메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 159-182

Regional ecological variability and impact of the maritime fur trade on nearshore ecosystems in southern Haida Gwaii (British Columbia, Canada): Evidence from stable isotope analysis of rockfish (Sebastes spp.) bone collagen

Author keywords

Historical ecology; Maritime fur trade; Northwest coast; Sea otter (Enhydra lutris); Stable isotopes; Tropic cascade

Indexed keywords


EID: 84879151228     PISSN: 18669557     EISSN: 18669565     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12520-013-0122-y     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (30)

References (203)
  • 3
    • 0022848787 scopus 로고
    • The isotopic ecology of east African mammals
    • doi:10.1007/BF00377062
    • Ambrose SH, DeNiro MJ (1986) The isotopic ecology of east African mammals. Oecologia 69(3): 395-406. doi: 10. 1007/BF00377062.
    • (1986) Oecologia , vol.69 , Issue.3 , pp. 395-406
    • Ambrose, S.H.1    DeNiro, M.J.2
  • 5
    • 84879188858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report of the BTF workshop on reconstruction of the Hecate Strait Ecosystem
    • The Fisheries Centre, N. Haggan, A. Beattie, and D. Pauly (Eds.), Vancouver: University of British Columbia
    • Beattie A (1999) Report of the BTF workshop on reconstruction of the Hecate Strait Ecosystem. In: Haggan N, Beattie A, Pauly D (eds) Back to the future: reconstructing the Hecate Strait Ecosystem, vol. 7, vol 3, The Fisheries Centre. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, pp 1-12.
    • (1999) Back to the Future: Reconstructing the Hecate Strait Ecosystem , vol.3-7 , pp. 1-12
    • Beattie, A.1
  • 7
    • 0343032784 scopus 로고
    • Sea otters reestablished in British Columbia
    • Bigg MA, MacAskie IB (1978) Sea otters reestablished in British Columbia. J Mammal 59(4): 874-876.
    • (1978) J Mammal , vol.59 , Issue.4 , pp. 874-876
    • Bigg, M.A.1    MacAskie, I.B.2
  • 8
    • 0000648270 scopus 로고
    • Haida: traditional culture
    • Northwest Coast, W. Suttles (Ed.), Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution
    • Blackman M (1990) Haida: traditional culture. In: Suttles W (ed) Handbook of North American Indians, vol 7, Northwest Coast. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., pp 240-260.
    • (1990) Handbook of North American Indians , vol.7 , pp. 240-260
    • Blackman, M.1
  • 9
    • 33748425318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phytoplankton and macrophyte contributions to littoral food webs in the Galician upwelling estimated from stable isotopes
    • doi:10.3354/meps318089
    • Bode A, Alvarez-Ossorio MT, Varela M (2006) Phytoplankton and macrophyte contributions to littoral food webs in the Galician upwelling estimated from stable isotopes. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 318: 89-102. doi: 10. 3354/meps318089.
    • (2006) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.318 , pp. 89-102
    • Bode, A.1    Alvarez-Ossorio, M.T.2    Varela, M.3
  • 10
    • 0024258543 scopus 로고
    • Effects of kelp forest removal on associated fish assemblages in central California
    • doi:10.1016/0022-0981(88)90059-7
    • Bodkin JL (1988) Effects of kelp forest removal on associated fish assemblages in central California. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 117(3): 227-238. doi: 10. 1016/0022-0981(88)90059-7.
    • (1988) J Exp Mar Biol Ecol , vol.117 , Issue.3 , pp. 227-238
    • Bodkin, J.L.1
  • 12
    • 0007533907 scopus 로고
    • Changes in subtidal community structure associated with British Columbia sea otter transplants
    • Breen PA, Carson TA, Foster JB, Stewart EA (1982) Changes in subtidal community structure associated with British Columbia sea otter transplants. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 7: 13-20.
    • (1982) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.7 , pp. 13-20
    • Breen, P.A.1    Carson, T.A.2    Foster, J.B.3    Stewart, E.A.4
  • 13
    • 68049090761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial subsidy in the subtidal zone: utilization of drift algae by a deep subtidal sea urchin
    • doi:10.3354/ab00154
    • Britton-Simmons KH, Foley G, Okamoto D (2009) Spatial subsidy in the subtidal zone: utilization of drift algae by a deep subtidal sea urchin. Aquat Biol 5(3): 233-243. doi: 10. 3354/ab00154.
    • (2009) Aquat Biol , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 233-243
    • Britton-Simmons, K.H.1    Foley, G.2    Okamoto, D.3
  • 14
    • 0004244889 scopus 로고
    • Ontogenetic variations in the type and size of prey consumed by juvenile coho, Oncorhynchus kisutch, and chinook, O. tshawytscha, salmon
    • doi:10.1007/bf02028846
    • Brodeur RD (1991) Ontogenetic variations in the type and size of prey consumed by juvenile coho, Oncorhynchus kisutch, and chinook, O. tshawytscha, salmon. Environ Biol Fishes 30(3): 303-315. doi: 10. 1007/bf02028846.
    • (1991) Environ Biol Fishes , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 303-315
    • Brodeur, R.D.1
  • 15
    • 0026312641 scopus 로고
    • Available and refractory nitrogen in detritus of coastal vascular plants and macroalgae
    • Buchsbaum R, Valliela I, Swain T, Dzierzeski M, Allen S (1991) Available and refractory nitrogen in detritus of coastal vascular plants and macroalgae. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 72: 131-143.
    • (1991) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.72 , pp. 131-143
    • Buchsbaum, R.1    Valliela, I.2    Swain, T.3    Dzierzeski, M.4    Allen, S.5
  • 16
    • 0033383461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 concentration, and cell size on the stable carbon isotope fractionation in marine phytoplankton
    • doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(99)00217-3
    • 2 concentration, and cell size on the stable carbon isotope fractionation in marine phytoplankton. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63(22): 3729-3741. doi: 10. 1016/s0016-7037(99)00217-3.
    • (1999) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.63 , Issue.22 , pp. 3729-3741
    • Burkhardt, S.1    Riebesell, U.2    Zondervan, I.3
  • 17
    • 0034944261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holocene changes in the ecology of northern fur seals: insights from stable isotopes and archaeofauna
    • doi:10.1007/s004420100631
    • Burton RK, Snodgrass JJ, Gifford-Gonzalez D, Guilderson T, Brown T, Koch PL (2001) Holocene changes in the ecology of northern fur seals: insights from stable isotopes and archaeofauna. Oecologia 128(1): 107-115. doi: 10. 1007/s004420100631.
    • (2001) Oecologia , vol.128 , Issue.1 , pp. 107-115
    • Burton, R.K.1    Snodgrass, J.J.2    Gifford-Gonzalez, D.3    Guilderson, T.4    Brown, T.5    Koch, P.L.6
  • 18
    • 0030088525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dependence of intertidal consumers on kelp-derived organic matter on the west coast of South Africa
    • doi:10.1016/0022-0981(95)00093-3
    • Bustamante RH, Branch GM (1996a) The dependence of intertidal consumers on kelp-derived organic matter on the west coast of South Africa. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 196(1-2): 1-28. doi: 10. 1016/0022-0981(95)00093-3.
    • (1996) J Exp Mar Biol Ecol , vol.196 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-28
    • Bustamante, R.H.1    Branch, G.M.2
  • 19
    • 0030304962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large scale patterns and trophic structure of southern African rocky shores: the roles of geographic variation and wave exposure
    • doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.1996.00026.x
    • Bustamante RH, Branch GM (1996b) Large scale patterns and trophic structure of southern African rocky shores: the roles of geographic variation and wave exposure. J Biogeogr 23(3): 339-351. doi: 10. 1046/j. 1365-2699. 1996. 00026. x.
    • (1996) J Biogeogr , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 339-351
    • Bustamante, R.H.1    Branch, G.M.2
  • 20
    • 0028980873 scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of an exceptional intertidal grazer biomass in South Africa: subsidy by subtidal kelps
    • doi:10.2307/1941704
    • Bustamante RH, Branch GM, Eekhout S (1995) Maintenance of an exceptional intertidal grazer biomass in South Africa: subsidy by subtidal kelps. Ecology 76(7): 2314-2329. doi: 10. 2307/1941704.
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , Issue.7 , pp. 2314-2329
    • Bustamante, R.H.1    Branch, G.M.2    Eekhout, S.3
  • 22
    • 0024527654 scopus 로고
    • Effects of macroalgal assemblages on the recruitment of temperate zone reef fishes
    • doi:10.1016/0022-0981(89)90124-x
    • Carr MH (1989) Effects of macroalgal assemblages on the recruitment of temperate zone reef fishes. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 126(1): 59-76. doi: 10. 1016/0022-0981(89)90124-x.
    • (1989) J Exp Mar Biol Ecol , vol.126 , Issue.1 , pp. 59-76
    • Carr, M.H.1
  • 23
    • 0026063480 scopus 로고
    • Habitat selection and recruitment of an assemblage of temperate zone reef fishes
    • doi:10.1016/0022-0981(91)90257-W
    • Carr MH (1991) Habitat selection and recruitment of an assemblage of temperate zone reef fishes. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 146(1): 113-137. doi: 10. 1016/0022-0981(91)90257-W.
    • (1991) J Exp Mar Biol Ecol , vol.146 , Issue.1 , pp. 113-137
    • Carr, M.H.1
  • 24
    • 0028181289 scopus 로고
    • Effects of macroalgal dynamics on recruitment of a temperate reef fish
    • doi:10.2307/1937457
    • Carr MH (1994) Effects of macroalgal dynamics on recruitment of a temperate reef fish. Ecology 75(5): 1320-1333. doi: 10. 2307/1937457.
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , Issue.5 , pp. 1320-1333
    • Carr, M.H.1
  • 25
    • 0032857267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Browsing and grazing in elephants: the isotope record of modern and fossil Proboscideans
    • doi:10.1007/s004420050869
    • Cerling TE, Harris JM, Leakey MG (1999) Browsing and grazing in elephants: the isotope record of modern and fossil Proboscideans. Oecologia 120(3): 364-374. doi: 10. 1007/s004420050869.
    • (1999) Oecologia , vol.120 , Issue.3 , pp. 364-374
    • Cerling, T.E.1    Harris, J.M.2    Leakey, M.G.3
  • 26
    • 33846945051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographical variation in carbon stable isotope signatures of marine predators: a tool to investigate their foraging areas in the Southern Ocean
    • doi:10.3354/meps329281
    • Cherel Y, Hobson KA (2007) Geographical variation in carbon stable isotope signatures of marine predators: a tool to investigate their foraging areas in the Southern Ocean. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 329: 281-287. doi: 10. 3354/meps329281.
    • (2007) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.329 , pp. 281-287
    • Cherel, Y.1    Hobson, K.A.2
  • 27
    • 0043265000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species distribution and habitat exploitation of fauna associated with kelp (Laminaria Hyperborea) along the Norwegian Coast
    • doi:10.1017/S0025315403007653h
    • Christie H, Jørgensen NM, Norderhaug KM, Waage-Nielsen E (2003) Species distribution and habitat exploitation of fauna associated with kelp (Laminaria Hyperborea) along the Norwegian Coast. J Mar Biol Assoc U K 83(04): 687-699. doi: 10. 1017/S0025315403007653h.
