메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 223, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 133-151

Femoral neck-shaft angle in humans: Variation relating to climate, clothing, lifestyle, sex, age and side

Author keywords

Bergmann's rule; Climate; Clothing; Femur; Leg dominance; Neck shaft angle

Indexed keywords

ALTITUDE; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; BODY BUILD; BODY MASS; CLIMATE; CLOTHING; COLD STRESS; ECONOMIC ASPECT; FEMALE; FEMUR HEAD; FEMUR NECK; HUMAN; LATE HOLOCENE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MICROCLIMATE; MOBILIZATION; MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM PARAMETERS; NECK SHAFT ANGLE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RURAL AREA; SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE; SUMMER; URBAN AREA; WINTER;

EID: 84880152181     PISSN: 00218782     EISSN: 14697580     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/joa.12073     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (79)

References (70)
  • 1
    • 0001614875 scopus 로고
    • The influence of physical conditions in the genesis of species
    • Allen JA (1877) The influence of physical conditions in the genesis of species. Rad Rev 1, 108-140.
    • (1877) Rad Rev , vol.1 , pp. 108-140
    • Allen, J.A.1
  • 2
    • 0031744656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of sexual, bilateral and interpopulational variation in human femoral neck-shaft angles
    • Anderson JY, Trinkaus E (1998) Patterns of sexual, bilateral and interpopulational variation in human femoral neck-shaft angles. J Anat 192, 279-285.
    • (1998) J Anat , vol.192 , pp. 279-285
    • Anderson, J.Y.1    Trinkaus, E.2
  • 3
    • 0033804463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is Bergmann's rule valid for mammals?
    • Ashton KJ, Tracy MC, de Queiroz A (2000) Is Bergmann's rule valid for mammals? Am Nat 156, 390-415.
    • (2000) Am Nat , vol.156 , pp. 390-415
    • Ashton, K.J.1    Tracy, M.C.2    de Queiroz, A.3
  • 4
    • 84869506961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skeletal variation among early Holocene North American humans: implications for origins and diversity in the Americas
    • Auerbach BM (2012) Skeletal variation among early Holocene North American humans: implications for origins and diversity in the Americas. Am J Phys Anthropol 149, 525-536.
    • (2012) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.149 , pp. 525-536
    • Auerbach, B.M.1
  • 5
    • 8844257254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human body mass estimation: a comparison of 'morphometric' and 'mechanical' methods
    • Auerbach BM, Ruff CB (2004) Human body mass estimation: a comparison of 'morphometric' and 'mechanical' methods. Am J Phys Anthropol 125, 331-342.
    • (2004) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.125 , pp. 331-342
    • Auerbach, B.M.1    Ruff, C.B.2
  • 6
    • 32044452186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limb bone bilateral asymmetry: variability and commonality among modern humans
    • Auerbach BM, Ruff CB (2006) Limb bone bilateral asymmetry: variability and commonality among modern humans. J Hum Evol 50, 203-218.
    • (2006) J Hum Evol , vol.50 , pp. 203-218
    • Auerbach, B.M.1    Ruff, C.B.2
  • 7
    • 0033968387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foot preference changes through adulthood
    • Bell J, Gabbard C (2000) Foot preference changes through adulthood. Laterality 5, 63-68.
    • (2000) Laterality , vol.5 , pp. 63-68
    • Bell, J.1    Gabbard, C.2
  • 9
    • 0001733725 scopus 로고
    • Uber die Verhältniesse der Wärmeokonomie der Thiere zu ihrer Grösse
    • Bergmann C (1847) Uber die Verhältniesse der Wärmeokonomie der Thiere zu ihrer Grösse. Göttinger Stud 1, 595-708.
    • (1847) Göttinger Stud , vol.1 , pp. 595-708
    • Bergmann, C.1
  • 10
    • 84867206561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A three-dimensional axis for the study of femoral neck orientation
    • Bonneau N, Libourel P-A, Simonis C, et al. (2012) A three-dimensional axis for the study of femoral neck orientation. J Anat 221, 465-476.
    • (2012) J Anat , vol.221 , pp. 465-476
    • Bonneau, N.1    Libourel, P.-A.2    Simonis, C.3
  • 12
    • 0003138922 scopus 로고
    • African Pygmies: an evaluation of the state of research
    • In: (ed. Cavalli-Sforza LL) - Orlando, FL: Academic Press
    • Cavalli-Sforza LL (1986) African Pygmies: an evaluation of the state of research. In: African Pygmies (ed. Cavalli-Sforza LL), pp. 361-426. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
    • (1986) African Pygmies , pp. 361-426
    • Cavalli-Sforza, L.L.1
  • 13
    • 0030999768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the strength of proximal femur in vitro: relationship to femoral bone mineral density and femoral geometry
    • Cheng XG, Lowett G, Boonen S, et al. (1997) Assessment of the strength of proximal femur in vitro: relationship to femoral bone mineral density and femoral geometry. Bone 20, 213-218.
