메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 50, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 1399-1420

Educational Differences in Completed Fertility: A Behavioral Genetic Study of Finnish Male and Female Twins

Author keywords

Behavioral genetics; Childlessness; Completed fertility; Educational differences; Male fertility

Indexed keywords


EID: 84880111126     PISSN: 00703370     EISSN: 15337790     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13524-012-0186-9     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (43)

References (94)
  • 3
    • 0001133512 scopus 로고
    • On the interaction between the quantity and quality of children
    • Becker, G. S., & Lewis, G. H. (1973). On the interaction between the quantity and quality of children. Journal of Political Economy, 81, 279-288.
    • (1973) Journal of Political Economy , vol.81 , pp. 279-288
    • Becker, G.S.1    Lewis, G.H.2
  • 5
    • 84934454308 scopus 로고
    • Human capital investments or norms of role transition? How woman's schooling and career affect the process of family formation
    • Blossfeld, H.-P., & Huinink, J. (1991). Human capital investments or norms of role transition? How woman's schooling and career affect the process of family formation. American Journal of Sociology, 97, 143-168.
    • (1991) American Journal of Sociology , vol.97 , pp. 143-168
    • Blossfeld, H.-P.1    Huinink, J.2
  • 7
    • 60449102331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth order matters: The effect of family size and birth order on educational attainment
    • Booth, A. L., & Kee, H. J. (2009). Birth order matters: The effect of family size and birth order on educational attainment. Journal of Population Economics, 22, 367-397.
    • (2009) Journal of Population Economics , vol.22 , pp. 367-397
    • Booth, A.L.1    Kee, H.J.2
  • 9
    • 0028901636 scopus 로고
    • The antecedents of teen fatherhood: A retrospective case-control study of Great Britain youth
    • Dearden, K. A., Hale, C. B., & Woolley, T. (1995). The antecedents of teen fatherhood: A retrospective case-control study of Great Britain youth. American Journal of Public Health, 85, 551-554.
    • (1995) American Journal of Public Health , vol.85 , pp. 551-554
    • Dearden, K.A.1    Hale, C.B.2    Woolley, T.3
  • 10
    • 35348993908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of sex and childlessness on the association between status and reproductive output in modern society
    • Fieder, M., & Huber, S. (2007). The effects of sex and childlessness on the association between status and reproductive output in modern society. Evolution and Human Behavior, 28, 392-398.
    • (2007) Evolution and Human Behavior , vol.28 , pp. 392-398
    • Fieder, M.1    Huber, S.2
  • 11
    • 0039562115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporating health into models of marriage choice: Demographic and sociological perspectives
    • Fu, H., & Goldman, N. (1996). Incorporating health into models of marriage choice: Demographic and sociological perspectives. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, 740-758.
    • (1996) Journal of Marriage and the Family , vol.58 , pp. 740-758
    • Fu, H.1    Goldman, N.2
  • 13
    • 68149102975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social and biological determinants of reproductive success in Swedish males and females born 1915-1929
    • Goodman, A., & Koupil, I. (2009). Social and biological determinants of reproductive success in Swedish males and females born 1915-1929. Evolution and Human Behavior, 30, 329-341.
    • (2009) Evolution and Human Behavior , vol.30 , pp. 329-341
    • Goodman, A.1    Koupil, I.2
  • 14
    • 0035535226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal age at motherhood. Theoretical and empirical considerations on postponement of maternity in Europe
    • Gustafsson, S. (2001). Optimal age at motherhood. Theoretical and empirical considerations on postponement of maternity in Europe. Journal of Population Economics, 14, 224-247.
    • (2001) Journal of Population Economics , vol.14 , pp. 224-247
    • Gustafsson, S.1
  • 15
    • 34548527153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathways to childlessness: A life course perspective
    • Hagestad, G. O., & Call, V. R. (2007). Pathways to childlessness: A life course perspective. Journal of Family Issues, 28, 1338-1361.