    • (2003) J Mar Biol Assoc U K , vol.83 , Issue.4 , pp. 687-699
    • Christie, H.1    Jørgensen, N.M.2    Norderhaug, K.M.3    Waage-Nielsen, E.4
  • 28
    • 0035169989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiating aquatic mammal habitat and foraging ecology with stable isotopes in tooth enamel
    • doi:10.1007/s004420100745
    • Clementz MT, Koch PL (2001) Differentiating aquatic mammal habitat and foraging ecology with stable isotopes in tooth enamel. Oecologia 129(3): 461-472. doi: 10. 1007/s004420100745.
    • (2001) Oecologia , vol.129 , Issue.3 , pp. 461-472
    • Clementz, M.T.1    Koch, P.L.2
  • 29
    • 44449095300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History and behavioral ecology during the middle-late transition on the Central California Coast: findings from the Coon Creek Site (CA-SLO-9), San Luis Obispo County
    • Codding BF, Jones TL (2007) History and behavioral ecology during the middle-late transition on the Central California Coast: findings from the Coon Creek Site (CA-SLO-9), San Luis Obispo County. J Calif Gt Basin Anthropol 27(2): 125-151.
    • (2007) J Calif Gt Basin Anthropol , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 125-151
    • Codding, B.F.1    Jones, T.L.2
  • 30
    • 33748202155 scopus 로고
    • Prehistoric animal exploitation, environmental change, and emergent complexity on Santa Cruz Island, California
    • W. L. Halvorson and G. J. Maender (Eds.), Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
    • Colten RH (1994) Prehistoric animal exploitation, environmental change, and emergent complexity on Santa Cruz Island, California. In: Halvorson WL, Maender GJ (eds) The fourth California Islands Symposium: update on the status of resources. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, pp 201-214.
    • (1994) The Fourth California Islands Symposium: Update on the Status of Resources , pp. 201-214
    • Colten, R.H.1
  • 32
    • 84952543091 scopus 로고
    • Water transport through Hecate Strait, British Columbia
    • doi:10.1080/07055900.1988.9649305
    • Crawford WR, Huggett WS, Woodward MJ (1988) Water transport through Hecate Strait, British Columbia. Atmosphere-Ocean 26(3): 301-320. doi: 10. 1080/07055900. 1988. 9649305.
    • (1988) Atmosphere-Ocean , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 301-320
    • Crawford, W.R.1    Huggett, W.S.2    Woodward, M.J.3
  • 33
    • 0000277970 scopus 로고
    • Physical oceanography of the western Canadian continental shelf
    • doi:10.1016/0278-4343(91)90073-f
    • Crawford WR, Thomson RE (1991) Physical oceanography of the western Canadian continental shelf. Cont Shelf Res 11: 669-683. doi: 10. 1016/0278-4343(91)90073-f.
    • (1991) Cont Shelf Res , vol.11 , pp. 669-683
    • Crawford, W.R.1    Thomson, R.E.2
  • 34
    • 21344460431 scopus 로고
    • Oceanographic features of Hecate Strait and Queen Charlotte Sound in summer
    • doi:10.1080/07055900.1995.9649549
    • Crawford WR, Woodward MJ, Foreman MGG, Thomson RE (1995) Oceanographic features of Hecate Strait and Queen Charlotte Sound in summer. Atmosphere-Ocean 33(4): 639-681. doi: 10. 1080/07055900. 1995. 9649549.
    • (1995) Atmosphere-Ocean , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 639-681
    • Crawford, W.R.1    Woodward, M.J.2    Foreman, M.G.G.3    Thomson, R.E.4
  • 36
    • 78650102058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontogenetic diet shifts in the reef fish Pseudanthias rubrizonatus from isolated populations on the north-west shelf of Australia
    • doi:10.3354/meps08827
    • Cummings D, Booth D, Lee R, Simpson S, Pile A (2010) Ontogenetic diet shifts in the reef fish Pseudanthias rubrizonatus from isolated populations on the north-west shelf of Australia. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 419: 211-222. doi: 10. 3354/meps08827.
    • (2010) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.419 , pp. 211-222
    • Cummings, D.1    Booth, D.2    Lee, R.3    Simpson, S.4    Pile, A.5
  • 37
    • 0034088106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution of nearshore fishes in kelp and eelgrass communities in Prince William Sound, Alaska: associations with vegetation and physical habitat characteristics
    • doi:10.1023/a:1007652730085
    • Dean TA, Haldorson L, Laur DR, Jewett SC, Blanchard A (2000) The distribution of nearshore fishes in kelp and eelgrass communities in Prince William Sound, Alaska: associations with vegetation and physical habitat characteristics. Environ Biol Fishes 57(3): 271-287. doi: 10. 1023/a: 1007652730085.
    • (2000) Environ Biol Fishes , vol.57 , Issue.3 , pp. 271-287
    • Dean, T.A.1    Haldorson, L.2    Laur, D.R.3    Jewett, S.C.4    Blanchard, A.5
  • 38
    • 0025629008 scopus 로고
    • Effects of giant kelp (Macrocystis) on the density and abundance of fishes in a cobble-bottom kelp forest
    • DeMartini EE, Roberts DA (1990) Effects of giant kelp (Macrocystis) on the density and abundance of fishes in a cobble-bottom kelp forest. Bull Mar Sci 46: 287-300.
    • (1990) Bull Mar Sci , vol.46 , pp. 287-300
    • DeMartini, E.E.1    Roberts, D.A.2
  • 39
    • 0022213609 scopus 로고
    • Postmortem preservation and alteration of in vivo bone collagen isotope ratios in relation to palaeodietary reconstruction
    • doi:10.1038/317806a0
    • DeNiro MJ (1985) Postmortem preservation and alteration of in vivo bone collagen isotope ratios in relation to palaeodietary reconstruction. Nature 317(6040): 806-809. doi: 10. 1038/317806a0.
    • (1985) Nature , vol.317 , Issue.6040 , pp. 806-809
    • DeNiro, M.J.1
  • 40
    • 27944469791 scopus 로고
    • Influence of diet on the distribution of carbon isotopes in animals
    • doi:10.1016/0016-7037(78)90199-0
    • DeNiro MJ, Epstein S (1978) Influence of diet on the distribution of carbon isotopes in animals. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 42(5): 495-506. doi: 10. 1016/0016-7037(78)90199-0.
    • (1978) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.42 , Issue.5 , pp. 495-506
    • DeNiro, M.J.1    Epstein, S.2
  • 42
    • 0000225823 scopus 로고
    • Kelp beds and sea otters: an experimental approach
    • doi:10.2307/1937405
    • Duggins DO (1980) Kelp beds and sea otters: an experimental approach. Ecology 61(3): 447-453. doi: 10. 2307/1937405.
    • (1980) Ecology , vol.61 , Issue.3 , pp. 447-453
    • Duggins, D.O.1
  • 43
    • 0030609585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is kelp detritus a good food for suspension feeders? Effects of kelp species, age and secondary metabolites
    • doi:10.1007/s002270050115
    • Duggins DO, Eckman JE (1997) Is kelp detritus a good food for suspension feeders? Effects of kelp species, age and secondary metabolites. Mar Biol 128(3): 489-495. doi: 10. 1007/s002270050115.
    • (1997) Mar Biol , vol.128 , Issue.3 , pp. 489-495
    • Duggins, D.O.1    Eckman, J.E.2
  • 44
    • 0024910695 scopus 로고
    • Magnification of secondary production by kelp detritus in coastal marine ecosystems
    • doi:10.1126/science.245.4914.170
    • Duggins DO, Simenstad CA, Estes JA (1989) Magnification of secondary production by kelp detritus in coastal marine ecosystems. Science 245(4914): 170-173. doi: 10. 1126/science. 245. 4914. 170.
    • (1989) Science , vol.245 , Issue.4914 , pp. 170-173
    • Duggins, D.O.1    Simenstad, C.A.2    Estes, J.A.3
  • 45
    • 33746012192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 13C measurements of Antarctic Peninsula Fauna: trophic relationships and assimilation of benthic seaweeds
    • doi:10.1668/0003-1569(2001)041[0099:NACMOA]2.0.CO;2
    • 13C measurements of Antarctic Peninsula Fauna: trophic relationships and assimilation of benthic seaweeds. Am Zool 41(1): 99-112. doi: 10. 1668/0003-1569(2001)041[0099: NACMOA]2. 0. CO;2.
    • (2001) Am Zool , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 99-112
    • Dunton, K.H.1
  • 47
    • 0001734846 scopus 로고
    • 13C evidence
    • doi:10.1007/bf00392799
    • 13C evidence. Mar Biol 93(4): 615-625. doi: 10. 1007/bf00392799.
    • (1987) Mar Biol , vol.93 , Issue.4 , pp. 615-625
    • Dunton, K.H.1    Schell, D.M.2
  • 48
    • 0022203776 scopus 로고
    • The influence of plant cover on surfperch abundance at an offshore temperate reef
    • doi:10.1007/BF00005148
    • Ebeling AW, Laur DR (1985) The influence of plant cover on surfperch abundance at an offshore temperate reef. Environ Biol Fishes 12(3): 169-179. doi: 10. 1007/BF00005148.
    • (1985) Environ Biol Fishes , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 169-179
    • Ebeling, A.W.1    Laur, D.R.2
  • 49
    • 0024190488 scopus 로고
    • Fish populations in kelp forests without sea otters: effects of severe storm damage and destructive sea urchin grazing
    • Ecological Studies, G. R. VanBlaricom and J. A. Estes (Eds.), Berlin: Springer-Verlag
    • Ebeling AW, Laur DR (1988) Fish populations in kelp forests without sea otters: effects of severe storm damage and destructive sea urchin grazing. In: VanBlaricom GR, Estes JA (eds) The community ecology of sea otters, vol 65, Ecological Studies. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 169-191.
    • (1988) The Community Ecology of Sea Otters , vol.65 , pp. 169-191
    • Ebeling, A.W.1    Laur, D.R.2
  • 50
    • 77952710354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Archaeology meets marine ecology: the antiquity of maritime cultures and human impacts on marine fisheries and ecosystems
    • doi:10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163749
    • Erlandson JM, Rick TC (2009) Archaeology meets marine ecology: the antiquity of maritime cultures and human impacts on marine fisheries and ecosystems. Annu Rev Mar Sci 2(1): 231-251. doi: 10. 1146/annurev. marine. 010908. 163749.
    • (2009) Annu Rev Mar Sci , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 231-251
    • Erlandson, J.M.1    Rick, T.C.2
  • 51
    • 0028976890 scopus 로고
    • Sea otters and kelp forests in Alaska: generality and variation in a community ecological paradigm
    • doi:10.2307/2937159
    • Estes JA, Duggins DO (1995) Sea otters and kelp forests in Alaska: generality and variation in a community ecological paradigm. Ecol Monogr 65(1): 75-100. doi: 10. 2307/2937159.