    • (1997) Bone , vol.20 , pp. 213-218
    • Cheng, X.G.1    Lowett, G.2    Boonen, S.3
  • 14
    • 0019444289 scopus 로고
    • Climate and anthropometric variations in Europe and the Mediterranean area
    • Crognier E (1981) Climate and anthropometric variations in Europe and the Mediterranean area. Ann Hum Biol 8, 99-107.
    • (1981) Ann Hum Biol , vol.8 , pp. 99-107
    • Crognier, E.1
  • 16
    • 0000518953 scopus 로고
    • The femur of the Australian Aborigine
    • Davivongs V (1963) The femur of the Australian Aborigine. Am J Phys Anthropol 21, 457-467.
    • (1963) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.21 , pp. 457-467
    • Davivongs, V.1
  • 17
    • 54949119488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonspherical femoral head shape (pistol grip deformity), neck shaft angle, and risk of hip osteoarthritis
    • Doherty M, Courtney P, Doherty S, et al. (2008) Nonspherical femoral head shape (pistol grip deformity), neck shaft angle, and risk of hip osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 58, 3172-3182.
    • (2008) Arthritis Rheum , vol.58 , pp. 3172-3182
    • Doherty, M.1    Courtney, P.2    Doherty, S.3
  • 20
    • 76349097016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clothing and farming origins: the Indo-Pacific evidence
    • Gilligan I (2007) Clothing and farming origins: the Indo-Pacific evidence. Bull Indo Pac Pre Hi 27, 10-24.
    • (2007) Bull Indo Pac Pre Hi , vol.27 , pp. 10-24
    • Gilligan, I.1
  • 21
    • 48749102390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clothing and climate in Aboriginal Australia
    • Gilligan I (2008) Clothing and climate in Aboriginal Australia. Curr Anthropol 49, 487-495.
    • (2008) Curr Anthropol , vol.49 , pp. 487-495
    • Gilligan, I.1
  • 22
    • 76349106427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prehistoric development of clothing: archaeological implications of a thermal model
    • Gilligan I (2010a) The prehistoric development of clothing: archaeological implications of a thermal model. J Archaeol Method Theory 17, 15-80.
    • (2010) J Archaeol Method Theory , vol.17 , pp. 15-80
    • Gilligan, I.1
  • 23
    • 84880175075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Femoral neck-shaft angle and climate: preliminary report on a global study
    • (ed. Weiss KE) - Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science
    • Gilligan I (2010b) Femoral neck-shaft angle and climate: preliminary report on a global study. In: Trends in Physical Anthropology (ed. Weiss KE), pp. 123-152. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science.
    • (2010) Trends in Physical Anthropology , pp. 123-152
    • Gilligan, I.1
  • 24
    • 84880178897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatic variation in femoral neck-shaft angle among modern humans: continental and regional trends
    • (eds. Sarana G, Srivastava RP) - Jaipur: Rawat Publications
    • Gilligan I (2012) Climatic variation in femoral neck-shaft angle among modern humans: continental and regional trends. In: Studies in Social and Physical Anthropology: Essays in Memory of DK Sen (eds. Sarana G, Srivastava RP), pp. 17-79. Jaipur: Rawat Publications.
    • (2012) Studies in Social and Physical Anthropology: Essays in Memory of DK Sen , pp. 17-79
    • Gilligan, I.1
  • 25
    • 34547903278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environment and morphology in Australian Aborigines: a re-analysis of the Birdsell database
    • Gilligan I, Bulbeck D (2007) Environment and morphology in Australian Aborigines: a re-analysis of the Birdsell database. Am J Phys Anthropol 134, 75-91.
    • (2007) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.134 , pp. 75-91
    • Gilligan, I.1    Bulbeck, D.2
  • 26
    • 36749093309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone density and geometry in assessing hip fracture risk in post-menopausal women
    • Gnudi S, Sitta E, Fiumi N (2007) Bone density and geometry in assessing hip fracture risk in post-menopausal women. Br J Radiol 80, 893-897.
    • (2007) Br J Radiol , vol.80 , pp. 893-897
    • Gnudi, S.1    Sitta, E.2    Fiumi, N.3
  • 27
    • 0013966054 scopus 로고
    • Allometry and size in ontogeny and phylogeny
    • Gould SJ (1966) Allometry and size in ontogeny and phylogeny. Biol Rev 41, 587-640.