    • (2007) Journal of Family Issues , vol.28 , pp. 1338-1361
    • Hagestad, G.O.1    Call, V.R.2
  • 18
    • 0022843719 scopus 로고
    • The impact of education on modern family-union initiation
    • Hoem, J. M. (1986). The impact of education on modern family-union initiation. European Journal of Population, 2, 113-133.
    • (1986) European Journal of Population , vol.2 , pp. 113-133
    • Hoem, J.M.1
  • 19
    • 33646701708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between educational field, educational level, and childlessness among Swedish women born in 1955-59
    • doi:10.4054/DemRes.2006.14.15
    • Hoem, J. M., Neyer, G., & Andersson, G. (2006a). The relationship between educational field, educational level, and childlessness among Swedish women born in 1955-59. Demographic Research, 14(article 15), 331-380. doi: 10. 4054/DemRes. 2006. 14. 15.
    • (2006) Demographic Research , vol.14 , Issue.article 15 , pp. 331-380
    • Hoem, J.M.1    Neyer, G.2    Andersson, G.3
  • 20
    • 33646676560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Educational attainment and ultimate fertility among Swedish women born in 1955-59
    • doi:10.4054/DemRes.2006.14.16
    • Hoem, J. M., Neyer, G., & Andersson, G. (2006b). Educational attainment and ultimate fertility among Swedish women born in 1955-59. Demographic Research, 14(article 16), 381-404. doi: 10. 4054/DemRes. 2006. 14. 16.
    • (2006) Demographic Research , vol.14 , Issue.article 16 , pp. 381-404
    • Hoem, J.M.1    Neyer, G.2    Andersson, G.3
  • 21
    • 0345822020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of early childbearing on schooling over time
    • Hofferth, S. I., Reid, L., & Mott, F. L. (2001). The effects of early childbearing on schooling over time. Family Planning Perspectives, 33, 259-267.
    • (2001) Family Planning Perspectives , vol.33 , pp. 259-267
    • Hofferth, S.I.1    Reid, L.2    Mott, F.L.3
  • 22
    • 0027546702 scopus 로고
    • Reevaluating the costs of teenage childbearing
    • Hoffman, S. D., Foster, E. M., & Furstenberg, F. F. (1993). Reevaluating the costs of teenage childbearing. Demography, 30, 1-13.
    • (1993) Demography , vol.30 , pp. 1-13
    • Hoffman, S.D.1    Foster, E.M.2    Furstenberg, F.F.3
  • 23
    • 32644488541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex, status, and reproductive success in the contemporary United States
    • Hopcroft, R. L. (2006). Sex, status, and reproductive success in the contemporary United States. Evolution and Human Behavior, 27, 104-120.
    • (2006) Evolution and Human Behavior , vol.27 , pp. 104-120
    • Hopcroft, R.L.1
  • 24
    • 0036807961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic and environmental factors in complex diseases. The older Finnish twin cohort
    • Kaprio, J., & Koskenvuo, M. (2002). Genetic and environmental factors in complex diseases. The older Finnish twin cohort. Twin Research, 5, 358-365.
    • (2002) Twin Research , vol.5 , pp. 358-365
    • Kaprio, J.1    Koskenvuo, M.2
  • 25
    • 0003690403 scopus 로고
    • Materials, methods, representativeness, and results for variables special to twin studies (Publications in Public Health M47). Helsinki, Finland: National Public Health Institutes in Helsinki, Kuopio, Oulu, Tampere and Turku
    • Kaprio, J., Koskenvuo, M., Artimo, M., Sarna, S., & Rantasalo, I. (1979). Baseline characteristics of the Finnish Twin Registry. Materials, methods, representativeness, and results for variables special to twin studies (Publications in Public Health M47). Helsinki, Finland: National Public Health Institutes in Helsinki, Kuopio, Oulu, Tampere and Turku.