    • (1995) Ecol Monogr , vol.65 , Issue.1 , pp. 75-100
    • Estes, J.A.1    Duggins, D.O.2
  • 52
    • 0020457805 scopus 로고
    • Activity and prey selection in the sea otter: influence of population status on community structure
    • Estes JA, Jameson RJ, Rhode EB (1982) Activity and prey selection in the sea otter: influence of population status on community structure. Am Nat 120(2): 242-258.
    • (1982) Am Nat , vol.120 , Issue.2 , pp. 242-258
    • Estes, J.A.1    Jameson, R.J.2    Rhode, E.B.3
  • 53
    • 9244225332 scopus 로고
    • Sea otters: their role in structuring nearshore communities
    • doi:10.1126/science.185.4156.1058
    • Estes JA, Palmisano JF (1974) Sea otters: their role in structuring nearshore communities. Science 185(4156): 1058-1060. doi: 10. 1126/science. 185. 4156. 1058.
    • (1974) Science , vol.185 , Issue.4156 , pp. 1058-1060
    • Estes, J.A.1    Palmisano, J.F.2
  • 54
    • 0001432192 scopus 로고
    • Sea otter predation and community organization in the western Aleutian Islands, Alaska
    • doi:10.2307/1938786
    • Estes JA, Smith NS, Palmisano JF (1978) Sea otter predation and community organization in the western Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Ecology 59(4): 822-833. doi: 10. 2307/1938786.
    • (1978) Ecology , vol.59 , Issue.4 , pp. 822-833
    • Estes, J.A.1    Smith, N.S.2    Palmisano, J.F.3
  • 56
    • 0002064854 scopus 로고
    • Organization of macroalgal assemblages in the Northeast Pacific: the assumption of homogeneity and the illusion of generality
    • doi:10.1007/BF00006225
    • Foster MS (1990) Organization of macroalgal assemblages in the Northeast Pacific: the assumption of homogeneity and the illusion of generality. Hydrobiologia 192(1): 21-33. doi: 10. 1007/BF00006225.
    • (1990) Hydrobiologia , vol.192 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-33
    • Foster, M.S.1
  • 57
    • 0024229452 scopus 로고
    • Kelp communities and sea otters: keystone species or just another brick in the wall?
    • Ecological studies, G. R. VanBlaricom and J. A. Estes (Eds.), Berlin: Springer
    • Foster MS, Schiel DR (1988) Kelp communities and sea otters: keystone species or just another brick in the wall? In: VanBlaricom GR, Estes JA (eds) The community ecology of sea otters, vol 65, Ecological studies. Springer, Berlin, pp 92-115.
    • (1988) The Community Ecology of Sea Otters , vol.65 , pp. 92-115
    • Foster, M.S.1    Schiel, D.R.2
  • 58
    • 77956183647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of predators and the collapse of southern California kelp forests (?): alternatives, explanations and generalizations
    • doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2010.07.002
    • Foster MS, Schiel DR (2010) Loss of predators and the collapse of southern California kelp forests (?): alternatives, explanations and generalizations. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 393(1-2): 59-70. doi: 10. 1016/j. jembe. 2010. 07. 002.
    • (2010) J Exp Mar Biol Ecol , vol.393 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 59-70
    • Foster, M.S.1    Schiel, D.R.2
  • 59
    • 0029545063 scopus 로고
    • Carbon-13 enrichment in benthic compared to planktonic algae: foodweb implications
    • doi:10.3354/meps124307
    • France RL (1995) Carbon-13 enrichment in benthic compared to planktonic algae: foodweb implications. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 124: 307-312. doi: 10. 3354/meps124307.
    • (1995) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.124 , pp. 307-312
    • France, R.L.1
  • 60
    • 34748819771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of vertebrate fauna from Ts'ishaa village, DfSi 16, Benson Island
    • McMillan AD, Claire DE (eds), Archaeology Press, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby
    • Frederick G, Crockford SJ (2005) Analysis of vertebrate fauna from Ts'ishaa village, DfSi 16, Benson Island. In: McMillan AD, Claire DE (eds) Ts'ishaa: archaeology and ethnography of a Nuu-chah-nulth origin site in Barkley Sound. Archaeology Press, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, pp 173-205.
    • (2005) Ts'ishaa: Archaeology and ethnography of a Nuu-chah-nulth origin site in Barkley Sound , pp. 173-205
    • Frederick, G.1    Crockford, S.J.2
  • 61
    • 0242276038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 15N) analysis
    • doi:10.3354/meps260071
    • 15N) analysis. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 260: 71-81. doi: 10. 3354/meps260071.
    • (2003) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.260 , pp. 71-81
    • Fredriksen, S.1
  • 63
    • 79954728239 scopus 로고
    • The maritime trade of the north Pacific coast
    • History of Indian-White Relations, W. E. Washburn (Ed.), Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution
    • Gibson JR (1988) The maritime trade of the north Pacific coast. In: Washburn WE (ed) Handbook of North American Indians, vol 4, History of Indian-White Relations. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., pp 375-390.
    • (1988) Handbook of North American Indians , vol.4 , pp. 375-390
    • Gibson, J.R.1
  • 64
    • 0029538378 scopus 로고
    • Prehistoric native American fisheries of the Central California Coast
    • Gobalet KW, Jones TL (1995) Prehistoric native American fisheries of the Central California Coast. Trans Am Fish Soc 124: 813-823.
    • (1995) Trans Am Fish Soc , vol.124 , pp. 813-823
    • Gobalet, K.W.1    Jones, T.L.2
  • 65
    • 0024528261 scopus 로고
    • The colonisation and degradation of stranded Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C. Ag. by the macrofauna of a New Zealand sandy beach
    • doi:10.1016/0022-0981(89)90097-x
    • Graeme I (1989) The colonisation and degradation of stranded Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C. Ag. by the macrofauna of a New Zealand sandy beach. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 125(3): 203-217. doi: 10. 1016/0022-0981(89)90097-x.
    • (1989) J Exp Mar Biol Ecol , vol.125 , Issue.3 , pp. 203-217
    • Graeme, I.1
  • 66
    • 39449097195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating carrying capacity for sea otters in British Columbia
    • doi:10.2193/2006-518
    • Gregr EJ, Nichol LM, Watson JC, Ford JKB, Ellis GM (2008) Estimating carrying capacity for sea otters in British Columbia. J Wildl Manag 72(2): 382-388. doi: 10. 2193/2006-518.
    • (2008) J Wildl Manag , vol.72 , Issue.2 , pp. 382-388
    • Gregr, E.J.1    Nichol, L.M.2    Watson, J.C.3    Ford, J.K.B.4    Ellis, G.M.5
  • 67
    • 0022238210 scopus 로고
    • Differential utilization of space and food by the inshore rockfishes (Scorpaenidae: Sebastes) of Carmel Bay, California
    • doi:10.1007/BF00002762
    • Hallacher L, Roberts D (1985) Differential utilization of space and food by the inshore rockfishes (Scorpaenidae: Sebastes) of Carmel Bay, California. Environ Biol Fishes 12(2): 91-110. doi: 10. 1007/BF00002762.
    • (1985) Environ Biol Fishes , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 91-110
    • Hallacher, L.1    Roberts, D.2
  • 69
    • 85006941096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Site fidelity and movement of eight species of Pacific rockfish at a high-relief rocky reef on the Oregon Coast
    • doi:10.1080/02755947.2011.591239
    • Hannah RW, Rankin PS (2011) Site fidelity and movement of eight species of Pacific rockfish at a high-relief rocky reef on the Oregon Coast. N Am J Fish Manag 31(3): 483-494. doi: 10. 1080/02755947. 2011. 591239.
    • (2011) N Am J Fish Manag , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 483-494
    • Hannah, R.W.1    Rankin, P.S.2
  • 70
    • 84857121414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sea otter (Enhydra lutris) scarcity in the strait of Georgia, British Columbia
    • Gerlach SC, Murray MS (eds), British Archaeological Reports International Series 944. Archaeopress, Oxford
    • Hanson DK, Kusmer KD (2001) Sea otter (Enhydra lutris) scarcity in the strait of Georgia, British Columbia. In: Gerlach SC, Murray MS (eds) People and Wildlife in Northern North America: Essays in honor of R. Dale Guthrie. British Archaeological Reports International Series 944. Archaeopress, Oxford, pp 58-66.
    • (2001) People and Wildlife in Northern North America: Essays in honor of R. Dale Guthrie , pp. 58-66
    • Hanson, D.K.1    Kusmer, K.D.2
  • 71
    • 83755225850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable isotope study of hunter-gatherer-fisher diet, mobility, and intensification on the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain
    • Hard RJ, Katzenberg MA (2011) Stable isotope study of hunter-gatherer-fisher diet, mobility, and intensification on the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain. Am Antiq 76(4): 709-751.
    • (2011) Am Antiq , vol.76 , Issue.4 , pp. 709-751
    • Hard, R.J.1    Katzenberg, M.A.2
  • 72
    • 0000921351 scopus 로고
    • The isotopic composition of carbon and nitrogen in individual amino acids isolated from modern and fossil proteins
    • doi:10.1016/0305-4403(91)90066-X
    • Hare PE, Fogel ML, Stafford TW, Mitchell AD, Hoering TC (1991) The isotopic composition of carbon and nitrogen in individual amino acids isolated from modern and fossil proteins. J Archaeol Sci 18(3): 277-292. doi: 10. 1016/0305-4403(91)90066-X.
    • (1991) J Archaeol Sci , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 277-292
    • Hare, P.E.1    Fogel, M.L.2    Stafford, T.W.3    Mitchell, A.D.4    Hoering, T.C.5
  • 74
    • 84879153524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Living Marine Legacy of Gwaii Haanas V: Coastal Zone Values and Management around Haida Gwaii
    • N. A. Sloan (Ed.), Queen Charlotte: Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site
    • Harper JR, Morris MC (2006) Living Marine Legacy of Gwaii Haanas V: Coastal Zone Values and Management around Haida Gwaii. In: Sloan NA (ed) Coastal thematic summaries. Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site, Queen Charlotte, pp 181-215.
    • (2006) Coastal Thematic Summaries , pp. 181-215
    • Harper, J.R.1    Morris, M.C.2
  • 76
    • 53449085706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 15N biogeographic trends in rocky intertidal communities along the coast of South Africa: evidence of strong environmental signatures
    • doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2008.08.005
    • 15N biogeographic trends in rocky intertidal communities along the coast of South Africa: evidence of strong environmental signatures. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 80(2): 261-268. doi: 10. 1016/j. ecss. 2008. 08. 005.
    • (2008) Estuar Coast Shelf Sci , vol.80 , Issue.2 , pp. 261-268
    • Hill, J.M.1    McQuaid, C.D.2
  • 77
    • 33748420397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biogeographic and nearshore-offshore trends in isotope ratios of intertidal mussels and their food sources around the coast of southern Africa
    • doi:10.3354/meps318063
    • Hill JM, McQuaid CD, Kaehler S (2006) Biogeographic and nearshore-offshore trends in isotope ratios of intertidal mussels and their food sources around the coast of southern Africa. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 318: 63-73. doi: 10. 3354/meps318063.
