메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 339-347

Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury in the Neurocritical Care Unit

Author keywords

Mechanical ventilation; Neurogenic shock; Spinal cord injury; Thromboembolism

Indexed keywords

AMINOPHYLLINE; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; ATROPINE; CAPTOPRIL; DOPAMINE; ERYTHROPOIETIN; FLUDROCORTISONE; GANGLIOSIDE GM1; GLUCOCORTICOID; GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; HEPARIN; HYDRALAZINE; HYPERTENSIVE AGENT; INOTROPIC AGENT; LABETALOL; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MIDODRINE; NALOXONE; NIFEDIPINE; NIMODIPINE; NORADRENALIN; OXYGEN; PHENYLEPHRINE; PLACEBO; PROSTAGLANDIN E2; TIRILAZAD; WARFARIN;

EID: 84879781428     PISSN: 10423680     EISSN: 15581349     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2013.02.007     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (17)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 77955876085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival after spinal cord injury: a systematic review
    • Van Den Berg M.E., Castellote J.M., de Pedro-Cuesta J., et al. Survival after spinal cord injury: a systematic review. JNeurotrauma 2010, 27(8):1517-1528.
    • (2010) JNeurotrauma , vol.27 , Issue.8 , pp. 1517-1528
    • Van Den Berg, M.E.1    Castellote, J.M.2    de Pedro-Cuesta, J.3
  • 2
    • 0035893632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology, demographics, and pathophysiology of acute spinal cord injury
    • Sekhon L.H., Fehlings M.G. Epidemiology, demographics, and pathophysiology of acute spinal cord injury. Spine 2001, 26(Suppl 24):S2-S12.
    • (2001) Spine , vol.26 , Issue.SUPPL. 24
    • Sekhon, L.H.1    Fehlings, M.G.2
  • 3
    • 84860723581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury: trends and future implications
    • Devivo M.J. Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury: trends and future implications. Spinal Cord 2012, 50(5):365-372.
    • (2012) Spinal Cord , vol.50 , Issue.5 , pp. 365-372
    • Devivo, M.J.1
  • 4
    • 33750431048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of pediatric spinal cord injury in the United States: years 1997 and 2000
    • Vitale M.G., Goss J.M., Matsumoto H., et al. Epidemiology of pediatric spinal cord injury in the United States: years 1997 and 2000. JPediatr Orthop 2006, 26(6):745-749.
    • (2006) JPediatr Orthop , vol.26 , Issue.6 , pp. 745-749
    • Vitale, M.G.1    Goss, J.M.2    Matsumoto, H.3
  • 5
    • 7444243801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ademographic profile of new traumatic spinal cord injuries: change and stability over 30 years
    • Jackson A.B., Dijkers M., Devivo M.J., et al. Ademographic profile of new traumatic spinal cord injuries: change and stability over 30 years. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004, 85(11):1740-1748.
    • (2004) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.85 , Issue.11 , pp. 1740-1748
    • Jackson, A.B.1    Dijkers, M.2    Devivo, M.J.3
  • 6
    • 0027283350 scopus 로고
    • Incidence, characteristics, and outcome of spinal cord injury at trauma centers in North America
    • Burney R.E., Maio R.F., Maynard F., et al. Incidence, characteristics, and outcome of spinal cord injury at trauma centers in North America. Arch Surg 1993, 128(5):596-599.
    • (1993) Arch Surg , vol.128 , Issue.5 , pp. 596-599
    • Burney, R.E.1    Maio, R.F.2    Maynard, F.3
  • 7
    • 84862743323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and predictors of cervical spine injury in adult major trauma patients: a multicenter cohort study
    • Hasler R.M., Exadaktylos A.K., Bouamra O., et al. Epidemiology and predictors of cervical spine injury in adult major trauma patients: a multicenter cohort study. JTrauma Acute Care Surg 2012, 72(4):975-981.
