www.nhsstaffsurveys.com/cms/
7. Kivimaki M, Elovainio M, Vahtera J. Workplace bullying and sickness absence in hospital staff. Occup Environ Med 2000;57:656-60.
8. Quine L. Workplace bullying in NHS community trust: staff questionnaire study. BMJ 1999;318:228-32. (Pubitemid 29192029)
9. Leymann H. Mobbing and psychological terror at workplaces. Violence Vict 1990;5:119-26. (Pubitemid 20284698)
10. Brousse G, Fontana L, Ouchchane L, et al. Psychopathological features of a patient population of targets of workplace bullying. Occup Med 2008;58:122-8. (Pubitemid 351338646)
11. Einarsen S, Raknes BI, Matthiesen SB, et al. Bullying at work and its relationships with health complaints-moderating effects of social support and personality. Nordisk Psykol 1996;48:116-37. Cited in: Einarsen S, Hoel H, Zapf D, Cooper CL eds. Bullying and emotional abuse in the workplace: international perspectives in research and practice, 127-144. London: Taylor & Francis.
12. Kivimaki M, Virtanen M, Vartia M, et al. Workplace bullying and the risk of cardiovascular disease and depression. Occup Environ Med 2003;60:779-83. (Pubitemid 37194026)
13. Paice E, Smith D. Bullying of trainee doctors is a patient safety issue. Clin Teach 2009;6:13-17.
14. Boorman S. NHS Health and Well-being: Final Report. 2009. http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/ PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH-108799
15. Mojoyinola JK. Effects of job stress on health, personal and work behaviour of nurses in public hospitals in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria. Ethno-Med 2008;2:143-8.
16. Motowidlo SJ, Packard JS, Manning MR. Occupational stress: its causes and consequences for job performance. J Appl Psychol 1986;71:618-29.
17. Randle J. Bullying in the nursing profession. J Adv Nurs 2003;43:395-401. (Pubitemid 37255862)
18. Giga SI, Hoel H, Lewis D. The costs of workplace bullying. University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, 2008.
19. Bowles DJ. Investigation into management culture in NHS Lothian. Report to the Cabinet Secretary. 2012. http://www.nhslothian.scot. nhs.uk/MediaCentre/ PressReleases/2012/Documents/Lothian-report-for-Cab-Sec-10th-May.pdf
20. Francis R. Report of the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Public Inquiry. 2013. http://www.midstaffsinquiry.com/report
21. Zapf D, Escartin J, Einarsen S, et al. Empirical findings on prevalence and risk groups of bullying in the workplace. In: Einarsen S, Hoel H, Zapf D, Cooper CL, eds Bullying and harassment in the workplace: developments in theory, research, and practice. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2011, 75-105.
22. Einarsen S, Hoel H, Zapf D, et al. The concept of bullying and harassment at work: the European tradition. In: Einarsen S, Hoel H, Zapf D, Cooper CL, eds. Bullying and harassment in the workplace: developments in theory, research, and practice. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2011, 3-39.
23. Einarsen S, Raknes BI, Matthiesen SB, et al. Mobbing og harde personkonflicter. [Harassment and serious interpersonal conflicts at work.] Bergen, Norway: Sigma Forlag, 1994.
24. Frank E, Carrera JS, Stratton T, et al. Experiences of belittlement and harassment and their correlates among medical students in the United States: longitudinal survey. BMJ 2006;333:682.
25. Quine L. Workplace bullying in junior doctors: Questionnaire Survey. BMJ 2002;324:878-9. (Pubitemid 34303939)
26. Hoel H, Cooper C. Destructive conflict and bullying at work. Manchester: UMIST, 2000.
27. NHS Employers. Bullying and harassment guidance. 2006. http://www.nhsemployers.org/Aboutus/Publications/Pages/BullyingAndHarassment. aspx
28. NHS Staff Survey Guidance Notes, Care Quality Commission. 2009.
29. Nielsen MB, Notelaers G, Einarsen S. Measuring exposure to workplace bullying. In: Einarsen S, Hoel H, Zapf D, Cooper CL, eds. Bullying and harassment in the workplace: developments in theory, research, and practice. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2011, 149-74.
30. Hogh A, Hansen AM, Mikkelsen EG, et al. Exposure to negative acts at work, psychological stress reactions and physiological stress response. J Psychosom Res 2012;73:47-52.
31. Jiminez BM, Munoz AR, Gamarra MM, et al. Assessing workplace bullying: Spanish validation of a reduced version of the Negative Acts Questionnaire. Span J Psychol 2007;10:449-57.
32. Salin D. Prevalence and forms of bullying among business professionals: a comparison of two different strategies for measuring bullying. Eur J Work Organ Psy 2001;10:425-41.