    • (2006) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.318 , pp. 63-73
    • Hill, J.M.1    McQuaid, C.D.2    Kaehler, S.3
  • 78
    • 0001100223 scopus 로고
    • Competitive interactions between California reef fishes of the genus Embiotoca
    • doi:10.2307/1936761
    • Hixon MA (1980) Competitive interactions between California reef fishes of the genus Embiotoca. Ecology 61(4): 918-931. doi: 10. 2307/1936761.
    • (1980) Ecology , vol.61 , Issue.4 , pp. 918-931
    • Hixon, M.A.1
  • 79
    • 0028162890 scopus 로고
    • Using stable isotopes to determine seabird trophic relationships
    • Hobson KA, Piatt JF, Pitocchelli J (1994) Using stable isotopes to determine seabird trophic relationships. J Anim Ecol 63(4): 786-798.
    • (1994) J Anim Ecol , vol.63 , Issue.4 , pp. 786-798
    • Hobson, K.A.1    Piatt, J.F.2    Pitocchelli, J.3
  • 80
    • 0025600620 scopus 로고
    • Effect of giant kelp on local abundance of reef fishes: the importance of ontogenetic resource requirements
    • Holbrook SJ, Carr MH, Schmitt RJ, Coyer JA (1990) Effect of giant kelp on local abundance of reef fishes: the importance of ontogenetic resource requirements. Bull Mar Sci 47: 104-114.
    • (1990) Bull Mar Sci , vol.47 , pp. 104-114
    • Holbrook, S.J.1    Carr, M.H.2    Schmitt, R.J.3    Coyer, J.A.4
  • 81
    • 0001968157 scopus 로고
    • Experimental analyses of patch selection by foraging black surfperch (Embiotoca jacksoni Agazzi)
    • doi:10.1016/0022-0981(84)90029-7
    • Holbrook SJ, Schmitt RJ (1984) Experimental analyses of patch selection by foraging black surfperch (Embiotoca jacksoni Agazzi). J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 79(1): 39-64. doi: 10. 1016/0022-0981(84)90029-7.
    • (1984) J Exp Mar Biol Ecol , vol.79 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-64
    • Holbrook, S.J.1    Schmitt, R.J.2
  • 82
    • 0033858614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water motion, marine macroalgal physiology, and production
    • doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2000.99139.x
    • Hurd CL (2000) Water motion, marine macroalgal physiology, and production. J Phycol 36(3): 453-472. doi: 10. 1046/j. 1529-8817. 2000. 99139. x.
    • (2000) J Phycol , vol.36 , Issue.3 , pp. 453-472
    • Hurd, C.L.1
  • 84
    • 0003029584 scopus 로고
    • History and status of translocated sea otter populations in North America
    • Jameson RJ, Kenyon KW, Johnson AM, Wight HM (1982) History and status of translocated sea otter populations in North America. Wildl Soc Bull 10(2): 100-107.
    • (1982) Wildl Soc Bull , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 100-107
    • Jameson, R.J.1    Kenyon, K.W.2    Johnson, A.M.3    Wight, H.M.4
  • 85
    • 2342419619 scopus 로고
    • Red sea urchins and kelp in northern British Columbia
    • H. R. Skjoldal, C. Hopkins, K. E. Erikstad, and H. P. Leinaas (Eds.), Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Jamieson GS, Campbell A (1995) Red sea urchins and kelp in northern British Columbia. In: Skjoldal HR, Hopkins C, Erikstad KE, Leinaas HP (eds) Ecology of fjords and coastal waters. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 537-547.
    • (1995) Ecology of Fjords and Coastal Waters , pp. 537-547
    • Jamieson, G.S.1    Campbell, A.2
  • 86
    • 33646751428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predation, habitat complexity, and variation in density-dependent mortality of temperate reef fishes
    • doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1179:phcavi]2.0.co;2
    • Johnson DW (2006) Predation, habitat complexity, and variation in density-dependent mortality of temperate reef fishes. Ecology 87(5): 1179-1188. doi: 10. 1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1179: phcavi]2. 0. co;2.
    • (2006) Ecology , vol.87 , Issue.5 , pp. 1179-1188
    • Johnson, D.W.1
  • 87
    • 0038345884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution, habitat, and behavior of rockfishes, Sebastes spp., in nearshore waters of Southeastern Alaska: observations from a remotely operated vehicle
    • doi:10.1023/a:1023981908146
    • Johnson SW, Murphy ML, Csepp DJ (2003) Distribution, habitat, and behavior of rockfishes, Sebastes spp., in nearshore waters of Southeastern Alaska: observations from a remotely operated vehicle. Environ Biol Fishes 66(3): 259-270. doi: 10. 1023/a: 1023981908146.
    • (2003) Environ Biol Fishes , vol.66 , Issue.3 , pp. 259-270
    • Johnson, S.W.1    Murphy, M.L.2    Csepp, D.J.3
  • 89
    • 74249111389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Another trans-Holocene sequence from Diablo Canyon: new faunal and radiocarbon findings from CA-SLO-585, San Luis Obispo County, California
    • Jones TL, Garza SC, Porcasi JF, Gaeta JW (2009) Another trans-Holocene sequence from Diablo Canyon: new faunal and radiocarbon findings from CA-SLO-585, San Luis Obispo County, California. J of Calif and Great Basin Anthropol 29(1): 19-31.
    • (2009) J of Calif and Great Basin Anthropol , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-31
    • Jones, T.L.1    Garza, S.C.2    Porcasi, J.F.3    Gaeta, J.W.4
  • 90
    • 44249093975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Diablo Canyon Fauna: a coarse-grained record of trans-holocene foraging from the Central California Mainland Coast
    • Jones TL, Porcasi JF, Gaeta JW, Codding BF (2008) The Diablo Canyon Fauna: a coarse-grained record of trans-holocene foraging from the Central California Mainland Coast. Am Antiq 73(2): 289-316.
    • (2008) Am Antiq , vol.73 , Issue.2 , pp. 289-316
    • Jones, T.L.1    Porcasi, J.F.2    Gaeta, J.W.3    Codding, B.F.4
  • 92
    • 33746653366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trophic importance of kelp-derived suspended particulate matter in a through-flow sub-Antarctic system
    • doi:10.3354/meps316017
    • Kaehler S, Pakhomov EA, Kalin RM, Davis S (2006) Trophic importance of kelp-derived suspended particulate matter in a through-flow sub-Antarctic system. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 316: 17-22. doi: 10. 3354/meps316017.
    • (2006) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.316 , pp. 17-22
    • Kaehler, S.1    Pakhomov, E.A.2    Kalin, R.M.3    Davis, S.4
  • 93
    • 39649089804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food web structure of a restored macroalgal bed in the eastern Korean peninsula determined by C and N stable isotope analyses
    • doi:10.1007/s00227-007-0890-y
    • Kang C-K, Choy E, Son Y, Lee J-Y, Kim J, Kim Y, Lee K-S (2008) Food web structure of a restored macroalgal bed in the eastern Korean peninsula determined by C and N stable isotope analyses. Mar Biol 153(6): 1181-1198. doi: 10. 1007/s00227-007-0890-y.
    • (2008) Mar Biol , vol.153 , Issue.6 , pp. 1181-1198
    • Kang, C.-K.1    Choy, E.2    Son, Y.3    Lee, J.-Y.4    Kim, J.5    Kim, Y.6    Lee, K.-S.7
  • 94
    • 0141959861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trophic importance of benthic microalgae to macrozoobenthos in coastal bay systems in Korea: dual stable C and N isotope analyses
    • doi:10.3354/meps259079
    • Kang C-K, Kim JB, Lee K-S, Kim JB, Lee P-Y, Hong J-S (2003) Trophic importance of benthic microalgae to macrozoobenthos in coastal bay systems in Korea: dual stable C and N isotope analyses. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 259: 79-92. doi: 10. 3354/meps259079.
    • (2003) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.259 , pp. 79-92
    • Kang, C.-K.1    Kim, J.B.2    Lee, K.-S.3    Kim, J.B.4    Lee, P.-Y.5    Hong, J.-S.6
  • 95
    • 0242375224 scopus 로고
    • Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office,North American Fauna, No. 68
    • Kenyon KW (1969) The sea otter in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. North American Fauna, No. 68. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.
    • (1969) The Sea Otter in the Eastern Pacific Ocean
    • Kenyon, K.W.1
  • 97
    • 78751665194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detrital production in Nova Scotian kelp beds: patterns and processes
    • doi:10.3354/meps08905
    • Krumhansl KA, Scheibling RE (2011) Detrital production in Nova Scotian kelp beds: patterns and processes. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 421: 67-82. doi: 10. 3354/meps08905.
    • (2011) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.421 , pp. 67-82
    • Krumhansl, K.A.1    Scheibling, R.E.2
  • 98
    • 0024939739 scopus 로고
    • Sea otters and benthic prey communities in Washington state
    • doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1989.tb00340.x
    • Kvitek RG, Shull D, Canestro D, Bowlby EC, Troutman BL (1989) Sea otters and benthic prey communities in Washington state. Mar Mamm Sci 5(3): 266-280. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1748-7692. 1989. tb00340. x.
    • (1989) Mar Mamm Sci , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 266-280
    • Kvitek, R.G.1    Shull, D.2    Canestro, D.3    Bowlby, E.C.4    Troutman, B.L.5
  • 99
    • 77950793974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial habitat use patterns of sea otters in coastal Washington
    • doi:10.1644/08-mamm-a-338.1
    • Laidre KL, Jameson RJ, Gurarie E, Jeffries SJ, Allen H (2009) Spatial habitat use patterns of sea otters in coastal Washington. J Mammal 90(4): 906-917. doi: 10. 1644/08-mamm-a-338. 1.
    • (2009) J Mammal , vol.90 , Issue.4 , pp. 906-917
    • Laidre, K.L.1    Jameson, R.J.2    Gurarie, E.3    Jeffries, S.J.4    Allen, H.5
  • 100
    • 0001369659 scopus 로고
    • Competition, habitat selection, and the Bathymetric segregation of two rockfish (Sebastes) species
    • doi:10.2307/1942480
    • Larson RJ (1980a) Competition, habitat selection, and the Bathymetric segregation of two rockfish (Sebastes) species. Ecol Monogr 50(2): 221-239. doi: 10. 2307/1942480.
    • (1980) Ecol Monogr , vol.50 , Issue.2 , pp. 221-239
    • Larson, R.J.1
  • 101
    • 0000512875 scopus 로고
    • Territorial behavior of the black and yellow rockfish and gopher rockfish (Scorpaenidae, Sebastes)
    • doi:10.1007/bf00396122
    • Larson RJ (1980b) Territorial behavior of the black and yellow rockfish and gopher rockfish (Scorpaenidae, Sebastes). Mar Biol 58(2): 111-122. doi: 10. 1007/bf00396122.
    • (1980) Mar Biol , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 111-122
    • Larson, R.J.1
  • 102
    • 0021533991 scopus 로고
    • Abundance and vertical distribution of fishes in a cobble-bottom kelp forest off San Onofre, California
    • Larson RJ, DeMartini EE (1984) Abundance and vertical distribution of fishes in a cobble-bottom kelp forest off San Onofre, California. Fish Bull 82(1): 37-53.