    • (2012) JTrauma Acute Care Surg , vol.72 , Issue.4 , pp. 975-981
    • Hasler, R.M.1    Exadaktylos, A.K.2    Bouamra, O.3
  • 8
    • 0027267601 scopus 로고
    • Changes in epidemiology of acute spinal cord injury from 1947 to 1981
    • Tator C.H., Duncan E.G., Edmonds V.E., et al. Changes in epidemiology of acute spinal cord injury from 1947 to 1981. Surg Neurol 1993, 40(3):207-215.
    • (1993) Surg Neurol , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 207-215
    • Tator, C.H.1    Duncan, E.G.2    Edmonds, V.E.3
  • 9
    • 0042281593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of acute spinal cord injuries in an intensive care unit or other monitored setting
    • Management of acute spinal cord injuries in an intensive care unit or other monitored setting. Neurosurgery 2002, 50(Suppl 3):S51-S57.
    • (2002) Neurosurgery , vol.50 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
  • 10
    • 84879784128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center, Birmingham, AL. Annual report for the model spinal cord injury care systems, Birmingham, October (Citation is from the 2011 Annual statistical report of the National Spinal Cord Injury Statisical Center).
    • National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center, Birmingham, AL. Annual report for the model spinal cord injury care systems, Birmingham, October, 2011. (Citation is from the 2011 Annual statistical report of the National Spinal Cord Injury Statisical Center).
    • (2011)
  • 11
    • 0037006387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal-cord injury
    • McDonald J.W., Sadowsky C. Spinal-cord injury. Lancet 2002, 359(9304):417-425.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , Issue.9304 , pp. 417-425
    • McDonald, J.W.1    Sadowsky, C.2
  • 12
    • 0036490533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological therapy after acute cervical spinal cord injury
    • Pharmacological therapy after acute cervical spinal cord injury. Neurosurgery 2002, 50(Suppl 3):S63-S72.
    • (2002) Neurosurgery , vol.50 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
  • 13
    • 0035865593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cause of neurologic deterioration after acute cervical spinal cord injury
    • Harrop J.S., Sharan A.D., Vaccaro A.R., et al. The cause of neurologic deterioration after acute cervical spinal cord injury. Spine 2001, 26(4):340-346.
    • (2001) Spine , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 340-346
    • Harrop, J.S.1    Sharan, A.D.2    Vaccaro, A.R.3
  • 14
    • 84911262491 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of methylprednisolone in acute spinal cord injury
    • Bracken M.B., Collins W.F., Freeman D.F., et al. Efficacy of methylprednisolone in acute spinal cord injury. JAMA 1984, 251(1):45-52.
    • (1984) JAMA , vol.251 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-52
    • Bracken, M.B.1    Collins, W.F.2    Freeman, D.F.3
  • 15
    • 0025344617 scopus 로고
    • Arandomized, controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal-cord injury. Results of the Second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study
    • Bracken M.B., Shepard M.J., Collins W.F., et al. Arandomized, controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal-cord injury. Results of the Second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. NEngl J Med 1990, 322(20):1405-1411.
    • (1990) NEngl J Med , vol.322 , Issue.20 , pp. 1405-1411
    • Bracken, M.B.1    Shepard, M.J.2    Collins, W.F.3
  • 16
    • 0026601887 scopus 로고
    • Methylprednisolone or naloxone treatment after acute spinal cord injury: 1-year follow-up data. Results of the second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study
    • Bracken M.B., Shepard M.J., Collins W.F., et al. Methylprednisolone or naloxone treatment after acute spinal cord injury: 1-year follow-up data. Results of the second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. JNeurosurg 1992, 76(1):23-31.
    • (1992) JNeurosurg , vol.76 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-31
    • Bracken, M.B.1    Shepard, M.J.2    Collins, W.F.3
  • 17
    • 1642422176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Administration of methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 hours or tirilazad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Results of the Third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Randomized Controlled Trial. National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study
    • Bracken M.B., Shepard M.J., Holford T.R., et al. Administration of methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 hours or tirilazad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Results of the Third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Randomized Controlled Trial. National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. JAMA 1997, 277(20):1597-1604.
