A descriptive study of adverse events from clenbuterol misuse and abuse for weight loss and bodybuilding

Substance Abuse

Volumn 34, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 306-312

  Spiller, Henry A ^a,b   James, Kyla J ^c   Scholzen, Steven ^d   Borys, Douglas J ^d  

^a NATIONWIDE CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c Sullivan University   (United States)

^d Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences   (United States)

Author keywords

abuse; bodybuilding; Clenbuterol; weight loss

Indexed keywords

BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; CLENBUTEROL; PERFORMANCE ENHANCING SUBSTANCE; STREET DRUG;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CASE REPORT; DRUG EFFECT; FEMALE; FITNESS; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POISON CENTER; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SELF MEDICATION; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

ADRENERGIC BETA-AGONISTS; ADULT; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CLENBUTEROL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING SUBSTANCES; PHYSICAL FITNESS; POISON CONTROL CENTERS; SELF MEDICATION; STREET DRUGS; WEIGHT LOSS;

EID: 84880285639     PISSN: 08897077     EISSN: 15470164     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2013.772083     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Couet, W, Girault, J, Reigner, B G. 1989. Steady-state bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of ambroxol and clenbuterol administered alone and combined in a new oral formulation. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol., 27: 467-472. (Pubitemid 19225363)
2. Hida, W, Sakurai, M, Ichinose, M. 1985. Effect of clenbuterol on peripheral airway obstruction in bronchial asthma. Curr Med Res Opin., 9: 616-625. (Pubitemid 16241026)
3. Whitsett, T L, Manion, C V, and, Wilson, M F. 1981. Cardiac, pulmonary and neuromuscular effects of clenbuterol and terbutaline compared with placebo. Br J Clin Pharmacol., 12: 195-200. (Pubitemid 11034440)
4. Duabert, G P, Mabasa, V H, Leung, V WY, and, Aaron, C. 2007. Acute clenbuterol overdose resulting in supraventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation. J Med Toxicol., 3: 56-60.
5. Office of Diversion Control. Drug Enforcement Administration. Drugs and Chemicals of Concern-Clenbuterol (October 2009). Available at: http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugs-concern/clenbuterol.htm. Accessed February 7, 2012
6. Animal Drugs @ FDA. Ventipulmin® syrup [N.D.]. Available at: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/animaldrugsatfda/index.cfm?gb=2. Accessed February 12, 2012
7. World Anti-Doping Agency. WADA statement on clenbuterol (6-15-2011). Available at: http://www.wada-ama.org/en/Media-Center/News-Center/Articles/WADA- statement-on-clenbuterol. Accessed May 12, 2012
8. Ricks, C A, Dalrymple, R H, Baker, P K, and, Ingle, D L. 1984. Use of a β-agonist to alter fat and muscle disposition in steers. J Anim Sci., 59: 1247-1255.
9. Jiang, G L, Gu, Y D, Zhang, L Y, Shen, L Y, Yu, C, and, Xu, J G. 2011. Randomized, double blinded and placebo-controlled trial of clenbuterol in denervated muscle atrophy. Int Scholarly Res Network Pharmaceut., 2011: 981254. [Epub August 15, 2011], doi: 10.5402/2011/981254
10. Spann, C, and, Winters, M E. 1995. Effect of clenbuterol on athletic performance. Ann Pharmacother., 29: 75-77.
11. Phreak Information [N.D.]. Natural Medicine's Comprehensive Database. Available at: http://naturaldatabase.therapeuticresearch.com/nd/Search.aspx?cs= FACULTY&s=ND&pt=103&sh=4&id=89718&ft=2. Accessed May 12, 2012