    • (1984) Fish Bull , vol.82 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-53
    • Larson, R.J.1    DeMartini, E.E.2
  • 103
    • 0024189469 scopus 로고
    • Effects of sea otter foraging on subtidal reef communities off Central California
    • Ecological studies, G. R. VanBlaricom and J. A. Estes (Eds.), Berlin: Springer
    • Laur DR, Ebeling AW, Coon DA (1988) Effects of sea otter foraging on subtidal reef communities off Central California. In: VanBlaricom GR, Estes JA (eds) The community ecology of sea otters, vol 65, Ecological studies. Springer, Berlin, pp 151-168.
    • (1988) The Community Ecology of Sea Otters , vol.65 , pp. 151-168
    • Laur, D.R.1    Ebeling, A.W.2    Coon, D.A.3
  • 105
    • 0012614456 scopus 로고
    • Ecological relationships between giant kelp and sea urchins in southern California
    • E. G. Young and J. L. McLachlan (Eds.), Oxford: Pergamon Press
    • Leighton DL, Jones LG, North W (1966) Ecological relationships between giant kelp and sea urchins in southern California. In: Young EG, McLachlan JL (eds) Proceedings of the 5th International Seaweed Symposium, Oxford, England. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 141-153.
    • (1966) Proceedings of the 5th International Seaweed Symposium, Oxford, England , pp. 141-153
    • Leighton, D.L.1    Jones, L.G.2    North, W.3
  • 106
    • 33745913924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny of members of the rockfish (Sebastes) subgenus Pteropodus and their relatives
    • doi:10.1139/z06-022
    • Li Z, Gray AK, Love MS, Asahida T, Gharrett AJ (2006) Phylogeny of members of the rockfish (Sebastes) subgenus Pteropodus and their relatives. Can J Zool 84(4): 527-536. doi: 10. 1139/z06-022.
    • (2006) Can J Zool , vol.84 , Issue.4 , pp. 527-536
    • Li, Z.1    Gray, A.K.2    Love, M.S.3    Asahida, T.4    Gharrett, A.J.5
  • 107
    • 0015240867 scopus 로고
    • New method of collagen extraction for radiocarbon dating
    • doi:10.1038/230241a0
    • Longin R (1971) New method of collagen extraction for radiocarbon dating. Nature 230(5291): 241-242. doi: 10. 1038/230241a0.
    • (1971) Nature , vol.230 , Issue.5291 , pp. 241-242
    • Longin, R.1
  • 108
    • 0025960954 scopus 로고
    • The ecology of substrate-associated juveniles of the genus Sebastes
    • doi:10.1007/bf02296891
    • Love M, Carr M, Haldorson L (1991) The ecology of substrate-associated juveniles of the genus Sebastes. Environ Biol Fishes 30(1): 225-243. doi: 10. 1007/bf02296891.
    • (1991) Environ Biol Fishes , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 225-243
    • Love, M.1    Carr, M.2    Haldorson, L.3
  • 109
    • 0001543509 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of olive rockfish, Sebastes serranoides, populations off southern California
    • Love MS (1979) Isolation of olive rockfish, Sebastes serranoides, populations off southern California. Fish Bull 77(4): 975-983.
    • (1979) Fish Bull , vol.77 , Issue.4 , pp. 975-983
    • Love, M.S.1
  • 110
    • 0004150965 scopus 로고
    • Life history aspects of 19 rockfish species (Scorpaenidae: Sebastes) from the Southern California Bight
    • Love MS, Morris P, McCrae M, Collins R (1990) Life history aspects of 19 rockfish species (Scorpaenidae: Sebastes) from the Southern California Bight. In. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 87.
    • (1990) NOAA Technical Report NMFS , vol.87
    • Love, M.S.1    Morris, P.2    McCrae, M.3    Collins, R.4
  • 111
    • 0019747001 scopus 로고
    • Growth, reproduction, and food habits of olive rockfish, Sebastes serranoides, of central California
    • Love MS, Westphal WV (1981) Growth, reproduction, and food habits of olive rockfish, Sebastes serranoides, of central California. Fish Bull 79(3): 533-545.
    • (1981) Fish Bull , vol.79 , Issue.3 , pp. 533-545
    • Love, M.S.1    Westphal, W.V.2
  • 113
    • 0000841236 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal and annual variability in the diet of California sea lions Zalophus californianus at San Nicolas Island, California, 1981-86
    • Lowry MS, Stewart BS, Heath CB, Yochem PK, Francis JM (1991) Seasonal and annual variability in the diet of California sea lions Zalophus californianus at San Nicolas Island, California, 1981-86. Fish Bull 89(2): 331-336.
    • (1991) Fish Bull , vol.89 , Issue.2 , pp. 331-336
    • Lowry, M.S.1    Stewart, B.S.2    Heath, C.B.3    Yochem, P.K.4    Francis, J.M.5
  • 115
    • 0000236239 scopus 로고
    • Seaweeds: their productivity and strategy for growth
    • doi:10.1126/science.182.4116.975
    • Mann KH (1973) Seaweeds: their productivity and strategy for growth. Science 182(4116): 975-981. doi: 10. 1126/science. 182. 4116. 975.
    • (1973) Science , vol.182 , Issue.4116 , pp. 975-981
    • Mann, K.H.1
  • 117
    • 84877768802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot study using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to observe inshore rockfish (Sebastes spp.) in the southern Strait of Georgia, March 3-11, 2005
    • Martin JC, Lacko LC, Yamanaka KL (2006) A pilot study using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to observe inshore rockfish (Sebastes spp.) in the southern Strait of Georgia, March 3-11, 2005. Can Tech Rep Fish Aquat Sci 2663: 36.
    • (2006) Can Tech Rep Fish Aquat Sci , vol.2663 , pp. 36
    • Martin, J.C.1    Lacko, L.C.2    Yamanaka, K.L.3
  • 118
    • 84877734789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A visual survey of inshore rockfish abundance and habitat in the southern Strait of Georgia using a shallow-water towed video system
    • Martin JC, Yamanaka KL (2004) A visual survey of inshore rockfish abundance and habitat in the southern Strait of Georgia using a shallow-water towed video system. Can Tech Rep Fish Aquat Sci 2566: 52.
    • (2004) Can Tech Rep Fish Aquat Sci , vol.2566 , pp. 52
    • Martin, J.C.1    Yamanaka, K.L.2
  • 119
    • 0000976183 scopus 로고
    • Movements of rockfish (Sebastes) tagged in northern Puget Sound, Washington
    • Mathews SB, Barker MW (1983) Movements of rockfish (Sebastes) tagged in northern Puget Sound, Washington. Fish Bull 83(1): 916-922.
    • (1983) Fish Bull , vol.83 , Issue.1 , pp. 916-922
    • Mathews, S.B.1    Barker, M.W.2
  • 120
    • 0025672428 scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of habitat use by young-of-the-year, subadult, and adult rockfishes on four habitat types in central Puget Sound
    • Matthews KR (1990a) A comparative study of habitat use by young-of-the-year, subadult, and adult rockfishes on four habitat types in central Puget Sound. Fish Bull 88(2): 223-239.
    • (1990) Fish Bull , vol.88 , Issue.2 , pp. 223-239
    • Matthews, K.R.1
  • 121
    • 0025626704 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of the habitat preferences and movement patterns of copper, quillback, and brown rockfishes (Sebastes spp.)
    • doi:10.1007/bf00002217
    • Matthews KR (1990b) An experimental study of the habitat preferences and movement patterns of copper, quillback, and brown rockfishes (Sebastes spp.). Environ Biol Fishes 29(3): 161-178. doi: 10. 1007/bf00002217.
    • (1990) Environ Biol Fishes , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 161-178
    • Matthews, K.R.1
  • 122
    • 0025662763 scopus 로고
    • A telemetric study of the home ranges and homing routes of copper and quillback rockfishes on shallow rocky reefs
    • doi:10.1139/z90-312
    • Matthews KR (1990c) A telemetric study of the home ranges and homing routes of copper and quillback rockfishes on shallow rocky reefs. Can J Zool 68(11): 2243-2250. doi: 10. 1139/z90-312.
    • (1990) Can J Zool , vol.68 , Issue.11 , pp. 2243-2250
    • Matthews, K.R.1
  • 123
    • 34748832341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating the complexities of sustainable fishing at a prehistoric village on western Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada
    • doi:10.1016/j.jnc.2007.05.001
    • McKechnie I (2007) Investigating the complexities of sustainable fishing at a prehistoric village on western Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. J Nat Conserv 15(3): 208-222. doi: 10. 1016/j. jnc. 2007. 05. 001.
    • (2007) J Nat Conserv , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 208-222
    • McKechnie, I.1
  • 124
    • 84857121306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a historical ecology of pinniped and sea otter hunting traditions on the coast of southern British Columbia
    • T. J. Braje and T. C. Rick (Eds.), Berkeley: University of California Press
    • McKechnie I, Wigen RJ (2011) Toward a historical ecology of pinniped and sea otter hunting traditions on the coast of southern British Columbia. In: Braje TJ, Rick TC (eds) Human impacts on seals, sea lions, and sea otters: integrating archaeology and ecology in the Northeast Pacific. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp 129-166.
    • (2011) Human Impacts on Seals, Sea Lions, and Sea Otters: Integrating Archaeology and Ecology in the Northeast Pacific , pp. 129-166
    • McKechnie, I.1    Wigen, R.J.2
  • 125
    • 84879178493 scopus 로고
    • Anchorage, Alaska, October 20-22, 1986. Alaska Sea Grant Report No. 87-2. University of Alaska, Anchorage
    • Melteff BR (ed) (1987) Proceedings of the International Rockfish Symposium. Anchorage, Alaska, October 20-22, 1986. Alaska Sea Grant Report No. 87-2. University of Alaska, Anchorage.
    • (1987) Proceedings of the International Rockfish Symposium
    • Melteff, B.R.1
  • 126
    • 9644304485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rockfish response to low-frequency ocean climate change as revealed by the diet of a marine bird over multiple time scales
    • doi:10.3354/meps281207
    • Miller AK, Sydeman WJ (2004) Rockfish response to low-frequency ocean climate change as revealed by the diet of a marine bird over multiple time scales. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 281: 207-216. doi: 10. 3354/meps281207.
    • (2004) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.281 , pp. 207-216
    • Miller, A.K.1    Sydeman, W.J.2
  • 127
    • 34247385096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diets of top predators indicate pelagic juvenile rockfish (Sebastes spp.) abundance in the California Current System
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2419.2007.00429.x
    • Mills KL, Laidig T, Ralston S, Sydeman WJ (2007) Diets of top predators indicate pelagic juvenile rockfish (Sebastes spp.) abundance in the California Current System. Fish Oceanogr 16(3): 273-283. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1365-2419. 2007. 00429. x.
    • (2007) Fish Oceanogr , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 273-283
    • Mills, K.L.1    Laidig, T.2    Ralston, S.3    Sydeman, W.J.4
  • 128
    • 0021342781 scopus 로고
    • 15N and animal age
    • doi:10.1016/0016-7037(84)90204-7
    • 15N and animal age. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48(5): 1135-1140. doi: 10. 1016/0016-7037(84)90204-7.
