Revegetation with Australian native grasses - A reassessment of the importance of using local provenances

Rangeland Journal

Volumn 35, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 155-166

  Whalley, R D B ^a   Chivers, I H ^b   Waters, C M ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW ENGLAND   (Australia)

^b Native Seeds Pty Ltd   (Australia)

^c Industry and Investment NSW   (Australia)

Author keywords

apomixis; genetic introgression; inbreeding depression; outbreeding depression; polyploidy.

Indexed keywords

EID: 84879920216     PISSN: 10369872     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1071/RJ12078     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (97)

1. Anon. (2006a). 'Leading Practice Sustainable Development Program for the Mining Industry -Mine Rehabilitation.' (Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources, Government of Australia: Canberra.)
2. Anon. (2006b). 'Native Vegetation Revegetation Planting Standards -Guidelines for Establishing Native Vegetation for Net Gain Accounting.' (Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victorian Government: East Melbourne.)
3. Baumann, U., Juttner, J., Bian, X., and Langridge, P. (2000). Selfincompatibility in grasses. Annals of Botany 85, 203-209. doi:10.1006/anbo.1999.1056
4. Bradshaw, A. D. (1960). Population differentiation in Agrostis tenuis Sibth. III. Populations in varied environments. New Phytologist 59, 92-103. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1960.tb06206.x
5. Broadhurst, L. M., Lowe, A., Coates, D. J., Cunningham, S. A., McDonald, M., Vesk, P. A., and Yates, C. A. (2008). Seed supply for broadscale restoration: maximizing evolutionary potential. Evolutionary Applications 1, 587-597
6. Brock, R. D., and Brown, J. A. M. (1961). Cytotaxonomy of Australian Danthonia. Australian Journal of Botany 9, 62-91. doi:10.1071/BT9610062
7. Buza, L., Young, A., and Thrall, P. (2000). Genetic erosion, inbreeding and reduced fitness in fragment populations of the endangered tetraploid pea Swainsona recta. Biological Conservation 93, 177-186. doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(99) 00150-0
8. Byrne, M., Stone, L., and Millar, M. A. (2011). Assessing genetic risk in revegetation. Journal of Applied Ecology 48, 1365-1373. doi:10.1111/j.1365- 2664.2011.02045.x
9. Campbell, C. S., Quinn, J. A., Cheplick, G. P., and Bell, T. J. (1983). Cleistogamy in grasses. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 14, 411-441. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.14.110183.002211
10. Capelle, J., and Neema, C. (2005). Local adaptation and population structure at a micro-geographical scale of a fungal parasite on its host plant. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 18, 1445-1454. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005. 00951.x
11. Chivers, I. H., and Raulings, K. A. (2009). 'Australian Native Grasses; a Manual for Sowing, Growing and Using Them.' (Native Seeds: Melbourne.)
12. Clifford, H. T. (1962). Cleistogamy in Microlaena stipoides (Labill.) R.Br. University of Queensland. Department of Botany Papers 14, 63-72
13. Connor, H. E. (1987). Reproductive biology in the grasses. In: 'Grass Systematics and Evolution'. (Eds T. R. Soderstrom, K. W. Milu, C. S. Campbell and M. E. Barkworth.) pp. 117-132. (Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington, DC.)
14. Connor, H. E., and Jacobs, S. W. L. (1991). Sex ratios in Australian grasses: a preliminary assessment. Cunninghamia 2, 385-390
15. Connor, H. E., and Matthews, B. A. (1977). Breeding systems in New Zealand grasses VII. Cleistogamy in Microlaena. New Zealand Journal of Botany 15, 531-534. doi:10.1080/0028825X.1977. 10429627
16. de Wet, J. M. J. (1968). Diploid-tetraploid-haploid cycles and the origin of variability in Dichanthium agamospecies. Evolution 22, 394-397. doi:10.2307/2406537
17. de Wet, J. M. J. (1987). Hybridization and polyploidy in the Poaceae. In: 'Grass Systematics and Evolution'. (Eds T. R. Soderstrom, K. W. Milu, C. S. Campbell and M. E. Barkworth.) pp. 188-194. (Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington, DC.)
18. de Wet, J. M. J., and Harlan, J. R. (1970). Apomixis, polyploidy and speciation in Dichanthium. Evolution 24, 270-277. doi:10.2307/2406803