12. Parr, M K, Koehler, K, Geyer, H, Guddat, S, and, Schanzer, W. 2008. Clenbuterol marketed as dietary supplement. Biomed Chromatogr., 22: 298-300. (Pubitemid 351459945)
13. Huckins, D S, and, Lemons, M F. 2013. Myocardial ischemia associated with clenbuterol abuse: report of two cases. J Emerg Med., 44: 444-449.
14. Maltin, C A, Delday, M I, Watson, J S. 1993. Clenbuterol, a beta-adrenoceptor agonist, increases relative muscle strength in orthopaedic patients. Clin Sci., 84: 651-654. (Pubitemid 23171175)
15. Brambilla, G, Cenci, T, Franconi, F. 2000. Clinical and pharamcologicial profile in a clenbuterol epidemic poisoning of contaminated beef meat in Italy. Toxcol Lett., 114: 47-53. (Pubitemid 30125440)
16. Brambilla, G, Loizzo, A, Fontana, L, Strozzi, M, Guarino, A, and, Soprano, V. 1997. Food poisoning following consumption of clenbuterol-treated veal in Italy. JAMA., 278: 635 (Pubitemid 27373834)
17. Dschumestre-Toulet, V, Crimele, V, Ludes, B, and, Gromb, S. 2002. Kintz P. Hair analysis of seven body builders for anabolic steroids, ephedrine and clenbuterol. J Forensic Sci., 47: 211-214. (Pubitemid 34084180)
18. Kintz, P, Dumestre-Toulet, V, Jamey, C, Cirimele, V, and, Ludes, B. 2000. Doping control for beta-adrenergic compounds through hair analysis. J Forensic Sci., 45: 170-174. (Pubitemid 30041623)
19. Lust, E B, Barthold, C, Malesker, M A, and, Wichman, T O. 2011. Human health hazards of veterinary medications: information for emergency departments. J Emerg Med., 40: 198-207.
20. Chodorowski, Z, and, Sein Anand, J. 1997. Acute poisoning with clenbuterol-a case report. Przegl Lek., 54: 763-764.
21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005. Atypical reactions associated with heroin use in five states, January-April 2005. MMWR Morb Mort Wkly Rep., 54: 793-796.
22. Manini, A, Labinson, R M, Kirrane, B. 2008. A novel neuromuscular syndrome associated with clenbuterol-tainted heroin. Clin Toxicol., 46: 1088-1092.
23. Wingert, W E, Mundy, L A, Nelson, L, Wong, S C, and, Curtis, J. 2008. Detection of clenbuterol in heroin users in twelve postmortem cases at the Philadelphia medical examiner's office. J Anal Toxicol., 32: 522-528.
24. Hoffman, R S, Kirrane, B M, and, Marcus, S M. 2008. A descriptive study of an outbreak of clenbuterol-contaminated heroin. Ann Emerg Med., 52: 548-553.
25. Monaghan, LF. 2001. Bodybuilding, Drugs and Risk, 1-15. New York: Routledge.
26. Clenbuterol-T3-Combo [N.D.]. Chem Shop Web site. Available at: http://www.chemshop.org/shop/combo-specials/clenbuterol-t3. Accessed May 12, 2012
27. Keelan, P, Gray, P, and, Cox, G A. 1980. A multiple-dose response study of clenbuterol in bronchial asthma. Irish Med J., 73: 382-384. (Pubitemid 11205858)
28. Schechter, E, Hoffman, R S, Stajic, M, and, Tarabar, A. 2007. Pulmonary edema and respiratory failure associated with clenbuterol exposure. Am J Emerg Med., 25: 735e1-735e3.
29. Goldstein, D R, Dobbs, T, Krull, B, and, Plumb, V J. 1998. Clenbuterol and anabolic steroids: a previously unreported cause of myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteriorgrams. South Med J., 91: 780-784. (Pubitemid 28374537)
30. Kierzkowska, B, Stanczyk, J, and, Kasprazak, D. 2005. Myocardial infarction in a 17-year-old body builder using clenbuterol. Circulation., 69: 1144-1146. (Pubitemid 41603106)
31. Maistro, S, Chiesa, E, Angeletti, R, and, Brambilla, G. 1995. Beta blocker to prevent clenbuterol poisoning. Lancet., 346: 180