    • (1979) Baseline characteristics of the Finnish Twin Registry
    • Kaprio, J.1    Koskenvuo, M.2    Artimo, M.3    Sarna, S.4    Rantasalo, I.5
  • 26
    • 84880091989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lasten muualla asuvat vanhemmat
    • Väestö 2007. Helsinki, Finland: Tilastokeskus & Stakes
    • Kartiovaara, L., & Säkkinen, S. (2007). Lasten muualla asuvat vanhemmat [The absent parents of children]. In Suomalainen Lapsi [The Finnish child] (pp. 109-127). Väestö 2007. Helsinki, Finland: Tilastokeskus & Stakes.
    • (2007) In Suomalainen Lapsi [The Finnish child] , pp. 109-127
    • Kartiovaara, L.1    Säkkinen, S.2
  • 27
    • 53149094360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathways into childlessness: Evidence of gendered life course dynamics
    • Keizer, R., Dykstra, P. A., & Jansen, M. D. (2008). Pathways into childlessness: Evidence of gendered life course dynamics. Journal of Biosocial Science, 40, 863-878.
    • (2008) Journal of Biosocial Science , vol.40 , pp. 863-878
    • Keizer, R.1    Dykstra, P.A.2    Jansen, M.D.3
  • 29
    • 0020925962 scopus 로고
    • The age at which childbearing starts-A longitudinal study
    • Kiernan, K. E., & Diamond, I. (1983). The age at which childbearing starts-A longitudinal study. Population Studies, 37, 363-380.
    • (1983) Population Studies , vol.37 , pp. 363-380
    • Kiernan, K.E.1    Diamond, I.2
  • 32
    • 33645214128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Education, fertility, and heritability: Explaining a paradox
    • K. W. Wachter and R. A. Bulatao (Eds.), Washington, DC: The National Academies Press
    • Kohler, H.-P., & Rodgers, J. L. (2003). Education, fertility, and heritability: Explaining a paradox. In K. W. Wachter & R. A. Bulatao (Eds.), Offspring: Human fertility behavior in biodemographic perspective (pp. 46-90). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
    • (2003) Offspring: Human Fertility Behavior in Biodemographic Perspective , pp. 46-90
    • Kohler, H.-P.1    Rodgers, J.L.2
  • 35
    • 0018621881 scopus 로고
    • Cause-specific mortality by marital status and social class in Finland during 1969-1971
    • Koskenvuo, M., Sarna, S., Kaprio, J., & Lönnqvist, J. (1979). Cause-specific mortality by marital status and social class in Finland during 1969-1971. Social Science & Medicine, 13, 691-697.
    • (1979) Social Science & Medicine , vol.13 , pp. 691-697
    • Koskenvuo, M.1    Sarna, S.2    Kaprio, J.3    Lönnqvist, J.4
  • 36
    • 77951081655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The high fertility of college educated women in Norway. An artifact of the separate modelling of each parity transition
    • doi:10.4054/DemRes.2001.5.6
    • Kravdal, Ø. (2001). The high fertility of college educated women in Norway. An artifact of the separate modelling of each parity transition. Demographic Research, 5(article 6), 187-216. doi: 10. 4054/DemRes. 2001. 5. 6.
    • (2001) Demographic Research , vol.5 , Issue.article 6 , pp. 187-216
    • Kravdal, Ø.1
  • 37
    • 36349024749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of current education on second- and third birth rates among Norwegian women and men born in 1964: Substantive interpretations and methodological issues
    • doi:10.4054/DemRes.2007.17.9, article 9
    • Kravdal, Ø. (2007). Effects of current education on second- and third birth rates among Norwegian women and men born in 1964: Substantive interpretations and methodological issues. Demographic Research, 17(article 9), 211-246. doi: 10. 4054/DemRes. 2007. 17. 9.