    • (1984) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.48 , Issue.5 , pp. 1135-1140
    • Minagawa, M.1    Wada, E.2
  • 129
    • 70450191900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in northeast Pacific marine ecosystems over the last 4500 years: evidence from stable isotope analysis of bone collagen from archaeological middens
    • doi:10.1177/0959683609357824
    • Misarti N, Finney BP, Maschner H, Wooller MJ (2009) Changes in northeast Pacific marine ecosystems over the last 4500 years: evidence from stable isotope analysis of bone collagen from archaeological middens. Holocene 19(8): 1139-1151. doi: 10. 1177/0959683609357824.
    • (2009) Holocene , vol.19 , Issue.8 , pp. 1139-1151
    • Misarti, N.1    Finney, B.P.2    Maschner, H.3    Wooller, M.J.4
  • 130
    • 70350347977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary study on homing, site fidelity, and diel movement of black rockfish Sebastes inermis measured by acoustic telemetry
    • doi:10.1007/s12562-009-0142-9
    • Mitamura H, Uchida K, Miyamoto Y, Arai N, Kakihara T, Yokota T, Okuyama J, Kawabata Y, Yasuda T (2009) Preliminary study on homing, site fidelity, and diel movement of black rockfish Sebastes inermis measured by acoustic telemetry. Fish Sci 75(5): 1133-1140. doi: 10. 1007/s12562-009-0142-9.
    • (2009) Fish Sci , vol.75 , Issue.5 , pp. 1133-1140
    • Mitamura, H.1    Uchida, K.2    Miyamoto, Y.3    Arai, N.4    Kakihara, T.5    Yokota, T.6    Okuyama, J.7    Kawabata, Y.8    Yasuda, T.9
  • 131
    • 0037448694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontogenetic dietary changes of coral reef fishes in the mangrove-seagrass-reef continuum: stable isotopes and gut-content analysis
    • doi:10.3354/meps246279
    • Morinière EC, Pollux BJA, Nagelkerken I, Hemminga MA, Huiskes AHL, Velde G (2003) Ontogenetic dietary changes of coral reef fishes in the mangrove-seagrass-reef continuum: stable isotopes and gut-content analysis. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 246: 279-289. doi: 10. 3354/meps246279.
    • (2003) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.246 , pp. 279-289
    • Morinière, E.C.1    Pollux, B.J.A.2    Nagelkerken, I.3    Hemminga, M.A.4    Huiskes, A.H.L.5    Velde, G.6
  • 132
    • 0343904288 scopus 로고
    • The British Columbia transplant of sea otters Enhydra Lutris
    • doi:10.1016/0006-3207(81)90015-X
    • Morris R, Ellis DV, Emerson BP (1981) The British Columbia transplant of sea otters Enhydra Lutris. Biol Conserv 20(4): 291-295. doi: 10. 1016/0006-3207(81)90015-X.
    • (1981) Biol Conserv , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 291-295
    • Morris, R.1    Ellis, D.V.2    Emerson, B.P.3
  • 133
    • 34548853180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical ecology and biogeography of north Pacific pinnipeds: isotopes and ancient DNA from three archaeological assemblages
    • doi:10.1080/15564890600934129
    • Moss ML, Yang DY, Newsome SD, Speller CF, McKechnie I, McMillan AD, Losey RJ, Koch PL (2006) Historical ecology and biogeography of north Pacific pinnipeds: isotopes and ancient DNA from three archaeological assemblages. J Isl Coast Archaeol 1(2): 165-190. doi: 10. 1080/15564890600934129.
    • (2006) J Isl Coast Archaeol , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 165-190
    • Moss, M.L.1    Yang, D.Y.2    Newsome, S.D.3    Speller, C.F.4    McKechnie, I.5    McMillan, A.D.6    Losey, R.J.7    Koch, P.L.8
  • 134
    • 0003162423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximum ages of groundfishes in waters off Alaska and British Columbia and considerations of age determination
    • Munk KM (2001) Maximum ages of groundfishes in waters off Alaska and British Columbia and considerations of age determination. Alaska Fish Res Bull 8: 12-21.
    • (2001) Alaska Fish Res Bull , vol.8 , pp. 12-21
    • Munk, K.M.1
  • 135
    • 0028159831 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the distribution and activities of rockfish, Sebastes spp., in Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, from the Pisces IV submersible
    • Murie DJ, Parkyn DC, Clapp BG, Krause GG (1994) Observations on the distribution and activities of rockfish, Sebastes spp., in Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, from the Pisces IV submersible. Fish Bull 92: 313-323.
    • (1994) Fish Bull , vol.92 , pp. 313-323
    • Murie, D.J.1    Parkyn, D.C.2    Clapp, B.G.3    Krause, G.G.4
  • 137
    • 0002769759 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative significance of dissolved organic losses following fragmentation of kelp (Ecklonia maxima and Laminaria pallida)
    • Newell RC, Lucas MI, Velimirov B, Seiderer LJ (1980) Quantitative significance of dissolved organic losses following fragmentation of kelp (Ecklonia maxima and Laminaria pallida). Mar Ecol Prog Ser 2: 45-59.
    • (1980) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.2 , pp. 45-59
    • Newell, R.C.1    Lucas, M.I.2    Velimirov, B.3    Seiderer, L.J.4
  • 138
    • 77954464387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using stable isotope biogeochemistry to study marine mammal ecology
    • doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00354.x
    • Newsome SD, Clementz MT, Koch PL (2010) Using stable isotope biogeochemistry to study marine mammal ecology. Mar Mamm Sci 26(3): 509-572. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1748-7692. 2009. 00354. x.
    • (2010) Mar Mamm Sci , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 509-572
    • Newsome, S.D.1    Clementz, M.T.2    Koch, P.L.3
  • 140
    • 34047139823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historic decline in primary productivity in western Gulf of Alaska and eastern Bering Sea: isotopic analysis of northern fur seal teeth
    • doi:10.3354/meps332211
    • Newsome SD, Etnier MA, Kurle CM, Waldbauer JR, Chamberlain CP, Koch PL (2007b) Historic decline in primary productivity in western Gulf of Alaska and eastern Bering Sea: isotopic analysis of northern fur seal teeth. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 332: 211-224. doi: 10. 3354/meps332211.
    • (2007) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.332 , pp. 211-224
    • Newsome, S.D.1    Etnier, M.A.2    Kurle, C.M.3    Waldbauer, J.R.4    Chamberlain, C.P.5    Koch, P.L.6
  • 142
    • 82855161351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary production in a Laminaria hyperborea kelp forest and variation according to wave exposure
    • doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2011.08.028
    • Norderhaug KM, Christie H (2011) Secondary production in a Laminaria hyperborea kelp forest and variation according to wave exposure. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 95(1): 135-144. doi: 10. 1016/j. ecss. 2011. 08. 028.
    • (2011) Estuar Coast Shelf Sci , vol.95 , Issue.1 , pp. 135-144
    • Norderhaug, K.M.1    Christie, H.2
  • 143
    • 0038116163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trophic importance of Laminaria hyperborea to kelp forest consumers and the importance of bacterial degradation to food quality
    • doi:10.3354/meps255135
    • Norderhaug KM, Fredriksen S, Nygaard K (2003) Trophic importance of Laminaria hyperborea to kelp forest consumers and the importance of bacterial degradation to food quality. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 255: 135-144. doi: 10. 3354/meps255135.
    • (2003) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.255 , pp. 135-144
    • Norderhaug, K.M.1    Fredriksen, S.2    Nygaard, K.3
  • 144
    • 0027869181 scopus 로고
    • Habitat-specific density of adult yelloweye rockfish Sebastes ruberrimus in the eastern Gulf of Alaska
    • O'Connell VM, Carlile DW (1993) Habitat-specific density of adult yelloweye rockfish Sebastes ruberrimus in the eastern Gulf of Alaska. Fish Bull 91(2): 304-309.
    • (1993) Fish Bull , vol.91 , Issue.2 , pp. 304-309
    • O'Connell, V.M.1    Carlile, D.W.2
  • 147
    • 84879151132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mid- to Late Holocene Subsistence and Settlement in Gwaii Haanas: Analysis of Auger, Column, and Faunal Samples from 2009 and 2010 Fieldwork
    • Report submitted to Parks Canada, Cultural Resource Services, Western & Northern Canada Services Centre, Victoria and Vancouver, B. C
    • Orchard TJ (2011) Mid- to Late Holocene Subsistence and Settlement in Gwaii Haanas: Analysis of Auger, Column, and Faunal Samples from 2009 and 2010 Fieldwork. Report submitted to Parks Canada, Cultural Resource Services, Western & Northern Canada Services Centre, Victoria and Vancouver, B. C.
    • (2011)
    • Orchard, T.J.1
  • 148
    • 84859575837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of salmon species from archaeological remains on the northwest coast
    • M. Moss and A. Cannon (Eds.), Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press
    • Orchard TJ, Szpak P (2011) Identification of salmon species from archaeological remains on the northwest coast. In: Moss M, Cannon A (eds) The archaeology of North Pacific fisheries. University of Alaska Press, Fairbanks.
    • (2011) The Archaeology of North Pacific Fisheries
    • Orchard, T.J.1    Szpak, P.2
  • 149
    • 20444420153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wrack deposition on different beach types: spatial and temporal variation in the pattern of subsidy
    • doi:10.1890/04-1486
    • Orr M, Zimmer M, Jelinski DE, Mews M (2005) Wrack deposition on different beach types: spatial and temporal variation in the pattern of subsidy. Ecology 86(6): 1496-1507. doi: 10. 1890/04-1486.
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , Issue.6 , pp. 1496-1507
    • Orr, M.1    Zimmer, M.2    Jelinski, D.E.3    Mews, M.4
  • 150
    • 0000861782 scopus 로고
    • 13C values in leaves of aquatic macrophytes from different habitats in Britain and Finland; some implications for photosynthetic processes in aquatic plants
    • doi:10.1007/BF00378804
    • 13C values in leaves of aquatic macrophytes from different habitats in Britain and Finland; some implications for photosynthetic processes in aquatic plants. Oecologia 50(1): 117-124. doi: 10. 1007/BF00378804.
    • (1981) Oecologia , vol.50 , Issue.1 , pp. 117-124
    • Osmond, C.B.1    Valaane, N.2    Haslam, S.M.3    Uotila, P.4    Roksandic, Z.5
  • 151
    • 0031448910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation in the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope biogeochemistry of a coastal cold ocean environment
    • doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00131-2
    • Ostrom NE, Macko SA, Deibel D, Thompson RJ (1997) Seasonal variation in the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope biogeochemistry of a coastal cold ocean environment. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61(14): 2929-2942. doi: 10. 1016/S0016-7037(97)00131-2.
    • (1997) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.61 , Issue.14 , pp. 2929-2942
    • Ostrom, N.E.1    Macko, S.A.2    Deibel, D.3    Thompson, R.J.4
  • 152
    • 46949108366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the importance of land and marine sources of organic matter to kelp forest food webs
    • doi:10.3354/meps07382
    • Page HM, Reed DC, Brzezinski MA, Melack JM, Dugan JE (2008) Assessing the importance of land and marine sources of organic matter to kelp forest food webs. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 360: 47-62. doi: 10. 3354/meps07382.
