Component analysis of verbal fluency scores in severe traumatic brain injury

Brain Injury

Volumn 27, Issue 7-8, 2013, Pages 903-908

  Zakzanis, Konstantine K ^a   McDonald, Krysta ^a   Troyer, Angela K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Component analysis scores; Neuropsychology; Severe traumatic brain injury; Verbal fluency

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DISEASE DURATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; HUMAN; INJURY SEVERITY; MALE; RETROGRADE AMNESIA; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SPEECH; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY;

EID: 84879361889     PISSN: 02699052     EISSN: 1362301X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2013.775505     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Brooks DN, Hosie J, Bond MR, Jennett B, Aughton M. Cognitive sequelae of severe head-injury in relation to the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1986;49: 549-553. (Pubitemid 16106921)
2. Christensen BK, Colella B, Illness E, Hebert D, Monette G, Bayley M, Green RE. Recovery of cognitive function after traumatic brain injury: A multilevel modeling analysis of canadian outcomes. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2008;89:S3-S15.
3. Dikmen SS, Machamer JE, Winn HR, Temkin NR. Neuropsychological outcome at 1-year post head-injury. Neuropsychology 1995;9:80-90.
4. Henry JD, Crawford JR. A meta-analytic review of verbal fluency performance in patients with traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychology 2004;18:621-628. (Pubitemid 39363147)
5. Mathias JL, Mansfield KM. Prospective and declarative memory problems following moderate and severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 2005;19:271-282. (Pubitemid 40260101)
6. Mathias JL, Wheaton P. Changes in attention and informationprocessing speed following severe traumatic brain injury: A meta-analytic review. Neuropsychology 2007;21:212-223. (Pubitemid 46631103)
7. Skandsen T, Finnanger TG, Andersson S, Lydersen S, Brunner JF, Vik A. Cognitive impairment 3 months after moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: A prospective follow-up study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2010;91:1904-1913.
8. Stuss DT, Gow CA. 'Frontal Dysfunction' after traumatic brain injury. Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology 1992;5:272-282.
9. Vakil E. The effect of moderate to severe traumatic rain injury (TBI) on different aspects of memory: A selective review. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 2005;27:977-1021. (Pubitemid 41527533)
10. Willmott C, Ponsford J, Hocking C, Schoenberger M. Factors contributing to attentional impairments after traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychology 2009;23:424-432.
11. Bercaw EL, Hanks RA, Millis SR, Gola TJ. Changes in neuropsychological performance after traumatic brain injury from inpatient rehabilitation to 1-year follow-up in predicting 2-year functional outcomes. Clinical Neuropsychologist 2011;25:72-89.
12. Dikmen SS, Machamer JE, Powell JM, Temkin NR. Outcome 3 to 5 years after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2003;84:1449-1457. (Pubitemid 37237252)
13. Dikmen SS, Corrigan JD, Levin HS, Machamer J, Stiers W, Weisskopf MG. Cognitive outcome following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2009;24:430-438.
14. Benedictus MR, Spikman JM, van der Naalt J. Cognitive and behavioral impairment in traumatic brain injury related to outcome and return to work. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2010;91:1436-1441.
15. Cicerone KD, Langenbahn DM, Braden C, Malec JF, Kalmar K, Fraas M, Felicetti T, Laatsch L, Harley JP, Bergquist T, et al. Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: Updated review of the literature from 2003 through 2008. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2011;92:519-530.
16. Crepeau F, Scherzer P. Predictors and indicators of work status after traumatic brain injury: A meta-analysis. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 1993;3:5-35. (Pubitemid 23214091)
17. Dikmen SS, Temkin NR, Machamer JE, Holubkov AL, Fraser RT, Winn R. Employment following traumatic head injuries. Archives of Neurology 1994;51:177-186. (Pubitemid 24051581)
18. Ownsworth T, McKenna K. Investigation of factors related to employment outcome following traumatic brain injury: A critical review and conceptual model. Disability and Rehabilitation 2004; 26:765-784. (Pubitemid 39069735)
19. Rassovsky Y, Satz P, Alfano MS, Light RK, Zaucha K, McArthur DL, Hovda D. Functional outcome in TBI I: Neuropsychological, emotional, and behavioral mediators. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 2006;28:567-580.
20. Rassovsky Y, Satz P, Alfano MS, Light RK, Zaucha K, McArthur DL, Hovda D. Functional outcome in TBI II: Verbal memory and information processing speed mediators. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 2006;28:581-591.
21. Lezak MD, Howieson DB, Loring DW, Hannay HJ, Fischer JS. Neuropsychological assessment. 4th ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2004, p 1016.
22. Estes WK. Learning theory and intelligence. American Psychologist 1974;29:740.