    • (2007) Demographic Research , vol.17 , pp. 211-246
    • Kravdal, Ø.1
  • 38
    • 65349125305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing relationships between education and fertility: A study of women and men born 1940-1964
    • Kravdal, Ø. & Rindfuss, R. R. (2008). Changing relationships between education and fertility: A study of women and men born 1940-1964. American Sociological Review, 73, 854-873.
    • (2008) American Sociological Review , vol.73 , pp. 854-873
    • Kravdal, Ø.1    Rindfuss, R.R.2
  • 39
    • 21844442370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The multifaceted impact of education on entry into motherhood
    • Lappegård, T., & Rønsen, M. (2005). The multifaceted impact of education on entry into motherhood. European Journal of Population, 21, 31-49.
    • (2005) European Journal of Population , vol.21 , pp. 31-49
    • Lappegård, T.1    Rønsen, M.2
  • 40
    • 84926274655 scopus 로고
    • A century of demographic and cultural change in Western Europe: An exploration of underlying dimensions
    • Lestaeghe, R. (1983). A century of demographic and cultural change in Western Europe: An exploration of underlying dimensions. Population and Development Review, 9, 411-435.
    • (1983) Population and Development Review , vol.9 , pp. 411-435
    • Lestaeghe, R.1
  • 41
    • 0032865534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who, what, where, and when? Specifying the impact of educational attainment and labour force participation on family formation
    • Liefbroer, A. C., & Corijn, M. (1999). Who, what, where, and when? Specifying the impact of educational attainment and labour force participation on family formation. European Journal of Population, 15, 45-75.
    • (1999) European Journal of Population , vol.15 , pp. 45-75
    • Liefbroer, A.C.1    Corijn, M.2
  • 42
    • 33745912220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of the type of education and of educational enrolment on first births
    • Martín-García, T., & Baizán, P. (2006). The impact of the type of education and of educational enrolment on first births. European Sociological Review, 22, 259-275.
    • (2006) European Sociological Review , vol.22 , pp. 259-275
    • Martín-García, T.1    Baizán, P.2
  • 43
    • 0000464781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early childbearing, high school completion, and college enrollment: Evidence from 1980 high school sophomores
    • McElroy, S. W. (1996). Early childbearing, high school completion, and college enrollment: Evidence from 1980 high school sophomores. Economics of Education Review, 15, 303-324.
    • (1996) Economics of Education Review , vol.15 , pp. 303-324
    • McElroy, S.W.1
  • 44
    • 38249003346 scopus 로고
    • Heritable and environmental variables affect reproduction-related behaviors but not ultimate reproductive success
    • Mealey, L., & Segal, N. L. (1993). Heritable and environmental variables affect reproduction-related behaviors but not ultimate reproductive success. Personality and Individual Differences, 14, 783-794.
    • (1993) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.14 , pp. 783-794
    • Mealey, L.1    Segal, N.L.2
  • 45
    • 0026863314 scopus 로고
    • Traits and developmental experiences as antecedents of childbearing motivation
    • Miller, W. B. (1992). Traits and developmental experiences as antecedents of childbearing motivation. Demography, 29, 265-285.
    • (1992) Demography , vol.29 , pp. 265-285
    • Miller, W.B.1
  • 46
    • 0028438984 scopus 로고
    • Childbearing motivations, desires, and intentions: A theoretical framework
    • Miller, W. B. (1994). Childbearing motivations, desires, and intentions: A theoretical framework. Genetic, Social and general Psychology Monologues, 120, 223-253.
    • (1994) Genetic, Social and General Psychology Monologues , vol.120 , pp. 223-253
    • Miller, W.B.1
  • 47
    • 77952933735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodemographic modeling of the links between fertility motivation and fertility outcomes in the NLSY79
    • Miller, W. B., Bard, D. E., & Pasta, D. J. (2010). Biodemographic modeling of the links between fertility motivation and fertility outcomes in the NLSY79. Demography, 47, 393-414.