    • (1966) Biol Rev , vol.41 , pp. 587-640
    • Gould, S.J.1
  • 28
    • 0016426187 scopus 로고
    • Climate and the weight/height relationship in sub-Saharan Africa
    • Hiernaux J, Rudan P, Brambati A (1975) Climate and the weight/height relationship in sub-Saharan Africa. Ann Hum Biol 2, 3-12.
    • (1975) Ann Hum Biol , vol.2 , pp. 3-12
    • Hiernaux, J.1    Rudan, P.2    Brambati, A.3
  • 29
    • 0031147898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body proportions in late Pleistocene Europe and modern human origins
    • Holliday TW (1997) Body proportions in late Pleistocene Europe and modern human origins. J Hum Evol 32, 423-447.
    • (1997) J Hum Evol , vol.32 , pp. 423-447
    • Holliday, T.W.1
  • 30
    • 0036802910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body size and postcranial robusticity of European upper palaeolithic hominins
    • Holliday TW (2002) Body size and postcranial robusticity of European upper palaeolithic hominins. J Hum Evol 43, 513-528.
    • (2002) J Hum Evol , vol.43 , pp. 513-528
    • Holliday, T.W.1
  • 31
    • 0029500907 scopus 로고
    • Lower limb length of European early modern humans in relation to mobility and climate
    • Holliday TW, Falsetti AB (1995) Lower limb length of European early modern humans in relation to mobility and climate. J Hum Evol 29, 141-153.
    • (1995) J Hum Evol , vol.29 , pp. 141-153
    • Holliday, T.W.1    Falsetti, A.B.2
  • 32
    • 0025273903 scopus 로고
    • The adaptive significance of Polynesian body form
    • Houghton P (1990) The adaptive significance of Polynesian body form. Ann Hum Biol 17, 19-32.
    • (1990) Ann Hum Biol , vol.17 , pp. 19-32
    • Houghton, P.1
  • 33
    • 0014109186 scopus 로고
    • The shape of vertebral bodies and femoral necks in relation to activity
    • Houston CS, Zaleski WA (1967) The shape of vertebral bodies and femoral necks in relation to activity. Radiology 89, 59-66.
    • (1967) Radiology , vol.89 , pp. 59-66
    • Houston, C.S.1    Zaleski, W.A.2
  • 34
    • 0042510479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collo-diaphysial angle of the femur in East African subjects
    • Igbigbi PS (2003) Collo-diaphysial angle of the femur in East African subjects. Clin Anat 16, 416-419.
    • (2003) Clin Anat , vol.16 , pp. 416-419
    • Igbigbi, P.S.1
  • 36
    • 0031869761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatic influences on human body size and proportions: ecological adaptations and secular trends
    • Katzmarzyk PT, Leonard WR (1998) Climatic influences on human body size and proportions: ecological adaptations and secular trends. Am J Phys Anthropol 106, 483-503.
    • (1998) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.106 , pp. 483-503
    • Katzmarzyk, P.T.1    Leonard, W.R.2
  • 37
    • 0034092543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of stature from the skeletal reconstruction of an immature Neandertal from Dederiyeh Cave, Syria
    • Kondo O, Dodo Y, Akazawa T, et al. (2000) Estimation of stature from the skeletal reconstruction of an immature Neandertal from Dederiyeh Cave, Syria. J Hum Evol 38, 457-473.
    • (2000) J Hum Evol , vol.38 , pp. 457-473
    • Kondo, O.1    Dodo, Y.2    Akazawa, T.3
  • 38
    • 29244449632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic and extrinsic factors of turning preferences in humans
    • Lenoir M, van Overschelde S, de Rycke M, et al. (2006) Intrinsic and extrinsic factors of turning preferences in humans. Neurosci Lett 393, 179-183.
    • (2006) Neurosci Lett , vol.393 , pp. 179-183
    • Lenoir, M.1    van Overschelde, S.2    de Rycke, M.3
  • 40
    • 0001332733 scopus 로고
    • Geographical character gradients and climatic adaptation
    • Mayr E (1956) Geographical character gradients and climatic adaptation. Evolution 10, 105-108.
    • (1956) Evolution , vol.10 , pp. 105-108
    • Mayr, E.1
  • 41
    • 0037360332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the validity of Bergmann's rule
    • Meiri S, Dayan T (2003) On the validity of Bergmann's rule. J Biogeogr 30, 331-351.