    • (2008) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.360 , pp. 47-62
    • Page, H.M.1    Reed, D.C.2    Brzezinski, M.A.3    Melack, J.M.4    Dugan, J.E.5
  • 153
    • 0000149002 scopus 로고
    • Food webs: linkage, interaction strength and community infrastructure
    • doi:10.2307/4220
    • Paine RT (1980) Food webs: linkage, interaction strength and community infrastructure. J Anim Ecol 49(3): 667-685. doi: 10. 2307/4220.
    • (1980) J Anim Ecol , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 667-685
    • Paine, R.T.1
  • 155
    • 70349613686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movement patterns of black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) in Oregon coastal waters
    • J. Heifetz, J. DiCosimo, A. J. Gharrett, M. S. Love, V. M. O'Connell, and R. D. Stanley (Eds.), Fairbanks: Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska
    • Parker SJ, Rankin PS, Olson JM, Hannah RW (2007) Movement patterns of black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) in Oregon coastal waters. In: Heifetz J, DiCosimo J, Gharrett AJ, Love MS, O'Connell VM, Stanley RD (eds) Biology, assessment, and management of North Pacific rockfishes. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, pp 39-57.
    • (2007) Biology, Assessment, and Management of North Pacific Rockfishes , pp. 39-57
    • Parker, S.J.1    Rankin, P.S.2    Olson, J.M.3    Hannah, R.W.4
  • 157
    • 34247270938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics in the Queen Charlotte Islands (Canada) during the summer upwelling seasons of 2001-2002
    • doi:10.1093/plankt/fbm010
    • Peterson TD, Toews HNJ, Robinson CLK, Harrison PJ (2007) Nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics in the Queen Charlotte Islands (Canada) during the summer upwelling seasons of 2001-2002. J Plankton Res 29(3): 219-239. doi: 10. 1093/plankt/fbm010.
    • (2007) J Plankton Res , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 219-239
    • Peterson, T.D.1    Toews, H.N.J.2    Robinson, C.L.K.3    Harrison, P.J.4
  • 158
    • 14844337098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Back-to-the-future: a fresh policy initiative for fisheries and a restoration ecology for ocean ecosystems
    • Pitcher TJ (2005) Back-to-the-future: a fresh policy initiative for fisheries and a restoration ecology for ocean ecosystems. Philos Trans: Biol Sci 360(1453): 107-121.
    • (2005) Philos Trans: Biol Sci , vol.360 , Issue.1453 , pp. 107-121
    • Pitcher, T.J.1
  • 159
    • 29144454891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indirect food web interactions: sea otters and kelp forest fishes in the Aleutian archipelago
    • doi:10.1007/s00442-005-0230-1
    • Reisewitz S, Estes J, Simenstad C (2006) Indirect food web interactions: sea otters and kelp forest fishes in the Aleutian archipelago. Oecologia 146(4): 623-631. doi: 10. 1007/s00442-005-0230-1.
    • (2006) Oecologia , vol.146 , Issue.4 , pp. 623-631
    • Reisewitz, S.1    Estes, J.2    Simenstad, C.3
  • 160
    • 0022834994 scopus 로고
    • Depth and habitat distributions of three species of rockfish (Sebastes) in British Columbia: observations from the submersible PISCES IV
    • doi:10.1007/BF00000397
    • Richards LJ (1986) Depth and habitat distributions of three species of rockfish (Sebastes) in British Columbia: observations from the submersible PISCES IV. Environ Biol Fishes 17(1): 13-21. doi: 10. 1007/BF00000397.
    • (1986) Environ Biol Fishes , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-21
    • Richards, L.J.1
  • 163
    • 27144509725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oceanographic connectivity among marine protected areas on the north coast of British Columbia, Canada
    • doi:10.1139/f05-088
    • Robinson CLK, Morrison J, Foreman MGG (2005) Oceanographic connectivity among marine protected areas on the north coast of British Columbia, Canada. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 62(6): 1350-1362. doi: 10. 1139/f05-088.
    • (2005) Can J Fish Aquat Sci , vol.62 , Issue.6 , pp. 1350-1362
    • Robinson, C.L.K.1    Morrison, J.2    Foreman, M.G.G.3
  • 164
    • 33846980482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macroinfauna community structure and biochemical composition of sedimentary organic matter along a gradient of wave exposure in sandy beaches (NW Spain)
    • doi:10.1007/s10750-006-0443-2
    • Rodil I, Lastra M, López J (2007) Macroinfauna community structure and biochemical composition of sedimentary organic matter along a gradient of wave exposure in sandy beaches (NW Spain). Hydrobiologia 579(1): 301-316. doi: 10. 1007/s10750-006-0443-2.
    • (2007) Hydrobiologia , vol.579 , Issue.1 , pp. 301-316
    • Rodil, I.1    Lastra, M.2    López, J.3
  • 165
    • 17944401035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumption of drift kelp by intertidal populations of the sea urchin Tetrapygus niger on the central Chilean coast: possible consequences at different ecological levels
    • doi:10.3354/meps251141
    • Rodríguez SR (2003) Consumption of drift kelp by intertidal populations of the sea urchin Tetrapygus niger on the central Chilean coast: possible consequences at different ecological levels. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 251: 141-151. doi: 10. 3354/meps251141.
    • (2003) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.251 , pp. 141-151
    • Rodríguez, S.R.1
  • 166
    • 63249099115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cascading effects of fishing can alter carbon flow through a temperate coastal ecosystem
    • doi:10.1890/07-1777.1
    • Salomon AK, Shears NT, Langlois TJ, Babcock RC (2008) Cascading effects of fishing can alter carbon flow through a temperate coastal ecosystem. Ecol Appl 18(8): 1874-1887. doi: 10. 1890/07-1777. 1.
    • (2008) Ecol Appl , vol.18 , Issue.8 , pp. 1874-1887
    • Salomon, A.K.1    Shears, N.T.2    Langlois, T.J.3    Babcock, R.C.4
  • 167
    • 70449525151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trophic significance of the kelp Laminaria digitata (Lamour.) for the associated food web: a between-sites comparison
    • doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2009.09.027
    • Schaal G, Riera P, Leroux C (2009) Trophic significance of the kelp Laminaria digitata (Lamour.) for the associated food web: a between-sites comparison. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 85(4): 565-572. doi: 10. 1016/j. ecss. 2009. 09. 027.
    • (2009) Estuar Coast Shelf Sci , vol.85 , Issue.4 , pp. 565-572
    • Schaal, G.1    Riera, P.2    Leroux, C.3
  • 168
    • 71949090313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trophic ecology in a Northern Brittany (Batz Island, France) kelp (Laminaria digitata) forest, as investigated through stable isotopes and chemical assays
    • doi:10.1016/j.seares.2009.09.002
    • Schaal G, Riera P, Leroux C (2010) Trophic ecology in a Northern Brittany (Batz Island, France) kelp (Laminaria digitata) forest, as investigated through stable isotopes and chemical assays. J Sea Res 63(1): 24-35. doi: 10. 1016/j. seares. 2009. 09. 002.
    • (2010) J Sea Res , vol.63 , Issue.1 , pp. 24-35
    • Schaal, G.1    Riera, P.2    Leroux, C.3
  • 169
    • 0021283620 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition of bone collagen from marine and terrestrial animals
    • doi:10.1016/0016-7037(84)90091-7
    • Schoeninger MJ, DeNiro MJ (1984) Nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition of bone collagen from marine and terrestrial animals. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48(4): 625-639. doi: 10. 1016/0016-7037(84)90091-7.
    • (1984) Geochim Cosmochim Acta , vol.48 , Issue.4 , pp. 625-639
    • Schoeninger, M.J.1    DeNiro, M.J.2
  • 170
    • 0027802396 scopus 로고
    • 13C variability in marine food webs
    • doi:10.1007/BF00350742
    • 13C variability in marine food webs. Mar Biol 116(1): 147-160. doi: 10. 1007/BF00350742.
    • (1993) Mar Biol , vol.116 , Issue.1 , pp. 147-160
    • Simenstad, C.A.1    Duggins, D.O.2    Quay, P.D.3
  • 171
    • 0001562775 scopus 로고
    • Aleuts, sea otters, and alternate stable-state communities
    • Simenstad CA, Estes JA, Kenyon KW (1978) Aleuts, sea otters, and alternate stable-state communities. Science 200(4340): 403-411.
    • (1978) Science , vol.200 , Issue.4340 , pp. 403-411
    • Simenstad, C.A.1    Estes, J.A.2    Kenyon, K.W.3
  • 172
    • 0029479711 scopus 로고
    • Growth allocation in Laminaria hyperborea (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) in relation to age and wave exposure
    • doi:10.3354/meps126213
    • Sjøtun K, Fredriksen S (1995) Growth allocation in Laminaria hyperborea (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) in relation to age and wave exposure. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 126: 213-222. doi: 10. 3354/meps126213.
    • (1995) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.126 , pp. 213-222
    • Sjøtun, K.1    Fredriksen, S.2
  • 175
    • 0030991749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon and nitrogen exchange between sandy beach clams (Donax serra) and kelp beds in the Benguela coastal upwelling region
    • doi:10.1007/s002270050056
    • Soares AG, Schlacher TA, McLachlan A (1997) Carbon and nitrogen exchange between sandy beach clams (Donax serra) and kelp beds in the Benguela coastal upwelling region. Mar Biol 127(4): 657-664. doi: 10. 1007/s002270050056.
    • (1997) Mar Biol , vol.127 , Issue.4 , pp. 657-664
    • Soares, A.G.1    Schlacher, T.A.2    McLachlan, A.3
  • 176
    • 3042712324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 14C Reservoir Ages for the British Columbia Coast
    • 14C Reservoir Ages for the British Columbia Coast. Can J Archaeol 27: 95-11.
    • (2003) Can J Archaeol , vol.27 , pp. 11-95
    • Southon, J.R.1    Fedje, D.W.2
  • 177
    • 0024266794 scopus 로고
    • Effects of quantitative and qualitative variation in phenolic compounds on feeding in three species of marine invertebrate herbivores
    • doi:10.1016/0022-0981(88)90003-2
    • Steinberg PD (1988) Effects of quantitative and qualitative variation in phenolic compounds on feeding in three species of marine invertebrate herbivores. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 120(3): 221-237. doi: 10. 1016/0022-0981(88)90003-2.
    • (1988) J Exp Mar Biol Ecol , vol.120 , Issue.3 , pp. 221-237
    • Steinberg, P.D.1
  • 179
    • 34250230913 scopus 로고
    • Feeding capabilities and limitation of herbivorous molluscs: a functional group approach
    • doi:10.1007/bf00409596
    • Steneck RS, Watling L (1982) Feeding capabilities and limitation of herbivorous molluscs: a functional group approach. Mar Biol 68(3): 299-319. doi: 10. 1007/bf00409596.