    • (2010) Demography , vol.47 , pp. 393-414
    • Miller, W.B.1    Bard, D.E.2    Pasta, D.J.3
  • 49
    • 0033073143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reexamining the link of early childbearing to marriage and to subsequent fertility
    • Morgan, S. P., & Rindfuss, R. R. (1999). Reexamining the link of early childbearing to marriage and to subsequent fertility. Demography, 36, 59-75.
    • (1999) Demography , vol.36 , pp. 59-75
    • Morgan, S.P.1    Rindfuss, R.R.2
  • 50
    • 0036868733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The intergenerational transmission of fertility in contemporary Denmark: The effects of number of children (full and half), birth order, and whether male or female
    • Murphy, M., & Knudsen, L. B. (2002). The intergenerational transmission of fertility in contemporary Denmark: The effects of number of children (full and half), birth order, and whether male or female. Population Studies, 56, 235-248.
    • (2002) Population Studies , vol.56 , pp. 235-248
    • Murphy, M.1    Knudsen, L.B.2
  • 51
    • 84864617822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Richmond, VA: Department of Psychiatry
    • Neale, M. C. (2003). Mx: Statistical modeling. Richmond, VA: Department of Psychiatry.
    • (2003) Mx: Statistical Modeling
    • Neale, M.C.1
  • 54
    • 0036130779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does education mediate the relationship between IQ and age of first birth? A behavioural genetic analysis
    • Neiss, M., Rowe, D. C., & Rodgers, J. L. (2002). Does education mediate the relationship between IQ and age of first birth? A behavioural genetic analysis. Journal of Biosocial Science, 34, 259-275.
    • (2002) Journal of Biosocial Science , vol.34 , pp. 259-275
    • Neiss, M.1    Rowe, D.C.2    Rodgers, J.L.3
  • 55
    • 54349087353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural selection on male wealth in humans
    • Nettle, D., & Pollet, T. V. (2008). Natural selection on male wealth in humans. The American Naturalist, 172, 658-666.
    • (2008) The American Naturalist , vol.172 , pp. 658-666
    • Nettle, D.1    Pollet, T.V.2
  • 58
    • 0002475622 scopus 로고
    • American marriage formation in the 1980s: How important was women's economic independence?
    • K. O. Mason and A. M. Jensen (Eds.), Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press
    • Oppenheimer, V. K., & Lew, V. (1995). American marriage formation in the 1980s: How important was women's economic independence? In K. O. Mason & A. M. Jensen (Eds.), Gender and family change in industrialized countries (pp. 105-138). Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
    • (1995) Gender and Family Change in Industrialized Countries , pp. 105-138
    • Oppenheimer, V.K.1    Lew, V.2
  • 59
    • 14644430447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family background, schooling and childlessness in Australia
    • Parr, N. J. (2005). Family background, schooling and childlessness in Australia. Journal of Biosocial Science, 37, 229-243.
    • (2005) Journal of Biosocial Science , vol.37 , pp. 229-243
    • Parr, N.J.1
  • 62
    • 0027728390 scopus 로고
    • Cultural and economic approaches to fertility: Proper marriage or mésalliance?
    • Pollak, R. A., & Watkins, S. C. (1993). Cultural and economic approaches to fertility: Proper marriage or mésalliance? Population and Development Review, 19, 467-496.
    • (1993) Population and Development Review , vol.19 , pp. 467-496
    • Pollak, R.A.1    Watkins, S.C.2
  • 63
    • 38249023037 scopus 로고
    • How intelligence affects fertility
    • Retherford, R. D., & Sewell, W. H. (1989). How intelligence affects fertility. Intelligence, 13, 169-185.
    • (1989) Intelligence , vol.13 , pp. 169-185
    • Retherford, R.D.1    Sewell, W.H.2
  • 64
    • 59649112394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of the family of origin on the timing and quantum of fertility in the Netherlands
    • Rijken, A. J., & Liefbroer, A. C. (2009). Influences of the family of origin on the timing and quantum of fertility in the Netherlands. Population Studies, 63, 79-81.