19. Dewey, D. R. (1969). Inbreeding depression in diploid and induced autotetraploid crested wheatgrass. Crop Science 9, 592-595. doi:10.2135/ cropsci1969.0011183X000900050023x
20. DPTI (2008). 'Land Management Services, Native Grasses Technical Notes Part 4 -Native Grass Seed in SA.' (Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure, Government of South Australia: Adelaide.)
21. Evans, L. T., and Knox, R. B. (1969). Environmental control of reproduction in Themeda australis. Australian Journal of Botany 17, 375-389. doi:10.1071/BT9690375
22. Fenster, C. B., and Dudash, M. R. (1994). Genetic considerations for plant population restoration and conservation. In: 'Restoration of Endangered Species: Conceptual Issues, Planning and Implementation'. (Eds M. I. Bowles and C. J. Whelan.) pp. 34-62. (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.)
23. Fenster, C. B., and Galloway, L. F. (2000). Inbreeding and outbreeding depression in natural populations of Chamaecrista fasciulata (Fabaceae). Conservation Biology 14, 1406-1412. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000. 99234.x
24. Fitzgerald, T. L., Shapter, F. M., McDonald, S., Waters, D. L. E., Chivers, I. H., Drenth, A., Nevo, E., and Henry, R. J. (2011). Genome diversity in wild grasses under environmental stress. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108, 21 140-21 145. doi:10.1073/pnas.1115203108
25. Frankham, R., Ballou, J. D., Eldridge,M.D. B., Lacy, R. C., Ralls, K., Dudash, M. R., and Fenster, C. B. (2011). Predicting the probability of outbreeding depression. Conservation Biology 25, 465-475. doi:10.1111/j.1523- 1739.2011.01662.x
26. Fryxell, P. A. (1957).Modeof reproduction in higher plants. Botanical Review 23, 135-233. doi:10.1007/BF02869758
27. Garden, D. L., Waters, C. M., Smith, A. B., Norton, M. R., Auricht, G. C., and Kobelt, E. (2005). Performance of native and introduced grasses for low-input pastures. 2. Herbage production. The Rangeland Journal 27, 41-53. doi:10.1071/RJ05003
28. Greening Australia (2012). Local native seed supply strategies for Little River Landcare Group -targeting Box Gum Woodlands, February 2012. Available at: www.greeningaustralia.org.au/uploads/Our%20Resources %20-%20pdfs/seed-supply- strategies/SSS-LRLG-master.pdf (accessed 24 April 2012)
29. Groves, R. H., and Whalley, R. D. B. (2002). Ecology of Australian grasslands and some major grass genera. Flora of Australia 43, 157-182
30. Hayman, D. L. (1960). The distribution and cytology of the chromosome races of Themeda australis in southern Australia. Australian Journal of Botany 8, 58-68. doi:10.1071/BT9600058
31. HCCMA (2007). 'Using Local Provenance Tubestock in the Hunter-Central Rivers Region.' (Hunter-Central Rivers Catchment Management Authority, NSW Government: Paterson.) Available at: www.hcr.cma.nsw.gov.au/uploads/res/ treesuppliers.pdf (accessed 24 April 2012)
32. HNCMA (2008). Fact sheet. Using plants of local provenance in the Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment. (Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment Management Authority, NSW Government: Goulburn.) Available at: www.hn.cma.nsw.gov.au/multiversions/ 4573/FileName/provenance. pdf (accessed 25 April 2012)
33. Huxtable, C. H. A. (1990). Ecological and embryological studies of Microlaena stipoides (Labill.) R.Br., BSc Honours Thesis, Botany, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
34. Jacobsen, C. N. (1981). A review of the species of Dichanthium native to Australian with special reference to their occurrence in Queensland. Tropical Grasslands 15, 84-95
35. Jewell, M. C., Frere, C. H., Prentis, P. J., Lambrides, C.J., and Godwin, I. D. (2010). Characterization and multiplexing of EST-SSR primers in Cynodon (Poaceae) species. American Journal of Botany -Primer Notes and Protocols in Plant Science 10, e99-e101
36. Jewell, M. C.,, Zhou, Y., Loch, D. S., Godwin, I. D., and Lambrides, C. J. (2012a). Maximizing genetic, morphological, and geographic diversity in a core collection of Australian bermudagrass. Crop Science 52, 879-889. doi:10.2135/cropsci2011.09.0497
37. Jewell, M. C., Frere, C. H., Harris-Shultz, K., Anderson, W. F., Godwin, I. D., and Lambrides, C. J. (2012b). Phylogenetic analysis reveals multiple introductions of Cynodon species in Australia. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65, 390-396. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.06.026
