Characterization of the designer benzodiazepine pyrazolam and its detectability in human serum and urine

Forensic Toxicology

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 263-271

  Moosmann, Bjoern ^a,b   Hutter, Melanie ^a,b   Huppertz, Laura M ^a   Ferlaino, Sascha ^b   Redlingshöfer, Lisa ^a   Auwärter, Volker ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Designer benzodiazepine; LC MS MS; NMR; Pyrazolam; Serum; Urine

Indexed keywords

BENZODIAZEPINE; PYRAZOLAM; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; BLOOD ANALYSIS; CROSS REACTION; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG URINE LEVEL; HUMAN; IMMUNOASSAY; LIMIT OF DETECTION; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MALE; MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY; METABOLITE; NORMAL HUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUADRUPOLE MASS SPECTROMETRY; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; TIME OF FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY; URINALYSIS;

EID: 84879797288     PISSN: 18608965     EISSN: 18608973     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11419-013-0187-4     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. UNODC (2012) World Drug Report 2012. (United Nations Publication, Sales No. E11.XI.10)
2. Lohse MJ, Müller-Oerlinghausen B (2011) Arzneiverordnungs-Report 2011. In: Schwabe U, Paffrath D (eds), Arzneiverordnungs-Report 2011. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 645-658
3. Glaeske G (2012) Medikamente-Psychotrope und andere Arzneimittel mit Missbrauchs- und Abhängigkeitspotenzial. In: Deutsche Hauptstelle für Suchtfragen (ed) Jahrbuch Sucht, Papst, Lengerich, pp 90-111
4. Auwärter V, Dresen S, Weinmann W, Müller M, Pütz M, Ferreiros N (2009) 'Spice' and other herbal blends: harmless incense or cannabinoid designer drugs? J Mass Spectrom 44:832-837
5. Uchiyama N, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Kawahara N, Haishima Y, Goda Y (2009) Identification of a cannabinoid analog as a new type of designer drug in a herbal product. Chem Pharm Bull 57:439-441
6. Kneisel S, Bisel P, Brecht V, Broecker S, Müller M, Auwärter V (2012) Identification of the cannabimimetic AM-1220 and its azepane isomer (N-methylazepan-3-yl)-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole in a research chemical and several herbal mixtures. Forensic Toxicol 30:126-134
7. Uchiyama N, Kawamura M, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Goda Y (2012) Identification of two new-type synthetic cannabinoids, N-(1-Adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indole-3- carboxamide (APICA) and N-(1-Adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (APINACA), and detection of five synthetic cannabinoids, AM-1220, AM-2233, AM-1241, CB-13 (CRA-13), and AM-1248, as designer drugs in illegal products. Forensic Toxicol 30:114-125
8. Namera A, Nakamoto A, Saito T, Nagao M (2011) Colorimetric detection and chromatographic analyses of designer drugs in biological materials: a comprehensive review. Forensic Toxicol 29:1-24
9. Zaitsu K, Katagi M, Tatsuno M, Sato T, Tsuchihashi H, Suzuki K (2011) Recently abused β-keto derivatives of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylalkylamines: a review of their metabolisms and toxicological analysis. Forensic Toxicol 29:73-84
10. Maskell PD, De Paoli G, Nitin Seetohul L, Pounder DJ (2012) Phenazepam: the drug that came in from the cold. J Forensic Leg Med 19:122-125
11. (2012) EMCDDA reporting form on the new drug Pyrazolam. REITOX, Finland. Accessible via EDND database of the EMCDDA
12. Hester JB, Von Voigtlander P (1979) 6-Aryl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-A][1,4] benzodiazepines. Influence of 1-substitution on pharmacological activity. J Med Chem 22:1390-1398
13. Council of Europe (2007) Alprazolam. European Pharmacopoeia, 6th ed. Council of Europe, Strasbourg, pp 1601-1603
14. Maurer HH, Pfleger K, Weber AA (2011) Mass spectral and GC data of drugs, poisons, pesticides, pollutants and their metabolites, 4th edn. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
15. Wohlfarth A, Naue J, Lutz-Bonengel S, Dresen S, Auwärter V (2012) Cocktail approach for in vivo phenotyping of 5 major cyp450 isoenzymes: development of an effective sampling, extraction, and analytical procedure and pilot study with comparative genotyping. J Clin Pharmacol 52:1200-1214
16. Eberts FS Jr, Philopoulos Y, Reineke LM, Vliek RW (1981) Triazolam disposition. Clin Pharm Ther 29:81-93
17. Hyland R, Osborne T, Payne A, Kempshall S, Logan YR, Ezzeddine K, Jones B (2009) In vitro and in vivo glucuronidation of midazolam in humans. Br J Clin Pharmacol 67:445-454
18. Kitagawa H, Esumi Y, Kurosawa S, Sekine S, Yokoshima T (1979) Metabolism of 8-chloro-6-(o-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl- 4H-s-triazolo [4,3-A] [1,4] benzodiazepine, triazolam, a new central depressant. I. Absorption, distribution and excretion in rats, dogs and monkeys. Xenobiotica 9:415-428
19. Kronbach T, Mathys D, Umeno M, Gonzalez FJ, Meyer UA (1989) Oxidation of midazolam and triazolam by human liver cytochrome P450IIIA4. Mol Pharmacol 36:89-96
20. Gorski JC, Jones DR, Hamman MA, Wrighton SA, Hall SD (1999) Biotransformation of alprazolam by members of the human cytochrome P4503A subfamily. Xenobiotica 29:931-944
21. Jenkins AJ (2007) Pharmacokinetics: drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. In: Karch SB (ed) Drug abuse handbook. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 177-180