    • (2009) Population Studies , vol.63 , pp. 79-81
    • Rijken, A.J.1    Liefbroer, A.C.2
  • 65
    • 0017001435 scopus 로고
    • How old is too old? Age and the sociology of fertility
    • Rindfuss, R. R., & Bumpass, L. L. (1976). How old is too old? Age and the sociology of fertility. Family Planning Perspectives, 8, 226-230.
    • (1976) Family Planning Perspectives , vol.8 , pp. 226-230
    • Rindfuss, R.R.1    Bumpass, L.L.2
  • 66
    • 0019025393 scopus 로고
    • Education and fertility: Implications for the roles women occupy
    • Rindfuss, R. R., Bumpass, L. L., & St. John, C. (1980). Education and fertility: Implications for the roles women occupy. American Sociological Review, 45, 431-447.
    • (1980) American Sociological Review , vol.45 , pp. 431-447
    • Rindfuss, R.R.1    Bumpass, L.L.2    St. John, C.3
  • 68
    • 0030203417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Education and the Changing Age Pattern of American Fertility: 1963-89
    • Rindfuss, R. R., Morgan, S. P., & Offutt, K. (1996). Education and the Changing Age Pattern of American Fertility: 1963-89. Demography, 33, 277-290.
    • (1996) Demography , vol.33 , pp. 277-290
    • Rindfuss, R.R.1    Morgan, S.P.2    Offutt, K.3
  • 69
    • 33947201606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate Cholesky models of human female fertility patterns in the NLSY
    • Rodgers, J. L., Bard, D. E., & Miller, W. B. (2007). Multivariate Cholesky models of human female fertility patterns in the NLSY. Behavioral Genetics, 37, 345-361.
    • (2007) Behavioral Genetics , vol.37 , pp. 345-361
    • Rodgers, J.L.1    Bard, D.E.2    Miller, W.B.3
  • 71
    • 0035259022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavior genetic models of human fertility: Findings from a contemporary Danish twin study
    • Rodgers, J. L., Kohler, H.-P., Kyvik, O., Kirsten, K., & Christensen, K. (2001). Behavior genetic models of human fertility: Findings from a contemporary Danish twin study. Demography, 38, 29-42.
    • (2001) Demography , vol.38 , pp. 29-42
    • Rodgers, J.L.1    Kohler, H.-P.2    Kyvik, O.3    Kirsten, K.4    Christensen, K.5
  • 72
    • 58749104528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Education and cognitive ability as direct, mediating, or spurious influences on female age at first birth: Behavior genetic models fit to Danish twin data
    • Rodgers, J. L., Kohler, H.-P., McGue, M., Behrman, J. R., Petersen, I., Bingley, P., & Christensen, K. (2008). Education and cognitive ability as direct, mediating, or spurious influences on female age at first birth: Behavior genetic models fit to Danish twin data. American Journal of Sociology, 114(Suppl. 1), 202-232.
    • (2008) American Journal of Sociology , vol.114 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 202-232
    • Rodgers, J.L.1    Kohler, H.-P.2    McGue, M.3    Behrman, J.R.4    Petersen, I.5    Bingley, P.6    Christensen, K.7
  • 73
    • 2942754443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fertility and public policies-Evidence from Norway and Finland
    • doi:10.4054/DemRes.2004.10.6
    • Rønsen, M. (2004). Fertility and public policies-Evidence from Norway and Finland. Demographic Research, 10(article 6), 143-170. doi: 10. 4054/DemRes. 2004. 10. 6.
    • (2004) Demographic Research , vol.10 , Issue.article 6 , pp. 143-170
    • Rønsen, M.1
  • 74
    • 77952027356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can public policies sustain fertility in the Nordic countries? Lessons from the past and questions for the future
    • doi:10.4054/DemRes.2010.22.13
    • Rønsen, M., & Skrede, K. (2010). Can public policies sustain fertility in the Nordic countries? Lessons from the past and questions for the future. Demographic Research, 22(article 13), 321-346. doi: 10. 4054/DemRes. 2010. 22. 13.
