Towards complete eradication of hepatitis B infection from perinatal transmission: Review of the mechanisms of in utero infection and the use of antiviral treatment during pregnancy

European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology

Volumn 169, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 17-23

  Cheung, K W ^a   Seto, M T Y ^a   Wong, S F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Antiviral agent; Hepatitis B virus; Immunization; Infection transmission; Maternal foetal; Pregnancy

Indexed keywords

ADEFOVIR; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; ENTECAVIR; HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN; HEPATITIS B(E) ANTIGEN; LAMIVUDINE; PLACEBO; TELBIVUDINE; TENOFOVIR; VIRUS DNA;

BIRTH DEFECT; CHRONIC HEPATITIS; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GAMETE; HEALTH STATUS; HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS B VIRUS; HUMAN; IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS; MATERNAL DISEASE; METRITIS; PATHOGEN CLEARANCE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERINATAL PERIOD; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; TERATOGENICITY; THIRD TRIMESTER PREGNANCY; TREATMENT FAILURE; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; VIREMIA;

EID: 84879124043     PISSN: 03012115     EISSN: 18727654     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.02.001     Document Type: Review

References (69)

1. World Health Organization. Hepatitis B. Fact sheet no. 204; July 2012. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs2.
2. World Health Organization. Department of Communicable Diseases Surveillance and Response. Hepatitis B; 2002. http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ hepatitis/Hepatitis.
3. E. Franco, B. Bagnato, and M.G. Marino Epidemiology and prevention in developing countries World Journal of Hepatology 4 2012 74 80
4. W.J. Edmunds, G.F. Medley, D.J. Nokes, A.J. Hall, and H.C. Whittle The influence of age on the development of the hepatitis B carrier state Proceedings of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences 253 1993 197 201
5. C.E. Stevens, R.P. Beasley, J. Tsui, and W.C. Lee Vertical transmission of hepatitis B antigen in Taiwan New England Journal of Medicine 292 1975 771 774
6. R.P. Beasley, C. Trepo, C.E. Stevens, and W. Szmuness The e antigen and vertical transmission of hepatitis B surface antigen American Journal of Epidemiology 105 1977 94 98
7. M.H. Chang, C.J. Chen, and M.S. Lai Universal hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children. Taiwan childhood hepatoma study group New England Journal of Medicine 336 1997 1855 1859
8. C.Y. Chan, S.D. Lee, and K.J. Lo Legend of hepatitis B vaccination: the Taiwan experience Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 19 2004 121 126
9. C. Lee, Y. Gong, J. Brok, E.H. Boxall, and C. Gluud Effect of hepatitis B immunisation in newborn infants of mothers positive for hepatitis B surface antigen: systematic review and meta-analysis BMJ 332 2006 328 336
10. A.R. Zanetti, P. Van Damme, and D. Shouval The global impact of vaccination against hepatitis B: a historical overview Vaccine 26 2008 6266 6273
11. M.H. Chang, S.L. You, and C.J. Chen Decreased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B vaccinees: a 20-year follow-up study Journal of the National Cancer Institute 101 2009 1348 1355
12. B.J. McMahon, L.R. Bulkow, and R.J. Singleton Elimination of hepatocellular carcinoma and acute hepatitis B in children 25 years after a hepatitis B newborn and catch-up immunization program Hepatology 54 2011 801 807
13. Z. Luo, L. Li, and B. Ruan Impact of the implementation of a vaccination strategy on hepatitis B virus infections in China over a 20-year period International Journal of Infectious Diseases 16 2012 e82 e88
14. H.L. Chen, L.H. Lin, and F.C. Hu Effects of maternal screening and universal immunization to prevent mother-to-infant transmission of HBV Gastroenterology 142 2012 773-81 e2
15. D. Ganem, and R.J. Schneider D.M. Knipe, P.M. Howley, Hepadnaviridae: the viruses and their replication 4th ed. 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Philadelphia, PA 2923 2969
16. J.S. Wang, and Q.R. Zhu Infection of the fetus with hepatitis B e antigen via the placenta Lancet 355 2000 989