38. Johnston, W. H., Clifton, C. A., Cole, I. A., Koen, T. B., Mitchell, M. L., and Waterhouse, D. B. (1999). Low input grasses useful in limiting environments (LIGULE). Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, 29-53. doi:10.1071/A97159
39. Jones, A. T., Hayes, M. J., and Sackville Hamilton, N. R. (2001). The effect of provenance on the performance of Crataegus monogyna in hedges. Journal of Applied Ecology 38, 952-962. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2664. 2001.00650.x
40. Jozwik, F. X. (1969). Some systematic aspects of Mitchell grasses (Astrebla F. Muell). Australian Journal of Botany 17, 359-374. doi:10.1071/BT9690359
41. Keller, M., Kollmann, J., and Edwards, P. J. (2000). Genetic introgression from distant provenances reduces fitness in local weed populations. Journal of Applied Ecology 37, 647-659. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2664. 2000.00517.x
42. Lazarides, M. (1972). A revision of Australian Chlorideae (Gramineae). Australian Journal of Botany Supplementary Series 5, 1-51
43. Lenssen, J. P. M., Van Kleunen, M., Fischer, M., and De Kroon, H. (2004). Local adaptation of the clonal plant Ranunculus reptans to flooding along a small-scale gradient. Journal of Ecology 92, 696-706. doi:10.1111/j.0022-0477. 2004.00895.x
44. Linder, H. P., Baeza, M., Barker, N. P., Galley, C., Humphreys, A. M., Lloyd, K. M., Pirie, M. D., Simon, B. K., Walsh, N., and Verboom, G. A. (2010). A generic classification of the Danthonioideae (Poaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 97, 306-364. doi:10.3417/2009006
45. Lodder, M. S. (1989). Biology and landscape potential of Danthonia species. M. Litt. Thesis, Botany, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
46. Lodge, G. M. (1993). The domestication of the native grasses Danthonia richardsonii Cashmore and Danthonia linkii Kunth for agricultural use. I. Selecting for inflorescence seed yield. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, 59-77. doi:10.1071/AR9930059
47. Lodge, G. M., and Schipp, A. J. (1993). The domestication of the native grasses Danthonia richardsonii Cashmore and Danthonia linkii Kunth for agricultural use. II. Agronomic and morphological variation. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, 79-88. doi:10.1071/AR9930079
48. Lodge, G. M., and Whalley, R. D. B. (1989). 'Native and Natural Pastures on the Northern Slopes and Tablelands of New South Wales -A review and annotated bibliography.' Technical Bulletin 35. (NSW Agriculture and Fisheries: Sydney.)
49. Lodge, G. M., Whalley, R. D. B., and Robinson, G. G. (1984). Temperate rangelands. In: 'Management of Australia's Rangelands'. (Eds G. N. Harrington, A. D. Wilson and M. D. Young.) pp. 317-329. (CSIRO: Melbourne.)
50. Magcale-Macandog, D. B., and Whalley, R. D. B. (2000). Genotypic differentiation in Microlaena stipoides populations: morphological and ecological patterns. Philippine Agricultural Scientist 83, 159-172
51. Magcale-Macandog, D. B., and Whalley, R. D. B. (2007). Competitive abilities and divergence of Microlaena stipoides populations with associated perennial grass species in New South Wales, Australia. Asia-Life Sciences 16, 35-51
52. Mallett, K., and Orchard, A. E. (2002). 'Flora of Australia (Vol. 43), Poaceae 1.' (ABRS, CSIRO: Canberra, Melbourne.)
53. Maze, K. M., and Whalley, R. D. B. (1992). Germination, seedling occurrence and seedling survival of Spinifex sericeus RBr. (Poaceae). Australian Journal of Ecology 17, 189-194. doi:10.1111/j.1442-9993. 1992.tb00797.x
54. McKay, J. K., Christian, C. E., Harrison, S., and Rice, K. J. (2005). How local is local? -A review of practical and conceptual issues in the genetics of restoration. Restoration Ecology 13, 432-440. doi:10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005. 00058.x
55. Mithen, S. (2003). 'After the Ice: a Global Human History 20000-5000 BC.' (Weidenfield and Nicholson: London.)
56. Moore, C. W. E. (1953). The vegetation of the south-eastern Riverina, New South Wales. 2. The disclimax communities. Australian Journal of Botany 1, 548-567. doi:10.1071/BT9530548
57. Moore, R. M. (1970). South-eastern temperate woodlands and grasslands. In: 'Australian Grasslands'. (Ed. R. M. Moore.) pp. 169-190. (Australian National University Press: Canberra.)