    • (2010) Demographic Research , vol.22 , Issue.article 13 , pp. 321-346
    • Rønsen, M.1    Skrede, K.2
  • 75
    • 84880108618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hedelmällisyys [Fertility]
    • In S. Koskinen, T. Martelin, I. L. Notkola, V. Notkola, K. Pitkänen, M. Jalovaara, I. Söderling (Eds.), Helsinki, Finland: Gaudeamus Helsinki University Press
    • Ruokolainen, A., & Notkola, I. L. (2007). Hedelmällisyys [Fertility]. In S. Koskinen, T. Martelin, I. L. Notkola, V. Notkola, K. Pitkänen, M. Jalovaara, I. Söderling (Eds.), Suomen Väestö [The population of Finland] (pp. 77-114). Helsinki, Finland: Gaudeamus Helsinki University Press.
    • (2007) Suomen Väestö [The population of Finland] , pp. 77-114
    • Ruokolainen, A.1    Notkola, I.L.2
  • 76
    • 0017826084 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of twin zygosity by mailed questionnaire
    • Sarna, S., Kaprio, J., Sistonen, P., & Koskenvuo, M. (1978). Diagnosis of twin zygosity by mailed questionnaire. Human Heredity, 28, 241-254.
    • (1978) Human Heredity , vol.28 , pp. 241-254
    • Sarna, S.1    Kaprio, J.2    Sistonen, P.3    Koskenvuo, M.4
  • 77
    • 33646574974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in educational assortative marriage from 1940 to 2003
    • Schwartz, C. R., & Mare, R. D. (2005). Trends in educational assortative marriage from 1940 to 2003. Demography, 42, 621-646.
    • (2005) Demography , vol.42 , pp. 621-646
    • Schwartz, C.R.1    Mare, R.D.2
  • 78
    • 4344561727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family, gender, and educational attainment in Britain: A longitudinal study
    • Scott, J. (2004). Family, gender, and educational attainment in Britain: A longitudinal study. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 35, 565-589.
    • (2004) Journal of Comparative Family Studies , vol.35 , pp. 565-589
    • Scott, J.1
  • 79
    • 32144455367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Young fatherhood and subsequent disadvantage in the United Kingdom
    • Sigle-Rushton, W. (2005). Young fatherhood and subsequent disadvantage in the United Kingdom. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67, 735-753.
    • (2005) Journal of Marriage and Family , vol.67 , pp. 735-753
    • Sigle-Rushton, W.1
  • 80
    • 4444297380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heritability of body height and educational attainment in an international context: Comparison of adult twins in Minnesota and Finland
    • Silventoinen, K., Krueger, R. F., Bouchard, T. J., Jr., Kaprio, J., & McGue, M. (2004). Heritability of body height and educational attainment in an international context: Comparison of adult twins in Minnesota and Finland. American Journal of Human Biology, 16, 544-555.
    • (2004) American Journal of Human Biology , vol.16 , pp. 544-555
    • Silventoinen, K.1    Krueger, R.F.2    Bouchard Jr., T.J.3    Kaprio, J.4    McGue, M.5
  • 81
    • 42449163442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fertility trends by social status
    • doi:10.4054/DemRes.2008.18.5
    • Skirbekk, V. (2008). Fertility trends by social status. Demographic Research, 18(article 5), 145-179. doi: 10. 4054/DemRes. 2008. 18. 5.