17. D.R. Milich, J.E. Jones, and J.L. Hughes Is a function of the secreted hepatitis B e antigen to induce immunologic tolerance in utero? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 87 1990 6599 6603
18. D. Milich, and T.J. Liang Exploring the biological basis of hepatitis B e antigen in hepatitis B virus infection Hepatology 38 2003 1075 1086
19. S. Wong, L.Y. Chan, V. Yu, L. Ho, and Hepatitis B carrier and perinatal outcome in singleton pregnancy American Journal of Perinatology 16 1999 485 488
20. K.Y. Tse, L.F. Ho, and T. Lao The impact of maternal HBsAg carrier status on pregnancy outcomes: a case-control study Journal of Hepatology 43 2005 771 775
21. T.G. Wegmann, H. Lin, L. Guilbert, and T.R. Mosmann Bidirectional cytokine interactions in the maternal-fetal relationship: is successful pregnancy a TH2 phenomenon? Immunology Today 14 1993 353 356
22. H.Y. Wong, J.Y. Tan, and C.C. Lim Abnormal liver function tests in the symptomatic pregnant patient: the local experience in Singapore Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore 33 2004 204 208
23. A. Söderström, G. Norkrans, and M. Lindh Hepatitis B virus DNA during pregnancy and post partum: aspects on vertical transmission Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 35 2003 814 819
24. M.J. ter Borg, W.F. Leemans, R.A. de Man, and H.L. Janssen Exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B infection after delivery Journal of Viral Hepatitis 15 2008 37 41
25. H.H. Lin, P.J. Chen, and D.S. Chen Postpartum subsidence of hepatitis B viral replication in HBeAg-positive carrier mothers Journal of Medical Virology 29 1989 1 6
26. H.H. Lin, W.Y. Wu, J.H. Kao, and D.S. Chen Hepatitis B post-partum e antigen clearance in hepatitis B carrier mothers: correlation with viral characteristics Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 21 2006 605 609
27. M. Hadchouel, J. Scotto, and J.L. Huret Presence of HBV DNA in spermatozoa: a possible vertical transmission of HBV via the germ line Journal of Medical Virology 16 1985 61 66
28. J.M. Huang, T.H. Huang, and H.Y. Qiu Effects of hepatitis B virus infection on human sperm chromosomes World Journal of Gastroenterology 9 2003 736 740
29. B.A. Ali, T.H. Huang, H.H. Salem, and Q.D. Xie Expression of hepatitis B virus genes in early embryonic cells originated from hamster ova and human spermatozoa transfected with the complete viral genome Asian Journal of Andrology 8 2006 273 279
30. F. Ye, Y. Yue, and S. Li Presence of HBsAg, HBcAg, and HBV DNA in ovary and ovum of the patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 194 2006 387 392
31. R. Nie, L. Jin, and H. Zhang Presence of hepatitis B virus in oocytes and embryos: a risk of hepatitis B virus transmission during in vitro fertilization Fertility and Sterility 95 2011 1667 1671
32. X.L. Hu, X.P. Zhou, and Y.L. Qian The presence and expression of the hepatitis B virus in human oocytes and embryos Human Reproduction 26 2011 1860 1867
33. D.Z. Xu, Y.P. Yan, and B.C. Choi Risk factors and mechanism of transplacental transmission of hepatitis B virus: a case-control study Journal of Medical Virology 67 2002 20 26
34. D.Z. Xu, Y.P. Yan, and S. Zou Role of placental tissues in the intrauterine transmission of hepatitis B virus American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 185 2001 981 987
35. S.L. Zhang, Y.F. Yue, G.Q. Bai, L. Shi, and H. Jiang Mechanism of intrauterine infection of hepatitis B virus World Journal of Gastroenterology 10 2004 437 438
36. H. Bai, L. Zhang, and L. Ma Relationship of hepatitis B virus infection of placental barrier and hepatitis B virus intra-uterine transmission mechanism World Journal of Gastroenterology 13 2007 3625 3630
37. T.M. Ko, L.H. Tseng, and M.H. Chang Amniocentesis in mothers who are hepatitis B virus carriers does not expose the infant to an increased risk of hepatitis B virus infection Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 255 1994 25 30
38. J.M. Alexander, R. Ramus, G. Jackson, B. Sercely, and G.D. Wendel Jr. Risk of hepatitis B transmission after amniocentesis in chronic hepatitis B carriers Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 7 1999 283 286
39. C.V. Towers, T. Asrat, and P. Rumney The presence of hepatitis B surface antigen and deoxyribonucleic acid in amniotic fluid and cord blood American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 184 2001 1514 1518 discussion 8-20