23. Henry JD, Crawford JR. A meta-analytic review of verbal fluency performance following focal cortical lesions. Neuropsychology 2004;18:284-295. (Pubitemid 38520333)
24. Jurado MA, Mataro M, Verger K, Bartumeus F, Junque C. Phonemic and semantic fluencies in traumatic brain injury patients with focal frontal lesions. Brain Injury 2000;14:789-795.
25. Clifton GL, Hayes RL, Levin HS, Michel ME, Choi SC. Outcome measures for clinical trials involving traumatically brain-injured patients-Report of a conference. Neurosurgery 1992;31:975-978.
26. Mathias JL, Bigler ED, Jones NR, Bowden SC, Barrett-Woodbridge M, Brown GC, Taylor AJ. Neuropsychological and information processing performance and its relationship to white matter changes following moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: A preliminary study. Applied Neuropsychology 2004;11:134-152. (Pubitemid 39658446)
27. Zakzanis KK. Brain is related to behavior (p50.05). Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology 1998;20:419-427.
28. Zakzanis KK. Statistics to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth: Formulae, illustrative numerical examples, and heuristic interpretation of effect size analyses for neuropsychological researchers. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 2001;16:653-667. (Pubitemid 32799136)
29. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. New York: Erlbaum; 1988.
30. Morton N, Barker L. The contribution of injury severity, executive and implicit functions to awareness of deficits after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2010;16:1089-1098.
31. Loonstra AS, Tarlow AR, Sellers AH. COWAT metanorms across age, education, and gender. Applied Neuropsychology 2001;8: 161-166. (Pubitemid 32976968)
32. Troyer AK, Moscovitch M, Winocur G. Clustering and switching as two components of verbal fluency: Evidence from younger and older healthy adults. Neuropsychology 1997;11:138-146. (Pubitemid 27086868)
33. Lanting S, Haugrud N, Crossley M. The effect of age and sex on clustering and switching during speeded verbal fluency tasks. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2009;15: 196-204.
34. Troyer AK, Moscovitch M, Winocur G, Alexander MP, Stuss D. Clustering and switching on verbal fluency: The effects of focal frontal-and temporal-lobe lesions. Neuropsychologia 1998;36: 499-504. (Pubitemid 28342185)
35. Troyer AK, Moscovitch M, Winocur G, Leach L, Freedman M. Clustering and switching on verbal fluency tests in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 1998;4:137-143. (Pubitemid 28156088)
36. Ho AK, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW, Barker RA, Rosser AE, Hodges JR. Verbal fluency in Huntington's disease: A longitudinal analysis of phonemic and semantic clustering and switching. Neuropsychologia 2002;40:1277-1284. (Pubitemid 34249838)
37. Rich JB, Troyer AK, Bylsma FW, Brandt J. Longitudinal analysis of phonemic clustering and switching during word-list generation in Huntington's disease. Neuropsychology 1999;13:525-531. (Pubitemid 29474640)
38. Moore DJ, Savla GN, Woods SP, Jeste DV, Palmer BW. Verbal fluency impairments among middle-aged and older outpatients with schizophrenia are characterized by deficient switching. Schizophrenia Research 2006;87:254-260. (Pubitemid 44467856)
39. Robert PH, Lafont V, Medecin I, Berthet L, Thauby S, Baudu C, Darcourt G. Clustering and switching strategies in verbal fluency tasks: Comparison between schizophrenics and healthy adults. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 1998;4: 539-546. (Pubitemid 29043459)
40. Zakzanis KK, Troyer AK, Rich JB, Heinrichs W. Component analysis of verbal fluency in patients with schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology 2000;13:239-245.
41. Zakzanis KK, McDonald K, Troyer AK. Component analysis of verbal fluency in patients with mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 2011;33:785-792.
42. Vannorsdall TD, Cascella NG, Rao V, Pearlson GD, Gordon B, Schretlen DJ. A morphometric analysis of neuroanatomic abnormalities in traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2010;22:173-181.
43. Levine B, Kovacevic N, Nica EI, Cheung G, Gao F, Schwartz ML, Black SE. The Toronto traumatic brain injury study-Injury severity and quantified MRI. Neurology 2008;70:771-778.
44. Tombaugh TN, Tombaugh PW. Test of memory malingering TOMM. New York/Toronto: MHS; 1996.
45. Slick D, Hopp G, Strauss E, Thompson GB. VSVT, Victoria Symptom Validity Test: Version 1.0, Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources; 1997.
46. Rey A. Psychological examination of traumatic encephalopathy. Archives de Psychologie 1941;28:286-340.
47. Troyer AK. Normative data for clustering and switching on verbal fluency tasks. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 2000;22:370-378. (Pubitemid 30490253)
48. Zakzanis KK, Leach L, Kaplan E. Neuropsychological differential diagnosis. Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets and Zeitlinger Publishers; 1999.
49. Drake AI, Gray N, Yoder S, Pramuka M, Llewellyn M. Factors predicting return to work following mild traumatic brain injury: A discriminant analysis. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2000;15:1103-1112.