    • (2008) Demographic Research , vol.18 , Issue.article 5 , pp. 145-179
    • Skirbekk, V.1
  • 82
    • 84880102057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The marginal effect of school leaving age on demographic events. A contribution to the discussion on causality
    • S. Gustafsson and A. Kalwij (Eds.), Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic
    • Skirbekk, V., Kohler, H.-P., & Prskawetz, A. (2006). The marginal effect of school leaving age on demographic events. A contribution to the discussion on causality. In S. Gustafsson & A. Kalwij (Eds.), Education and postponement of maternity. Economic analyses for industrialized countries (pp. 65-85). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.
    • (2006) Education and Postponement of Maternity. Economic Analyses for Industrialized Countries , pp. 65-85
    • Skirbekk, V.1    Kohler, H.-P.2    Prskawetz, A.3
  • 83
    • 31644450063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • StataCorp, College Station, TX: StataCorp LP
    • StataCorp. (2007). Stata statistical software: Release 10. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP.
    • (2007) Stata Statistical Software: Release 10
  • 84
    • 67651215073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics Finland, Official statistics of Finland OSF. Helsinki: Statistics Finland
    • Statistics Finland. (2007). Population structure and vital statistics by municipality 2006. Official statistics of Finland OSF. Helsinki: Statistics Finland.
    • (2007) Population structure and vital statistics by municipality 2006
  • 87
    • 33947237757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marriage and genetic variation across the lifespan: Not a steady relationship?
    • Trumbetta, S. L., Markowitz, E. M., & Gottesman, I. I. (2007). Marriage and genetic variation across the lifespan: Not a steady relationship? Behavioral Genetics, 37, 362-375.
    • (2007) Behavioral Genetics , vol.37 , pp. 362-375
    • Trumbetta, S.L.1    Markowitz, E.M.2    Gottesman, I.I.3
  • 88
    • 0001460011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biosocial models of low-fertility societies
    • Udry, R. J. (1996). Biosocial models of low-fertility societies. Population and Development Review, 22(Suppl.), 325-336.
    • (1996) Population and Development Review , vol.22 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 325-336
    • Udry, R.J.1
  • 89
    • 0036581608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonmarital childbearing: Influences of education, marriage and fertility
    • Upchurch, D. M., Lillard, L. A., & Panis, C. W. (2002). Nonmarital childbearing: Influences of education, marriage and fertility. Demography, 39, 311-329.
    • (2002) Demography , vol.39 , pp. 311-329
    • Upchurch, D.M.1    Lillard, L.A.2    Panis, C.W.3
  • 90
    • 0030440756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anchored narratives: The story and findings of half a century of research into the determinants of fertility
    • van de Kaa, D. J. (1996). Anchored narratives: The story and findings of half a century of research into the determinants of fertility. Population Studies, 50, 389-432.
    • (1996) Population Studies , vol.50 , pp. 389-432
    • van de Kaa, D.J.1
  • 91
    • 4344671033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic Research, Special Collection 3(article 8), doi: 10. 4054/DemRes. 2004. S3. 8
    • Vikat, A. (2004). Women's labor force attachment and childbearing in Finland. Demographic Research, Special Collection 3(article 8), 177-212. doi: 10. 4054/DemRes. 2004. S3. 8.
    • (2004) Women's labor force attachment and childbearing in Finland , pp. 177-212
    • Vikat, A.1
  • 92
    • 33846333906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do higher-status people really have fewer children? Education, income, and fertility in the contemporary U.S
    • Weeden, J., Abrams, M. J., Green, M. C., & Sabini, J. (2006). Do higher-status people really have fewer children? Education, income, and fertility in the contemporary U. S. Human Nature, 17, 377-392.
    • (2006) Human Nature , vol.17 , pp. 377-392
    • Weeden, J.1    Abrams, M.J.2    Green, M.C.3    Sabini, J.4
  • 93
    • 0033918632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A note on robust variance estimation for cluster-correlated data
    • Williams, R. (2000). A note on robust variance estimation for cluster-correlated data. Biometrics, 56, 645-646.
    • (2000) Biometrics , vol.56 , pp. 645-646
    • Williams, R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.