33. Goldberg DP. Manual of the general health questionnaire. NFER Publishing, 1978.
34. Weinberg A, Creed F. Stress and psychiatric disorder in healthcare professionals and hospital staff. Lancet 2000;355:533-7. (Pubitemid 30088673)
35. Goldberg D, Williams P. A user's guide to the general health questionnaire. GL Assessment, 1988.
36. Politi PL, Piccinelli M, Wilkinson G. Reliability, validity and factor structure of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire among young males in Italy. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1994;90:432-7. (Pubitemid 24358504)
37. Toyabe S, Shioiri T, Kuwabara H, et al. Impaired psychological recovery in the elderly after the Niigata-Chuetsu earthquake in Japan: a population based study. BMC Public Health 2006;6:230.
38. Holt A. Using the telephone for narrative interviewing: a research note. Qual Res 2010;10:113-21.
39. Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol 2006;3:77-101.
40. Quine L. Workplace bullying in nurses. J Health Psychol 2001;6:73-84. (Pubitemid 32125044)
41. Coyne I, Seigne E, Randall P. Predicting workplace victim status from personality. Eur J Work Organ Psychol 2000;9:335-49.
42. Glaso L, Matthiesen SB, Nielsen MB, et al. Do targets of workplace bullying portray a general victim personality profile? Scand J Psychol 2007;48:313-19.
43. Rammsayer T, Stahl J, Schmiga K. Basic personality dimensions and stress-related coping strategies in victims of workplace bullying. Z Personalpsychol 5:41-52.
44. Persson R, Hogh A, Hansen AM, Nordander C, et al. (2009). Personality trait scores among occupationally active bullied persons and witnesses to bullying. Motivation and Emotion 2006;33:387-399.
45. Persson R, Hogh A, Hansen AM, et al. Personality trait scores among occupationally active bullied persons and witnesses to bullying. Motiv Emotion 2009;33:387-99.
46. Seigne E, Coyne I, Randall P. Personality traits of the victims of workplace bullying: an Irish sample, Ninth European Congress of Work and Organizational Psychology, 12-15 May, Espoo, Finland. In: Kemshall H, Pritchard J.eds Good practice in working with victims of violence, 1999:101-18.
47. Matthiesen SB, Einarsen S. MMPI-2 configurations among victims of bullying at work. Eur J Work Organ Psychol 2001;10:467-84.
48. Rodriguez-Munoz A, Baillien E, De Witte H, et al. Cross-lagged relationships between workplace bullying, job satisfaction and engagement: two longitudinal studies. Work Stress 2009;23: 225-43.
49. Lallukka T, Haukka J, Partonen T, et al. Workplace bullying and subsequent psychotropic medication: a cohort study with register linkages. BMJ Open 2012;2:e001660.
50. Department of Health (2012). The NHS Constitution for England. Downloaded from:http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/ PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH-132961
51. Kirmeyer SL, Dougherty TW. Work load, tension, and coping: moderating effects of supervisor support. Pers Psychol 1988;41:125-39.
52. Rayner C, McIvor K. Research report on the dignity at work project. Report prepared for Amicus and DTI, 2008.
53. Resch M, Schubinski M. Mobbing-prevention and management in organizations. Eur J Work Organ Psychol 1996;5:295-307.
54. Illing JC, Carter M, Thompson NJ, et al. Evidence synthesis on the occurrence, causes, consequences, prevention and management of bullying and harassing behaviours to inform decision making in the NHS. NIHR Service Delivery and Organisation programme; 2013, Final report.
55. Nielsen MB, Matthiesen SB, Einarsen S. The impact of methodological moderators on prevalence rates of workplace bullying. A meta-analysis. J Occup Organ Psych 2010;83:955-79.
56. Zapf D, Einarsen S, Hoel H, et al. Empirical findings on bullying in the workplace. In: Einarsen S, Hoel H, Zapf D, Cooper CL, eds. Bullying and emotional abuse in the workplace: international perspectives in research and practice. London: Taylor & Francis, 2003, 103-26.
57. Steadman L, Quine L, Jack K, et al. Experience of workplace bullying behaviours in postgraduate hospital dentists: Questionnaire study. Br Denl J 2009;207:379-80.
58. Coomber S, Todd C, Park G, et al. Stress in UK intensive care unit doctors. Br J Anaesth 2002;89:873-81. (Pubitemid 35460526)
59. Firth-Cozens J. Levels and sources of stress in medical students. BMJ 1986;292:1177-80.
60. Firth-Cozens J. Emotional distress in junior house officers. BMJ 1987;295:533-6. (Pubitemid 17126917)
61. Fevre R, Robinson A, Jones T, et al. Work fit for all-disability, health and the experience of negative treatment in the British workplace. Insight Report No.1, Equality and Human Rights Commission, 2008.
62. Vartia M, Leka S. Interventions for the prevention and management of bullying at work. In: Einarsen S, Hoel H, Zapf D, Cooper CL, eds. Bullying and harassment in the workplace: developments in theory, research, and practice. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2011, 359-79.