Challenges i. The diagnostic work-up and management of patients with subclinical cushing's syndrome and bilateral adrenal masses

Endocrine Practice

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 515-521

  Maghrabi, Adam H ^a   Yaqub, Abid ^a   Denning, Krista L ^a   Benhamed, Nesreen ^a   Faiz, Saba ^a   Saleem, Tipu ^a  

^a MARSHALL UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; ATENOLOL; CORTICOTROPIN; DEXAMETHASONE; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE PLUS TELMISARTAN; HYDROCORTISONE;

ABDOMINAL RADIOGRAPHY; ADRENAL CORTEX ADENOMA; ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA; ADRENAL VEIN SAMPLING; ADRENALECTOMY; ADRENALIN BLOOD LEVEL; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE INDEPENDENT MACRONODULAR ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA; ADULT; BEDTIME DOSAGE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; BLOOD SAMPLING; CASE REPORT; CHRONIC DIARRHEA; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; CUSHING SYNDROME; DEXAMETHASONE SUPPRESSION TEST; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HORMONE DETERMINATION; HUMAN; HYDROCORTISONE BLOOD LEVEL; HYDROCORTISONE RELEASE; HYPERTENSION; INCIDENTAL FINDING; MICROSCOPY; MORNING DOSAGE; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; POSTOPERATIVE CARE; RECURRENT DISEASE; REVIEW; ROBOTICS; TREATMENT RESPONSE; VENOUS BLOOD; WEIGHT GAIN; WEIGHT REDUCTION; ADRENAL DISEASE; ADRENAL GLAND; METABOLISM; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOLOGY; ADRENAL GLAND DISEASES; COMPLICATION;

ADRENAL GLAND DISEASES; ADRENAL GLANDS; CUSHING SYNDROME; FEMALE; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED;

EID: 84880092570     PISSN: 1530891X     EISSN: 19342403     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4158/EP12277.RA     Document Type: Review

References (24)

1. Boland GW, Blake MA, Hahn PF, Mayo-Smith WW. Incidental adrenal lesions: principles, techniques, and algorithms for imaging characterization. Radiology. 2008;249: 756-775.
2. Young WF Jr, du Plessis H, Thompson GB, et al. The clinical conundrum of corticotropin-independent autonomous cortisol secretion in patients with bilateral adrenal masses. World J Surg. 2008;32:856-862.
3. Sasao T, Itoh N, Sato Y, Takahashi A, Tsukamoto T. Subclinical Cushing Syndrome due to adrenocorticotropic hormone-independent macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia: changes in plasma cortisol levels during long-term follow-up. Urology. 2000;55:145.
4. Kahn SL, Angle JF. Adrenal vein sampling. Tech Vasc Interventional Rad. 2010;13:110-125.
5. Lee S, Ha MS, Eom YS, Park IeB. Role of unilateral aderenalectomy in ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia. World J Surg. 2009;33:157-158.
6. Emral R, Uysal AR, Asik M, et al. Prevalence of Subclinical Cushing's syndrome in 70 patients with adrenal incidentaloma: clinical, biochemical and surgical outcomes. Endocr J. 2003;50:399-408.
7. Mazzuco TL, Bourdeau I, Lacroix A. Adrenal incidentalomas and subclinical Cushing's syndrome: diagnosis and treatment. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2009;16: 203-210.
8. Bovio S, Cataldi A, Berruti A, et al. Prevalence of adrenal incidentaloma in a contemporary computerized tomography series. J Endocrinol Invest. 2006;29:298-302.
9. Mayo-Smith WW, Boland GW, Noto RB, Lee MJ. State-of-the-art adrenal imaging. Radiographics. 2001;21: 995-1012.
10. Nieman LK. Approach t. The patient with an adrenal incidentaloma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:4106-4113.
11. Lumachi F, Zucchetta P, Marzola MC, et al. Usefulness of CT scan, MRI and radiocholesterol scintigraphy for adrenal imaging in Cushing's syndrome. Nucl Med Commun. 2002;23:469-473.
12. Young WF Jr. Clinical practice. The incidentally discovered adrenal mass. N Engl J Med 2007;356:601-610.
13. Ohashi A, Yamada Y, Sakaguchi K, Inoue T, Kubo M, Fushimi H. A natural history of adrenocorticotropin-independent bilateral adrenal macronodular hyperplasia (AIMAH) from preclinical to clinically overt Cushing's syndrome. Endocr J. 2001;48:677-683.
14. Mitchell IC, Auchus RJ, Juneja K, et al. 'Subclinical Cushing's syndrome' is not subclinical: improvement after adrenalectomy in 9 patients. Surgery. 2007;142:900-905;discussion 905.e1.
15. Miyazato M, Ishidoya S, Satoh F, et al. Surgical outcomes of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for patients with Cushing's and subclinical Cushing's syndrome: a single center experience. Int Urol Nephrol. 2011;43:975-981.
16. Toniato A, Merante-Boschin I, Opocher G, Pelizzo MR, Schiavi F, Ballotta E. Surgical versus conservative management for subclinical Cushing syndrome in adrenal incidentalomas: a prospective randomized study. Ann Surg. 2009;249:388-391.
17. Kawasaki Y, Ishidoya S, Kaiho Y, et al. Laparoscopic simultaneous bilateral adrenalectomy: assessment of feasibility and potential indications. Int J Urol. 2011;18:762-777.
18. Eubanks SW, Soper NJ, Swanström LL, eds. Mastery Of Endoscopic And Laparoscopic Surgery. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins; 2008: 411-412.
19. Iacobone M, Favia G. Role of selective venous adrenal sampling in ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH). World J Surg. 2009;33:159.
20. Iacobone M, Albiger N, Scaroni C, et al. The role of unilateral adrenalectomy in ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH). World J Surg. 2008;32: 882-889.
21. Lacroix A. ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 23:245-259.
22. Christopoulos S, Bourdeau I, Lacroix A. Clinical and subclinical ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia and aberrant hormone receptors. Horm Res. 2005;64:119-131.
23. Tung SC, Wang PW, Huang TL, Lee WC, Chen WJ. Bilateral adrenocortical adenomas causing ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome at different periods: a case report and discussion of corticosteroid replacement therapy following bilateral adrenalectomy. J Endocrinol Invest. 2004;27:375-379.
24. Snorgaard O, Hartling SG, Binder C. Proinsulin and C-peptide at onset and during 12 months cyclosporin treatment of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 1990;33:36-42.