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.277 , Issue.20 , pp. 1597-1604
    • Bracken, M.B.1    Shepard, M.J.2    Holford, T.R.3
  • 18
    • 17144468967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylprednisolone or tirilazad mesylate administration after acute spinal cord injury: 1-year follow up. Results of the third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury randomized controlled trial
    • Bracken M.B., Shepard M.J., Holford T.R., et al. Methylprednisolone or tirilazad mesylate administration after acute spinal cord injury: 1-year follow up. Results of the third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury randomized controlled trial. JNeurosurg 1998, 89(5):699-706.
    • (1998) JNeurosurg , vol.89 , Issue.5 , pp. 699-706
    • Bracken, M.B.1    Shepard, M.J.2    Holford, T.R.3
  • 19
    • 0027423622 scopus 로고
    • The two-edged sword of large-dose steroids for spinal cord trauma
    • [discussion: 419-25]
    • Galandiuk S., Raque G., Appel S., et al. The two-edged sword of large-dose steroids for spinal cord trauma. Ann Surg 1993, 218(4):419-425. [discussion: 419-25].
    • (1993) Ann Surg , vol.218 , Issue.4 , pp. 419-425
    • Galandiuk, S.1    Raque, G.2    Appel, S.3
  • 20
    • 3342967871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology and pharmacologic treatment of acute spinal cord injury
    • Kwon B.K., Tetzlaff W., Grauer J.N., et al. Pathophysiology and pharmacologic treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Spine J 2004, 4(4):451-464.
    • (2004) Spine J , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 451-464
    • Kwon, B.K.1    Tetzlaff, W.2    Grauer, J.N.3
  • 21
    • 84921622834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steroids for acute spinal cord injury
    • CD001046
    • Bracken M.B. Steroids for acute spinal cord injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012, (1). CD001046.
    • (2012) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , Issue.1
    • Bracken, M.B.1
  • 22
    • 84923472198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the management of acute cervical spine and spinal cord injuries
    • Hurlbert R.H., Hadley M.N., et al. Guidelines for the management of acute cervical spine and spinal cord injuries. Clin Neurosurg 2013, 72:93-105.
    • (2013) Clin Neurosurg , vol.72 , pp. 93-105
    • Hurlbert, R.H.1    Hadley, M.N.2
  • 23
    • 0026432654 scopus 로고
    • Recovery of motor function after spinal-cord injury-a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with GM-1 ganglioside
    • Geisler F.H., Dorsey F.C., Coleman W.P. Recovery of motor function after spinal-cord injury-a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with GM-1 ganglioside. NEngl J Med 1991, 324(26):1829-1838.
    • (1991) NEngl J Med , vol.324 , Issue.26 , pp. 1829-1838
    • Geisler, F.H.1    Dorsey, F.C.2    Coleman, W.P.3
  • 24
    • 0035893918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Sygen multicenter acute spinal cord injury study
    • Geisler F.H., Coleman W.P., Grieco G., et al. The Sygen multicenter acute spinal cord injury study. Spine 2001, 26(Suppl 24):S87-S98.
    • (2001) Spine , vol.26 , Issue.SUPPL. 24
    • Geisler, F.H.1    Coleman, W.P.2    Grieco, G.3
  • 25
    • 84894896337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothermia in spinal cord injury
    • Castillo-Abrego G. Hypothermia in spinal cord injury. Crit Care 2012, 16(Suppl 2):A12.
    • (2012) Crit Care , vol.16 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Castillo-Abrego, G.1
  • 26
    • 62649171769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical application of modest hypothermia after spinal cord injury
    • Levi A.D., Green B.A., Wang M.Y., et al. Clinical application of modest hypothermia after spinal cord injury. JNeurotrauma 2009, 26(3):407-415.