    • (2003) J Biogeogr , vol.30 , pp. 331-351
    • Meiri, S.1    Dayan, T.2
  • 43
  • 44
    • 0018696959 scopus 로고
    • A simple biplanar method of measuring femoral anteversion and neck-shaft angle
    • Ogata K, Goldsand EM (1979) A simple biplanar method of measuring femoral anteversion and neck-shaft angle. J Bone Joint Surg 61, 846-851.
    • (1979) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.61 , pp. 846-851
    • Ogata, K.1    Goldsand, E.M.2
  • 45
    • 62349087812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The reliability of radiographic assessment of femoral neck-shaft and implant angulation in hip resurfacing arthroplasty
    • Olsen M, Davis ET, Gallie PAM, et al. (2009) The reliability of radiographic assessment of femoral neck-shaft and implant angulation in hip resurfacing arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 24, 333-340.
    • (2009) J Arthroplasty , vol.24 , pp. 333-340
    • Olsen, M.1    Davis, E.T.2    Gallie, P.A.M.3
  • 46
    • 70449103827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hunter-gatherer social complexity at Roonka Flat, South Australia
    • (eds. David B, Barker B, McNiven IJ) - Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press
    • Pate FD (2006) Hunter-gatherer social complexity at Roonka Flat, South Australia. In: The Social Archaeology of Australian Indigenous Societies (eds. David B, Barker B, McNiven IJ), pp. 226-241. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press.
    • (2006) The Social Archaeology of Australian Indigenous Societies , pp. 226-241
    • Pate, F.D.1
  • 47
    • 0032542897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What's wrong with Bonferroni adjustments
    • Perneger TV (1998) What's wrong with Bonferroni adjustments. Br Med J 316, 1236-1238.
    • (1998) Br Med J , vol.316 , pp. 1236-1238
    • Perneger, T.V.1
  • 48
    • 33646882648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of geometric factors and failure load level with the distribution of cervical vs. trochanteric hip fractures
    • Pulkkinen P, Eckstein F, Lochmüller E-M, et al. (2006) Association of geometric factors and failure load level with the distribution of cervical vs. trochanteric hip fractures. J Bone Miner Res 21, 895-901.
    • (2006) J Bone Miner Res , vol.21 , pp. 895-901
    • Pulkkinen, P.1    Eckstein, F.2    Lochmüller, E.-M.3
  • 49
    • 0032447825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Steadman Wind Chill: an improvement over present scales
    • Quayle RG, Steadman RG (1998) The Steadman Wind Chill: an improvement over present scales. Weather Forecast 13, 1187-1193.
    • (1998) Weather Forecast , vol.13 , pp. 1187-1193
    • Quayle, R.G.1    Steadman, R.G.2
  • 51
    • 33747881175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Luminescence dating at the archaeological and human burial site at Roonka, South Australia
    • Robertson GB, Prescott JR (2006) Luminescence dating at the archaeological and human burial site at Roonka, South Australia. Quat Sci Rev 25, 2586-2593.
    • (2006) Quat Sci Rev , vol.25 , pp. 2586-2593
    • Robertson, G.B.1    Prescott, J.R.2
  • 52
    • 84880177778 scopus 로고
    • Structural Changes in the Lower Limb with Aging at Pecos Pueblo. PhD thesis, University of Pennsylvania
    • Ruff CB (1981) Structural Changes in the Lower Limb with Aging at Pecos Pueblo. PhD thesis, University of Pennsylvania.
    • (1981)
    • Ruff, C.B.1
  • 53
    • 0026281782 scopus 로고
    • Climate and body shape in hominid evolution
    • Ruff CB (1991) Climate and body shape in hominid evolution. J Hum Evol 21, 81-105.
    • (1991) J Hum Evol , vol.21 , pp. 81-105
    • Ruff, C.B.1
  • 54
    • 0003373264 scopus 로고
    • Climatic adaptation and hominid evolution: the thermoregulatory imperative
    • Ruff CB (1993) Climatic adaptation and hominid evolution: the thermoregulatory imperative. Evol Anthropol 2, 53-60.
    • (1993) Evol Anthropol , vol.2 , pp. 53-60
    • Ruff, C.B.1
  • 55
    • 0028580229 scopus 로고
    • Morphological adaptation to climate in modern and fossil hominids
    • Ruff CB (1994) Morphological adaptation to climate in modern and fossil hominids. Yearb Phys Anthropol 37, 65-107.
    • (1994) Yearb Phys Anthropol , vol.37 , pp. 65-107
    • Ruff, C.B.1
  • 56
    • 0041599858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in human body size and shape
    • Ruff CB (2002) Variation in human body size and shape. Annu Rev Anthropol 31, 211-232.