58. Mortlock, W. (1999). 'Seed Collection from Woody Plants for Local Revegetation.' Florabank Guidelines No. 5. (Florabank: Yarralumla, ACT.) Available at: www.florabank.org.au/files/documents/Guideline% 20No.%205%20-%20Seed%20collection%20from%20woody%20 plants%20for%20local%20revegetation.pdf (accessed 5 April 2013)
59. Mortlock, W. (2000). 'Seed Collection Ranges for Revegetation.' Florabank Guidelines No. 10. (Florabank: Yarralumla, ACT.) Available at: www. florabank.org.au/files/documents/Guideline%20No.%2010%20-%20 Seed%20collection%20ranges%20for%20revegetation.pdf (accessed 5 April 2013)
60. Murphy, M. A. (2003). Relationships among taxa of Elymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) in Australia: reproductive biology. Australian Systematic Botany 16, 633-642. doi:10.1071/SB02023
61. Norton, M. R., Mitchell, M. L., Hall, E., and Kobelt, E. (2005). Evaluation of native and introduced grasses for low-input pastures in temperate Australia: experimental approach, site and genotype descriptions. The Rangeland Journal 27, 11-22. doi:10.1071/RJ05002
62. O'Brien, E. K., Mazanec, R. A., and Krauss, S. L. (2007). Provenance variation of ecologically important traits of forest trees: implications for restoration. Journal of Applied Ecology 44, 583-593. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664. 2007.01313.x
63. Parthasarathy, N. (1939). Cytological studies in Oryzeae and Phalarideae. III. Cytological studies in Phalarideae. Annals of Botany 3, 43-73
64. Paterson, M. F. (2011). The development of grass establishment mats for use in revegetation: implications of seed biology and water uptake mechanisms. PhD Thesis, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
65. Potts, B. M., Barbour, R. C., Hingston, A. B., and Vaillancourt, R. E. (2003). Genetic pollution of native eucalypt gene pools -identifying the risk. Turner Review No. 6. Australian Journal of Botany 51, 1-25. doi:10.1071/BT02035
66. Ramsey, J., and Schemske, D. W. (1998). Pathways, mechanisms and rates of polyploidy formation in flowering plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29, 467-501. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.467
67. Richards, A. J. (1986). 'Plant Breeding Systems.' 1st edn. (Allen and Unwin: London.)
68. Richards, A. J. (1997). 'Plant Breeding Systems.' 2nd edn. (Chapman and Hall: London.)
69. Sanford, P., Whalley, R. D. B., Garden, D. L., Norton, M. R., Waters, C. M., Smith, A. B., Mitchell, M. L., Kobelt, E., Friend, D. A., Hall, E., and Auricht, G. C. (2005). Identification of superior native and introduced grasses for low-input pastures in temperate Australia. The Rangeland Journal 27, 55-71. doi:10.1071/RJ05005
70. Semple, W. S., Koen, T. B., and Cole, I. A. (1999). Re-introduction of native grasses to the Central West of NSW. The Rangeland Journal 21, 153-167. doi:10.1071/RJ9990153
71. Sgrò, C. M., Lowe, A. J., and Hoffman, A. A. (2011). Building evolutionary resilience for conserving biodiversity under climate change. Evolutionary Applications 4, 326-337. doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00157.x
72. Smith, S. R., and Whalley, R. D. B. (2002). Model for expanded use of native grasses. Native Plants Journal 3, 38-49
73. Soltis, D. E., Soltis, P. S., Pires, J. K., Kovarik, A., Tate, J. A., and Mavrodiev, E. (2004). Recent and recurrent polyploidy in Tragopogon (Asteraceae): cytogenic, genomic and genetic comparisons. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London 82, 485-501. doi:10.1111/j.1095- 8312.2004.00335.x
74. Taliaferro, C. M. (2003). Bermudagrass (Cynodon (L.) Rich). In: 'Turfgrass: Biology, Genetics and Breeding'. (Eds M. D. Casler and R. R. Duncan.) pp. 235-256. (John Wiley and Sons: New Jersey.)
75. Templeton, A. R. (1986). Coadaptation and outbreeding depression. In: 'Conservation Biology: the Science of Scarcity and Diversity'. (Ed. M. E. Soulé.) pp. 105-116. (Sinauer Associates Inc.: Sunderland.)
76. Vickery, J. W., Jacobs, S. W. L., and Everett, J. (1986). Taxonomic studies in Stipa (Poaceae) in Australia. Telopea 3, 1-132.
77. Volis, S., Mendkinger, S., and Ward, D. (2002). Adaptive traits of wild barley plants of Mediterranean and desert origin. Oecologia 133, 131-138. doi:10.1007/s00442-002-0999-0
78. Waters, C. M. (2007). A genecological study of the Australian native grass Austrodanthonia caespitosa (Gaudich.) H.P. Linder. PhD Thesis, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