    • (2009) JNeurotrauma , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 407-415
    • Levi, A.D.1    Green, B.A.2    Wang, M.Y.3
  • 27
    • 77950003988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical outcomes using modest intravascular hypothermia after acute cervical spinal cord injury
    • Levi A.D., Casella G., Green B.A., et al. Clinical outcomes using modest intravascular hypothermia after acute cervical spinal cord injury. Neurosurgery 2010, 66(4):670-677.
    • (2010) Neurosurgery , vol.66 , Issue.4 , pp. 670-677
    • Levi, A.D.1    Casella, G.2    Green, B.A.3
  • 28
    • 84879787622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic hypothermia in acute cervical spinal cord injury: a case-controlled study
    • Dididze M., Green B.A., Dalton Dietrich W., et al. Systemic hypothermia in acute cervical spinal cord injury: a case-controlled study. Spinal Cord 2012, 50(12):1-6.
    • (2012) Spinal Cord , vol.50 , Issue.12 , pp. 1-6
    • Dididze, M.1    Green, B.A.2    Dalton Dietrich, W.3
  • 29
    • 77954383544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute changes in systemic hemodynamics and serum vasopressin after complete cervical spinal cord injury in piglets
    • Zahra M., Samdani A., Piggott K., et al. Acute changes in systemic hemodynamics and serum vasopressin after complete cervical spinal cord injury in piglets. Neurocrit Care 2010, 13(1):132-140.
    • (2010) Neurocrit Care , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 132-140
    • Zahra, M.1    Samdani, A.2    Piggott, K.3
  • 30
    • 0346992287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Descending vasomotor pathways in humans: correlation between axonal preservation and cardiovascular dysfunction after spinal cord injury
    • Furlan J.C., Fehlings M.G., Shannon P., et al. Descending vasomotor pathways in humans: correlation between axonal preservation and cardiovascular dysfunction after spinal cord injury. JNeurotrauma 2003, 20(12):1351-1363.
    • (2003) JNeurotrauma , vol.20 , Issue.12 , pp. 1351-1363
    • Furlan, J.C.1    Fehlings, M.G.2    Shannon, P.3
  • 31
    • 0023231365 scopus 로고
    • The location of descending fibres to sympathetic preganglionic vasomotor and sudomotor neurons in man
    • Nathan P.W., Smith M.C. The location of descending fibres to sympathetic preganglionic vasomotor and sudomotor neurons in man. JNeurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 1987, 50(10):1253-1262.
    • (1987) JNeurol Neurosurg Psychiatr , vol.50 , Issue.10 , pp. 1253-1262
    • Nathan, P.W.1    Smith, M.C.2
  • 32
    • 0035893705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical care of spinal cord injury
    • Ball P.A. Critical care of spinal cord injury. Spine 2001, 26(Suppl 24):S27-S30.
    • (2001) Spine , vol.26 , Issue.SUPPL. 24
    • Ball, P.A.1
  • 33
    • 0027444727 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic parameters in patients with acute cervical cord trauma: description, intervention, and prediction of outcome
    • [discussion: 1016-7]
    • Levi L., Wolf A., Belzberg H. Hemodynamic parameters in patients with acute cervical cord trauma: description, intervention, and prediction of outcome. Neurosurgery 1993, 33(6):1007-1016. [discussion: 1016-7].
    • (1993) Neurosurgery , vol.33 , Issue.6 , pp. 1007-1016
    • Levi, L.1    Wolf, A.2    Belzberg, H.3
  • 34
    • 0030742166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined medical and surgical treatment after acute spinal cord injury: results of a prospective pilot study to assess the merits of aggressive medical resuscitation and blood pressure management
    • Vale F.L., Burns J., Jackson A.B., et al. Combined medical and surgical treatment after acute spinal cord injury: results of a prospective pilot study to assess the merits of aggressive medical resuscitation and blood pressure management. JNeurosurg 1997, 87(2):239-246.