    • (2002) Annu Rev Anthropol , vol.31 , pp. 211-232
    • Ruff, C.B.1
  • 57
    • 84875275755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Femoral neck structure and function in early hominins
    • Ruff CB, Higgins R (2013) Femoral neck structure and function in early hominins. Am J Phys Anthropol 150, 512-525.
    • (2013) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.150 , pp. 512-525
    • Ruff, C.B.1    Higgins, R.2
  • 58
    • 0016688560 scopus 로고
    • Morphological variations and climatic differences
    • Schreider E (1975) Morphological variations and climatic differences. J Hum Evol 4, 529-539.
    • (1975) J Hum Evol , vol.4 , pp. 529-539
    • Schreider, E.1
  • 60
    • 0021638475 scopus 로고
    • A universal scale of apparent temperature
    • Steadman RG (1984) A universal scale of apparent temperature. J Appl Meteorol 23, 1674-1687.
    • (1984) J Appl Meteorol , vol.23 , pp. 1674-1687
    • Steadman, R.G.1
  • 61
    • 3042781251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long bone robusticity and subsistence behaviour among Later Stone Age foragers of the forest and fynbos biomes of South Africa
    • Stock JT, Pfeiffer SK (2004) Long bone robusticity and subsistence behaviour among Later Stone Age foragers of the forest and fynbos biomes of South Africa. J Archaeol Sci 31, 999-1013.
    • (2004) J Archaeol Sci , vol.31 , pp. 999-1013
    • Stock, J.T.1    Pfeiffer, S.K.2
  • 63
    • 0000228354 scopus 로고
    • Neanderthal limb proportions and cold adaptation
    • (ed. Stringer CB) - London: Taylor & Francis
    • Trinkaus E (1981) Neanderthal limb proportions and cold adaptation. In: Aspects of Human Evolution (ed. Stringer CB), pp. 187-223. London: Taylor & Francis.
    • (1981) Aspects of Human Evolution , pp. 187-223
    • Trinkaus, E.1
  • 64
    • 0027886440 scopus 로고
    • Femoral neck-shaft angles of the Qafzeh-Skhul early modern humans, and activity levels among immature Near Eastern Middle Paleolithic hominids
    • Trinkaus E (1993) Femoral neck-shaft angles of the Qafzeh-Skhul early modern humans, and activity levels among immature Near Eastern Middle Paleolithic hominids. J Hum Evol 25, 393-416.
    • (1993) J Hum Evol , vol.25 , pp. 393-416
    • Trinkaus, E.1
  • 65
    • 0006037564 scopus 로고
    • Femoral neck-shaft angles: a reply to Arensburg
    • Trinkaus E (1994) Femoral neck-shaft angles: a reply to Arensburg. J Hum Evol 27, 451-455.
    • (1994) J Hum Evol , vol.27 , pp. 451-455
    • Trinkaus, E.1
  • 66
    • 1942452656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teeth, needles, dogs, and Siberia: bioarchaeological evidence for the colonization of the New World
    • (ed. Jablonski NG). San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences
    • Turner CG (2002) Teeth, needles, dogs, and Siberia: bioarchaeological evidence for the colonization of the New World. In: The First Americans: The Pleistocene Colonization of the New World (ed. Jablonski NG), pp. 123-158. San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences.
    • (2002) The First Americans: The Pleistocene Colonization of the New World , pp. 123-158
    • Turner, C.G.1
  • 67
    • 0014244446 scopus 로고
    • Anatomical factors relative to the racial selectivity of femoral neck fracture
    • Walensky NA, O'Brien MP (1968) Anatomical factors relative to the racial selectivity of femoral neck fracture. Am J Phys Anthropol 28, 93-96.
    • (1968) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.28 , pp. 93-96
    • Walensky, N.A.1    O'Brien, M.P.2
  • 68
    • 0038133429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The shape of the Neandertal femur is primarily the consequence of a hyperpolar body form
    • Weaver TD (2003) The shape of the Neandertal femur is primarily the consequence of a hyperpolar body form. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100, 6926-6929.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.100 , pp. 6926-6929
    • Weaver, T.D.1
  • 69
    • 27744563130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body proportions in ancient Andeans from high and low altitudes
    • Weinstein KJ (2005) Body proportions in ancient Andeans from high and low altitudes. Am J Phys Anthropol 128, 569-585.
    • (2005) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.128 , pp. 569-585
    • Weinstein, K.J.1
  • 70
    • 0019172586 scopus 로고
    • Melanesian prehistory: some recent advances
    • White JP, Allen J (1980) Melanesian prehistory: some recent advances. Science 207, 728-734.
    • (1980) Science , vol.207 , pp. 728-734
    • White, J.P.1    Allen, J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.