79. Waters, C. M., Whalley, R. D. B, and Huxtable, C. H. A. (2000). 'Grassed Up(a Guideline for Revegetating with Australian Native Grasses).'(NSW Agriculture: Dubbo.)
80. Waters, C. M., Melville, G. J., and Grice, A. C. (2003). Genotypic variation among sites within eleven Australian native grasses. The Rangeland Journal 25, 70-84. doi:10.1071/RJ03006
81. Waters, C. M., Garden, D. L., Smith, A. B., Friend, D. A., Sanford, P., and Auricht, G. C. (2005). Performance of native and introduced grasses for low-input pastures. 1. Survival and recruitment. The Rangeland Journal 27, 23-39. doi:10.1071/RJ05001
82. Waters, C. M., Young, A. G., and Crosthwaite, J. (2007). Genetic integrity as a target for natural capital restoration: weighting the costs and benefits. In: 'Restoring Natural Capital, Science, Business and Practice'. Society for Ecological Restoration International. (Eds J. Aronson, S. J. Milton and J. N. Blignaut.) pp. 85-93. (Island Press: Washington, DC.)
83. Waters, C. M., Melville, G. J., and Jacobs, S. W. L. (2009). Association of five Austrodanthonia species (family Poaceae) with large-And smallscale environmental features in central western New South Wales. Cunninghamia 11, 65-80
84. Waters, C. M., Murray, B. G., Melville, G. J., Coates, D. J., Young, A., and Virgona, J. (2010). Polyploidy and possible implications for the evolutionary history of some Australian Danthonieae. Australian Journal of Botany 58, 23-34. doi:10.1071/BT09138
85. Waters, C. M., Melville, G. J., Coates, D. J., Virgona, J., Young, A., and Hacker, R. B. (2011). Variation in morphological traits among and within populations of Austrodanthonia caespitosa (Gaudich.)
86. H.P. Linder and four related species. Australian Journal of Botany 59, 324-335.
87. Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M. J. (1992). 'The Grass Genera of the World.' (CAB International: Cambridge.)
88. Whalley, R. D. B., and Brown, R. W. (1973). A method for the collection and transport of native grasses from the field to the glasshouse. Journal of Range Management 26, 376-377. doi:10.2307/3896860
89. Whalley, R. D. B., Chivers, I. H., and Waters, C. M. (2003). The assumptions behind the recommended use of local provenances of Australian native grasses for revegetation. In: Sustainability and Beyond. Proceedings of the 3rd National Conference of the STIPA Native Grasses Association, Cooma'. (Eds C. O'Dwyer and S. Hamilton.) pp. 96-106. (STIPA: Coolah.)
90. Whalley, R. D. B., Friend, D. A., Sanford, P., and Mitchell, M. L. (2005). Evaluation of native and introduced grasses for low-input pastures in temperate Australia: rationale and scope. The Rangeland Journal 27, 1-9. doi:10.1071/RJ05004
91. Williams, O. B. (1966). Population changes of the perennial tussock-grass Danthonia caespitosa Gaudich, in a semi-Arid environment between the years 1949 and 1965. Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia 1, 111-117
92. Williams, O. B., and Roe, R. (1975). Management of arid grasslands for sheep: plant demography of six grasses in relation to climate and grazing. Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia 9, 142-156
93. Woodland, P. S. (1964). The floral morphology and embryology of Themeda australis (R.Br.) Stapf. Australian Journal of Botany 12, 157-172. doi:10.1071/BT9640157
94. Yu, P. (1999). Comparative reproductive biology of two vulnerable and two common Australian grasses in Bothriochloa Kuntze and Dichanthium Willem. PhD Thesis, Botany, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
95. Yu, P., Prakash, N., and Whalley, R. D. B. (2000). Comparative reproductive biology of the vulnerable and common grasses in Bothriochloa and Dichanthium. In: 'Grasses: Systematics and Evolution'. (Eds S. W. L. Jacobs and J. Everett.) pp. 307-315. (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.)
96. Yu, P., Prakash, N., and Whalley, R. D. B. (2003). Sexual and apomictic seed development in the vulnerable grass Bothriochloa biloba S.T.Blake. Australian Journal of Botany 51, 75-84. doi:10.1071/BT02003
97. Zhou, Y., Lambrides, C. J., and Fukai, S. (2013). Drought resistance of bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) ecotypes collected from different climatic zones. Environmental and Experimental Botany 85, 22-29. doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012. 07.008