    • (1997) JNeurosurg , vol.87 , Issue.2 , pp. 239-246
    • Vale, F.L.1    Burns, J.2    Jackson, A.B.3
  • 35
    • 78649760375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac pacing in patients with a cervical spinal cord injury
    • Rangappa P., Jeyadoss J., Flabouris A., et al. Cardiac pacing in patients with a cervical spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2010, 48(12):867-871.
    • (2010) Spinal Cord , vol.48 , Issue.12 , pp. 867-871
    • Rangappa, P.1    Jeyadoss, J.2    Flabouris, A.3
  • 36
    • 0041334253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic dysreflexia: incidence in persons with neurologically complete and incomplete tetraplegia
    • Helkowski W.M., Ditunno J.F., Boninger M. Autonomic dysreflexia: incidence in persons with neurologically complete and incomplete tetraplegia. JSpinal Cord Med 2003, 26(3):244-247.
    • (2003) JSpinal Cord Med , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 244-247
    • Helkowski, W.M.1    Ditunno, J.F.2    Boninger, M.3
  • 37
    • 0034523029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of orthostatic hypotension during physiotherapy treatment in patients with an acute spinal cord injury
    • Illman A., Stiller K., Williams M. The prevalence of orthostatic hypotension during physiotherapy treatment in patients with an acute spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2000, 38(12):741-747.
    • (2000) Spinal Cord , vol.38 , Issue.12 , pp. 741-747
    • Illman, A.1    Stiller, K.2    Williams, M.3
  • 38
    • 63849267523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular complications after acute spinal cord injury: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
    • Furlan J.C., Fehlings M.G. Cardiovascular complications after acute spinal cord injury: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Neurosurg Focus 2008, 25(5):E13.
    • (2008) Neurosurg Focus , vol.25 , Issue.5
    • Furlan, J.C.1    Fehlings, M.G.2
  • 39
    • 0043023945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic dysreflexia in acute spinal cord injury: an under-recognized clinical entity
    • Krassioukov A.V., Furlan J.C., Fehlings M.G. Autonomic dysreflexia in acute spinal cord injury: an under-recognized clinical entity. JNeurotrauma 2003, 20(8):707-716.
    • (2003) JNeurotrauma , vol.20 , Issue.8 , pp. 707-716
    • Krassioukov, A.V.1    Furlan, J.C.2    Fehlings, M.G.3
  • 40
    • 0033023848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic dysreflexia
    • Karlsson A.K. Autonomic dysreflexia. Spinal Cord 1999, 37(6):383-391.
    • (1999) Spinal Cord , vol.37 , Issue.6 , pp. 383-391
    • Karlsson, A.K.1
  • 41
    • 0027955681 scopus 로고
    • Prospective evaluation of terazosin for the treatment of autonomic dysreflexia
    • Chancellor M.B., Erhard M.J., Hirsch I.H., et al. Prospective evaluation of terazosin for the treatment of autonomic dysreflexia. JUrol 1994, 151(1):111-113.
    • (1994) JUrol , vol.151 , Issue.1 , pp. 111-113
    • Chancellor, M.B.1    Erhard, M.J.2    Hirsch, I.H.3
  • 42
    • 0031768648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of autonomic dysreflexia: long-term treatment with terazosin in adult and paediatric spinal cord injury patients manifesting recurrent dysreflexic episodes
    • Vaidyanathan S., Soni B.M., Sett P., et al. Pathophysiology of autonomic dysreflexia: long-term treatment with terazosin in adult and paediatric spinal cord injury patients manifesting recurrent dysreflexic episodes. Spinal Cord 1998, 36(11):761-770.