    • (1982) Mar Biol , vol.68 , Issue.3 , pp. 299-319
    • Steneck, R.S.1    Watling, L.2
  • 180
    • 0034803809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change, reproductive performance and diet composition of marine birds in the southern California Current system, 1969-1997
    • doi:10.1016/s0079-6611(01)00028-3
    • Sydeman WJ, Hester MM, Thayer JA, Gress F, Martin P, Buffa J (2001) Climate change, reproductive performance and diet composition of marine birds in the southern California Current system, 1969-1997. Prog in Oceanogr 49(1-4): 309-329. doi: 10. 1016/s0079-6611(01)00028-3.
    • (2001) Prog in Oceanogr , vol.49 , Issue.1-4 , pp. 309-329
    • Sydeman, W.J.1    Hester, M.M.2    Thayer, J.A.3    Gress, F.4    Martin, P.5    Buffa, J.6
  • 181
    • 80054110025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fish bone chemistry and ultrastructure: implications for taphonomy and stable isotope analysis
    • doi:10.1016/j.jas.2011.07.022
    • Szpak P (2011) Fish bone chemistry and ultrastructure: implications for taphonomy and stable isotope analysis. J Archaeol Sci 38(12): 3358-3372. doi: 10. 1016/j. jas. 2011. 07. 022.
    • (2011) J Archaeol Sci , vol.38 , Issue.12 , pp. 3358-3372
    • Szpak, P.1
  • 183
    • 70349786482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Late Holocene vertebrate food web from southern Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia)
    • doi:10.1016/j.jas.2009.08.013
    • Szpak P, Orchard TJ, Gröcke DR (2009) A Late Holocene vertebrate food web from southern Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia). J Archaeol Sci 36(12): 2734-2741. doi: 10. 1016/j. jas. 2009. 08. 013.
    • (2009) J Archaeol Sci , vol.36 , Issue.12 , pp. 2734-2741
    • Szpak, P.1    Orchard, T.J.2    Gröcke, D.R.3
  • 184
    • 84857123149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical ecology of late Holocene sea otters (Enhydra lutris) from northern British Columbia: isotopic and zooarchaeological perspectives
    • doi:10.1016/j.jas.2011.12.006
    • Szpak P, Orchard TJ, McKechnie I, Gröcke DR (2012) Historical ecology of late Holocene sea otters (Enhydra lutris) from northern British Columbia: isotopic and zooarchaeological perspectives. J Archaeol Sci 39(5): 1553-1571. doi: 10. 1016/j. jas. 2011. 12. 006.
    • (2012) J Archaeol Sci , vol.39 , Issue.5 , pp. 1553-1571
    • Szpak, P.1    Orchard, T.J.2    McKechnie, I.3    Gröcke, D.R.4
  • 185
    • 70349527965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kelp and rivers subsidize rocky intertidal communities in the Pacific Northwest (USA)
    • doi:10.3354/meps08138
    • Tallis H (2009) Kelp and rivers subsidize rocky intertidal communities in the Pacific Northwest (USA). Mar Ecol Prog Ser 389: 85-96. doi: 10. 3354/meps08138.
    • (2009) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.389 , pp. 85-96
    • Tallis, H.1
  • 186
    • 48949104796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forage fish of the Pacific Rim as revealed by diet of a piscivorous seabird: synchrony and relationships with sea surface temperature
    • doi:10.1139/F08-076
    • Thayer JA, Bertram DF, Hatch SA, Hipfner MJ, Slater L, Sydeman WJ, Watanuki Y (2008) Forage fish of the Pacific Rim as revealed by diet of a piscivorous seabird: synchrony and relationships with sea surface temperature. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 65(8): 1610-1622. doi: 10. 1139/F08-076.
    • (2008) Can J Fish Aquat Sci , vol.65 , Issue.8 , pp. 1610-1622
    • Thayer, J.A.1    Bertram, D.F.2    Hatch, S.A.3    Hipfner, M.J.4    Slater, L.5    Sydeman, W.J.6    Watanuki, Y.7
  • 187
    • 67649184626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Home range size and patterns of space use by lingcod, copper rockfish and quillback rockfish in relation to diel and tidal cycles
    • doi:10.3354/meps07930
    • Tolimieri N, Andrews K, Williams G, Katz S, Levin PS (2009) Home range size and patterns of space use by lingcod, copper rockfish and quillback rockfish in relation to diel and tidal cycles. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 380: 229-243. doi: 10. 3354/meps07930.
    • (2009) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.380 , pp. 229-243
    • Tolimieri, N.1    Andrews, K.2    Williams, G.3    Katz, S.4    Levin, P.S.5
  • 188
    • 48149092616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detached kelps from distant sources are a food subsidy for sea urchins
    • doi:10.1007/s00442-008-1061-7
    • Vanderklift M, Wernberg T (2008) Detached kelps from distant sources are a food subsidy for sea urchins. Oecologia 157(2): 327-335. doi: 10. 1007/s00442-008-1061-7.
    • (2008) Oecologia , vol.157 , Issue.2 , pp. 327-335
    • Vanderklift, M.1    Wernberg, T.2
  • 189
    • 0028977845 scopus 로고
    • Detritus-based patches of high secondary production in the nearshore benthos
    • doi:10.3354/meps120251
    • Vetter EW (1995) Detritus-based patches of high secondary production in the nearshore benthos. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 120: 251-262. doi: 10. 3354/meps120251.
    • (1995) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.120 , pp. 251-262
    • Vetter, E.W.1
  • 190
    • 0036622473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable carbon and nitrogen ratios in the sand smelt from a Mediterranean coastal area: feeding habits and effect of season and size
    • doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb02443.x
    • Vizzini S, Mazzola A (2002) Stable carbon and nitrogen ratios in the sand smelt from a Mediterranean coastal area: feeding habits and effect of season and size. J Fish Biol 60(6): 1498-1510. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1095-8649. 2002. tb02443. x.
    • (2002) J Fish Biol , vol.60 , Issue.6 , pp. 1498-1510
    • Vizzini, S.1    Mazzola, A.2
  • 191
    • 0031971303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utilization of nitrogen derived from seabird guano by terrestrial and marine plants at St. Paul, Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea, Alaska
    • doi:10.1007/s002270050297
    • Wainright SC, Haney JC, Kerr C, Golovkin AN, Flint MV (1998) Utilization of nitrogen derived from seabird guano by terrestrial and marine plants at St. Paul, Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea, Alaska. Mar Biol 131(1): 63-71. doi: 10. 1007/s002270050297.
    • (1998) Mar Biol , vol.131 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-71
    • Wainright, S.C.1    Haney, J.C.2    Kerr, C.3    Golovkin, A.N.4    Flint, M.V.5
  • 192
    • 79955513256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability, resilience, and phase shifts in rocky subtidal communities along the west coast of Vancouver Island, Canada
    • doi:10.1890/10-0262.1
    • Watson JC, Estes JA (2011) Stability, resilience, and phase shifts in rocky subtidal communities along the west coast of Vancouver Island, Canada. Ecol Monogr 81(2): 215-239. doi: 10. 1890/10-0262. 1.
    • (2011) Ecol Monogr , vol.81 , Issue.2 , pp. 215-239
    • Watson, J.C.1    Estes, J.A.2
  • 193
    • 46249086530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical disturbance and subtidal habitat structure on open rocky coasts: effects of wave exposure, extent and intensity
    • doi:10.1016/j.seares.2008.02.005
    • Wernberg T, Connell SD (2008) Physical disturbance and subtidal habitat structure on open rocky coasts: effects of wave exposure, extent and intensity. J Sea Res 59(4): 237-248. doi: 10. 1016/j. seares. 2008. 02. 005.
    • (2008) J Sea Res , vol.59 , Issue.4 , pp. 237-248
    • Wernberg, T.1    Connell, S.D.2
  • 194
    • 33645099539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Export of detached macroalgae from reefs to adjacent seagrass beds
    • doi:10.1007/s00442-005-0318-7
    • Wernberg T, Vanderklift M, How J, Lavery P (2006) Export of detached macroalgae from reefs to adjacent seagrass beds. Oecologia 147(4): 692-701. doi: 10. 1007/s00442-005-0318-7.
    • (2006) Oecologia , vol.147 , Issue.4 , pp. 692-701
    • Wernberg, T.1    Vanderklift, M.2    How, J.3    Lavery, P.4
  • 195
    • 0000246928 scopus 로고
    • Growth and stable carbon isotope composition of cold-water macroalgae in relation to light and temperature
    • Wiencke C, Fischer G (1990) Growth and stable carbon isotope composition of cold-water macroalgae in relation to light and temperature. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 65(3): 283-292.
    • (1990) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.65 , Issue.3 , pp. 283-292
    • Wiencke, C.1    Fischer, G.2
  • 196
    • 77953021311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rockfish in Puget Sound: an ecological history of exploitation
    • doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2010.02.008
    • Williams GD, Levin PS, Palsson WA (2010) Rockfish in Puget Sound: an ecological history of exploitation. Marine Policy 34(5): 1010-1020. doi: 10. 1016/j. marpol. 2010. 02. 008.
    • (2010) Marine Policy , vol.34 , Issue.5 , pp. 1010-1020
    • Williams, G.D.1    Levin, P.S.2    Palsson, W.A.3
  • 200
    • 0031079776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen isotope variations in the subarctic northeast Pacific: relationships to nitrate utilization and trophic structure
    • doi:10.1016/S0967-0637(96)00099-4
    • Wu J, Calvert SE, Wong CS (1997) Nitrogen isotope variations in the subarctic northeast Pacific: relationships to nitrate utilization and trophic structure. Deep-Sea Res I Oceanogr Res Pap 44(2): 287-314. doi: 10. 1016/S0967-0637(96)00099-4.
    • (1997) Deep-Sea Res I Oceanogr Res Pap , vol.44 , Issue.2 , pp. 287-314
    • Wu, J.1    Calvert, S.E.2    Wong, C.S.3
  • 201
    • 78149447070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in isotope discrimination factors in coral reef fishes: implications for diet and food web reconstruction
    • doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013682
    • Wyatt ASJ, Waite AM, Humphries S (2010) Variability in isotope discrimination factors in coral reef fishes: implications for diet and food web reconstruction. PLoS One 5(10): e13682. doi: 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0013682.
    • (2010) PLoS One , vol.5 , Issue.10
    • Wyatt, A.S.J.1    Waite, A.M.2    Humphries, S.3
  • 202
    • 0008955505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inshore rockfish assessment for the west coast of Canada in 1996 and recommended yields for 1997
    • Yamanaka KL, Kronlund AR (1997) Inshore rockfish assessment for the west coast of Canada in 1996 and recommended yields for 1997. Can Tech Rep Fish Aquat Sci 2175: 80.
    • (1997) Can Tech Rep Fish Aquat Sci , vol.2175 , pp. 80
    • Yamanaka, K.L.1    Kronlund, A.R.2
  • 203
    • 84879146854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research catch and effort data on nearshore reef-fishes in British Columbia Statistical Area 12
    • Yamanaka KL, Lacko LC (2008) Research catch and effort data on nearshore reef-fishes in British Columbia Statistical Area 12. Can Tech Rep Fish Aquat Sci 2803: 45.
    • (2008) Can Tech Rep Fish Aquat Sci , vol.2803 , pp. 45
    • Yamanaka, K.L.1    Lacko, L.C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.