A defense of genetic discrimination

Hastings Center Report

Volumn 43, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 33-42

  Levin, Noah ^a  

^a Golden West College   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; FEAR; GENETIC PRIVACY; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; LEGAL ASPECT; OCCUPATION; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIAL STIGMA;

FEAR; GENETIC PRIVACY; GENOTYPE; HUMANS; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; OCCUPATIONS; PREJUDICE; SOCIAL STIGMA;

EID: 84880265876     PISSN: 00930334     EISSN: 1552146X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/hast.193     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008: Public Law 110-233.
2. Equality and Human Rights Commission, "EHRC-When Is Discrimination Justified?" at http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/advice-and-guidance/your-rights/disability/the-law-about-disability-discrimination/when-is-discrimination-justified/.
3. J.G. Wong and F. Lieh-Mak, "Genetic Discrimination and Mental Illness: A Case Report, "Journal of Medical Ethics 27 (2001): 393-97.
4. J.M. Kaplan, The Limits and Lies of Human Genetic Research (New York: Routledge, 2000).
5. P.T. Thomas, "Epileptic US Dustman Jailed for Killing Brits, "Sky News, November 18 2009, at http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Epileptic-Dustman-Auvryn-Scarlett-Jailed-For-20-Years-For-Murder-Of-Jackie-Timmins-And-Andrew-Hardie/Article/200911315457024.
6. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, "Questions and Answers: Enforcement Guidance on Disability-Related Inquiries and Medical Examinations of Employees under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), "at http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/qanda-inquiries.html.
7. B.M. Kious, "Genetic Nondiscrimina-tion and Health Care as an Entitlement, "Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 35, no. 2 (2010): 86-100.
8. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010: Public Law 111-148.
9. See Kaplan, The Limits and Lies of Human Genetic Research; T.H. Murray, "Genetic Exceptionalism and 'Future Diaries': Is Genetic Information Different from Other Medical Information?" in Genetic Secrets: Protecting Privacy and Confidentiality in the Genetic Era, ed. M.A. Rothstein (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1997), 60-73.; Kious "Genetic Nondiscrimination and Health Care as an Entitlement."
10. Civil Rights Act of 1964: Public Law 88-352.
11. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, "Federal Laws Prohibiting Job Discrimination Questions And Answers, "2009, at http://www.eeoc.gov/facts/qanda.html.
12. Woodcock v. Cumbria Primary Care Trust [2012] EWCA Civ 330; [2012] IRLR 491 (CA).
13. See J. Malouff et al., "US Laws that Protect Tobacco Users from Employment Discrimination, "Tobacco Control 2 (1993): 132-38, for a good, though dated, summary on tobacco discrimination legislation; see National Conference of State Legislatures, "Discrimination Laws Regarding Off-Duty Conduct, "at http://www.ncsl.org/documents/employ/off-dutyconduct-discrimination.pdf on general legislation on out-of-work conduct for a more recent accounting on all states.
14. W.B. Bunn III et al., "Effect of Smoking Status on Productivity Loss, "Journal of Occupational Environmental Medicine 48, no. 10 (2006):1099-108
15. M.T. Halperna et al., "Impact of Smoking Status on Workplace Absenteeism and Productivity, "Tobacco Control 10 (2001): 233-23.
16. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, "Historic Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act Takes Effect: EEOC Assumes New Area of Jurisdiction to Protect Confidentiality of Genetic Information, "2009, at http://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/newsroom/release/11-20-09.cfm.
17. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, "Genetic Information Discrimination, "at http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/types/genetic.cfm; emphasis theirs.
18. C. Serra et al., "Criteria and Methods Used for the Assessment of Fitness for Work: a Systematic Review, "Occupational Environmental Medicine 64 (2007): 304-312.
19. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, "Questions and Answers."
20. K and Others v. Secretary of Justice, Case Number DCEO 3/1999. Reported in: [2000] 3 HKLRD 777.
21. Council for Responsible Genetics, "Genetic Discrimination: A Position Paper Presented by the Council for Responsible Genetics, "2001, at http://www.coun-cilforresponsiblegenetics.org/ViewPage.aspx?pageId=85.
22. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, "Genetic Information Non-Discrimination Act Charges FY 2010-2011, "http://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/statistics/enforcement/genetic.cfm.
23. E. Callaway, "First Genetic Discrimination Claim since US ban, "NewScientist, April 2010, at http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/shortsharpscience/2010/04/genetic-discrimination-complai.html.
24. Wong and Lieh-Mak, "Genetic Discrimination and Mental Illness."
25. EEOC v. Burlington N. Santa Fe Ry. Co., No. C 01-4013-MWB (N.D. Iowa 2001). For discussion, see National Human Genome Research Institute, "Cases of Genetic Discrimination, "2010, at http://www.genome.gov/12513976.
26. S. Fink, "EEOC v. BNSF: The Risks and Rewards of Genetic Exceptionalism, "Washburn Law Journal 42, no. 3 (2003): 525-34.
27. P.A. Schulte and G. Lomax, "Genetic Testing of Railroad Track Workers with Carpal Tunnel, "in Human Genome Epidemiology: A Scientifc Foundation for Using Genetic Information to Improve Health and Prevent Disease, ed. M.J. Khoury, J. Little, and W. Burke (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 511-24.
28. Norman-Bloodsaw v. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 135 F.3d 1260 (9th Cir. 1998).
29. Equal Employment Opportunities Commission, "EEOC and BNSF Settle Genetic Discrimination Case Under Americans With Disabilities Act, "2002, at http://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/newsroom/release/5-8-02.cfm.
30. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990: Public Law 101-336.
31. See D. Hellman, "What Makes Genetic Discrimination Exceptional?" American Journal of Law & Medicine 29 (2003): 77-116
32. V. Launis, "Solidarity, Genetic Discrimination, and Insurance: A Defense of Weak Genetic Exceptionalism, "Social Theory and Practice 29, no. 1 (2003): 87-111
33. Kious, "Genetic Nondiscrimination and Health Care as an Entitlement"
34. M.A. Rothstein, "Genetic Secrets: A Policy Framework, "in Genetic Secrets: Protecting Privacy and Confdentiality in the Genetic Era, ed. M.A. Rothstein (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1997), 451-95
35. M.A. Rothstein, "Genetic Exceptionalism and Legislative Pragmatism, "Hastings Center Report 35, no. 4 (2005): 27-33.
36. Hellman, "What Makes Genetic Discrimination Exceptional?