    • (1998) Spinal Cord , vol.36 , Issue.11 , pp. 761-770
    • Vaidyanathan, S.1    Soni, B.M.2    Sett, P.3
  • 43
    • 0019447377 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary function in acute cervical cord injury
    • Ledsome J.R., Sharp J.M. Pulmonary function in acute cervical cord injury. Am Rev Respir Dis 1981, 124(1):41-44.
    • (1981) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.124 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-44
    • Ledsome, J.R.1    Sharp, J.M.2
  • 44
    • 0018916817 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary dysfunction following traumatic quadriplegia. Recognition, prevention, and treatment
    • McMichan J.C., Michel L., Westbrook P.R. Pulmonary dysfunction following traumatic quadriplegia. Recognition, prevention, and treatment. JAMA 1980, 243(6):528-531.
    • (1980) JAMA , vol.243 , Issue.6 , pp. 528-531
    • McMichan, J.C.1    Michel, L.2    Westbrook, P.R.3
  • 45
    • 0024507565 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory mechanics in acute quadriplegia. Lung and chest wall compliance and dimensional changes during respiratory maneuvers
    • Scanlon P.D., Loring S.H., Pichurko B.M., et al. Respiratory mechanics in acute quadriplegia. Lung and chest wall compliance and dimensional changes during respiratory maneuvers. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989, 139(3):615-620.
    • (1989) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.139 , Issue.3 , pp. 615-620
    • Scanlon, P.D.1    Loring, S.H.2    Pichurko, B.M.3
  • 46
    • 33751233799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory dysfunction and management in spinal cord injury
    • [discussion: 869-70]
    • Brown R., DiMarco A.F., Hoit J.D., et al. Respiratory dysfunction and management in spinal cord injury. Respir Care 2006, 51(8):853-868. [discussion: 869-70].
    • (2006) Respir Care , vol.51 , Issue.8 , pp. 853-868
    • Brown, R.1    DiMarco, A.F.2    Hoit, J.D.3
  • 47
    • 0029015454 scopus 로고
    • Bronchodilatory effects of ipratropium bromide in patients with tetraplegia
    • Almenoff P.L., Alexander L.R., Spungen A.M., et al. Bronchodilatory effects of ipratropium bromide in patients with tetraplegia. Paraplegia 1995, 33(5):274-277.
    • (1995) Paraplegia , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 274-277
    • Almenoff, P.L.1    Alexander, L.R.2    Spungen, A.M.3
  • 48
    • 0022919230 scopus 로고
    • The artificial ventilation of acute spinal cord damaged patients: a retrospective study of forty-four patients
    • Gardner B.P., Watt J.W., Krishnan K.R. The artificial ventilation of acute spinal cord damaged patients: a retrospective study of forty-four patients. Paraplegia 1986, 24(4):208-220.
    • (1986) Paraplegia , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 208-220
    • Gardner, B.P.1    Watt, J.W.2    Krishnan, K.R.3
  • 49
    • 0024042917 scopus 로고
    • Appropriate techniques for airway management of emergency patients with suspected spinal cord injury
    • Grande C.M., Barton C.R., Stene J.K. Appropriate techniques for airway management of emergency patients with suspected spinal cord injury. Anesth Analg 1988, 67(7):714-715.
    • (1988) Anesth Analg , vol.67 , Issue.7 , pp. 714-715
    • Grande, C.M.1    Barton, C.R.2    Stene, J.K.3
  • 50
    • 0028880951 scopus 로고
    • The safetyof orotracheal intubation in patients with unstable cervical spine fracture or high spinal cord injury
    • [discussion: 679-80]
    • Shatney C.H., Brunner R.D., Nguyen T.Q. The safetyof orotracheal intubation in patients with unstable cervical spine fracture or high spinal cord injury. Am J Surg 1995, 170(6):676-679. [discussion: 679-80].
    • (1995) Am J Surg , vol.170 , Issue.6 , pp. 676-679
    • Shatney, C.H.1    Brunner, R.D.2    Nguyen, T.Q.3
  • 51
    • 0025000349 scopus 로고
    • Early tracheostomy for primary airway management in the surgical critical care setting
    • Rodriguez J.L., Steinberg S.M., Luchetti F.A., et al. Early tracheostomy for primary airway management in the surgical critical care setting. Surgery 1990, 108(4):655-659.
    • (1990) Surgery , vol.108 , Issue.4 , pp. 655-659
    • Rodriguez, J.L.1    Steinberg, S.M.2    Luchetti, F.A.3
  • 53
    • 0027466159 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients: a cohort study evaluating attributable mortality and hospital stay
    • Fagon J.Y., Chastre J., Hance A.J., et al. Nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients: a cohort study evaluating attributable mortality and hospital stay. Am J Med 1993, 94(3):281-288.
    • (1993) Am J Med , vol.94 , Issue.3 , pp. 281-288
    • Fagon, J.Y.1    Chastre, J.2    Hance, A.J.3
  • 54
    • 0034058953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based assessment of diagnostic tests for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Executive summary
    • Grossman R.F., Fein A. Evidence-based assessment of diagnostic tests for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Executive summary. Chest 2000, 117(4 Suppl 2):177S-181S.
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117 , Issue.4 SUPPL. 2
    • Grossman, R.F.1    Fein, A.2
  • 55
    • 34548439465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of screening tests for deep venous thrombosis in asymptomatic adults with acute spinal cord injury: an evidence-based analysis
    • Furlan J.C., Fehlings M.G. Role of screening tests for deep venous thrombosis in asymptomatic adults with acute spinal cord injury: an evidence-based analysis. Spine 2007, 32(17):1908-1916.
    • (2007) Spine , vol.32 , Issue.17 , pp. 1908-1916
    • Furlan, J.C.1    Fehlings, M.G.2
  • 56
    • 0028018944 scopus 로고
    • Aprospective study of venous thromboembolism after major trauma
    • Geerts W.H., Code K.I., Jay R.M., et al. Aprospective study of venous thromboembolism after major trauma. NEngl J Med 1994, 331(24):1601-1606.
    • (1994) NEngl J Med , vol.331 , Issue.24 , pp. 1601-1606
    • Geerts, W.H.1    Code, K.I.2    Jay, R.M.3
  • 57
    • 0019961037 scopus 로고
    • Deep vein thrombosis in spinal cord injury: effect of prophylaxis with calf compression, aspirin, and dipyridamole
    • Green D., Rossi E.C., Yao J.S., et al. Deep vein thrombosis in spinal cord injury: effect of prophylaxis with calf compression, aspirin, and dipyridamole. Paraplegia 1982, 20(4):227-234.
    • (1982) Paraplegia , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 227-234
    • Green, D.1    Rossi, E.C.2    Yao, J.S.3
  • 58
    • 0023712219 scopus 로고
    • Deep vein thrombosis: prophylaxis in acute spinal cord injured patients
    • Merli G.J., Herbison G.J., Ditunno J.F., et al. Deep vein thrombosis: prophylaxis in acute spinal cord injured patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1988, 69(9):661-664.
    • (1988) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.69 , Issue.9 , pp. 661-664
    • Merli, G.J.1    Herbison, G.J.2    Ditunno, J.F.3
  • 59
    • 0036490795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep venous thrombosis and thromboembolism in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries
    • Deep venous thrombosis and thromboembolism in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries. Neurosurgery 2002, 50(Suppl 3):S73-S80.
    • (2002) Neurosurgery , vol.50 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
  • 60
    • 0029959067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary embolism: validation of spiral CT angiography in 149 patients
    • van Rossum A.B., Pattynama P.M., Ton E.R., et al. Pulmonary embolism: validation of spiral CT angiography in 149 patients. Radiology 1996, 201(2):467-470.
    • (1996) Radiology , vol.201 , Issue.2 , pp. 467-470
    • van Rossum, A.B.1    Pattynama, P.M.2    Ton, E.R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.