40. Y.Y. Zhu, Y.Z. Mao, W.L. Wu, Q.X. Cai, and X.H. Lin Does hepatitis B virus prenatal transmission result in postnatal immunoprophylaxis failure? Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 17 2010 1836 1841
41. M. Lopez, and O. Coll Chronic viral infections and invasive procedures: risk of vertical transmission and current recommendations Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 28 2010 1 8
42. S.D. Lee, K.J. Lo, and Y.T. Tsai Role of caesarean section in prevention of mother-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus Lancet 2 1988 833 834
43. J. Wang, Q. Zhu, and X. Zhang Effect of delivery mode on maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus by immunoprophylaxis Chinese Medical Journal 115 2002 1510 1512
44. Y.M. Song, J. Sung, and S. Yang Factors associated with immunoprophylaxis failure against vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus European Journal of Pediatrics 166 2007 813 818
45. H. Zou, Y. Chen, Z. Duan, H. Zhang, and C. Pan Virologic factors associated with failure to passive-active immunoprophylaxis in infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers Journal of Viral Hepatitis 19 2012 e18 e25
46. A.E. Fiore Chronic maternal hepatitis B infection and premature rupture of membranes Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 21 2002 357 358
47. R.L. Zhang, Q.Y. Chen, and J.X. Xie Risk factors for paternal vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 44 2009 805 808
48. R.L. Zhang, Y. Luo, and J.X. Xie A correlation analysis between the rate of vertical transmission of HBV and HBsAg-positive father to infant and the rate of neonatal cord blood HBV-DNA Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 31 2010 159 162
49. E. Wiseman, M.A. Fraser, and S. Holden Perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus: an Australian experience Medical Journal of Australia 190 2009 489 492
50. N.H. Bzowej Optimal management of the hepatitis B patient who desires pregnancy or is pregnant Current Hepatitis Reports 11 2012 82 89
51. L. Mandelbrot, A. Landreau-Mascaro, and C. Rekacewicz Lamivudine-zidovudine combination for prevention of maternal-infant transmission of HIV-1 The Journal of the American Medical Association 285 2001 2083 2093
52. R. Gupta, T. Warren, and A. Wald Genital herpes Lancet 370 2007 2127 2137
53. R.S. Brown, E.C. Verna, and M.R. Pereira Hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus drugs in pregnancy: findings from the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry Journal of Hepatology 57 2012 953 959
54. D.M. Gibb, H. Kizito, and E.C. Russell Pregnancy and infant outcomes among HIV-infected women taking long-term ART with and without tenofovir in the DART trial PLoS Medicine 9 2012 e1001217
55. C. Thorne, and M.L. Newell Safety of agents used to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV: is there any cause for concern? Drug Safety 30 2007 203 213
56. G.R. Han, M.K. Cao, and W. Zhao A prospective and open-label study for the efficacy and safety of telbivudine in pregnancy for the prevention of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus infection Journal of Hepatology 55 2011 1215 1221
57. C.Q. Pan, G.R. Han, and H.X. Jiang Telbivudine prevents vertical transmission from HBeAg-positive women with chronic hepatitis B Clinical Gastroenterology Hepatology 10 2012 520 526
58. A.B. van Nunen, R.A. de Man, R.A. Heijtink, H.G. Niesters, and S.W. Schalm Lamivudine in the last 4 weeks of pregnancy to prevent perinatal transmission in highly viremic chronic hepatitis B patients Journal of Hepatology 32 2000 1040 1041
59. W.M. Xu, Y.T. Cui, and L. Wang Lamivudine in late pregnancy to prevent perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus infection: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study Journal of Viral Hepatitis 16 2009 94 103
60. Z. Shi, Y. Yang, L. Ma, X. Li, and A. Schreiber Lamivudine in late pregnancy to interrupt in utero transmission of hepatitis B virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis Obstetrics and Gynecology 116 2010 147 159
61. L. Han, H.W. Zhang, and J.X. Xie A meta-analysis of lamivudine for interruption of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus World Journal of Gastroenterology 17 2011 4321 4333
62. C.Q. Pan, L.J. Mi, and C. Bunchorntavakul Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for prevention of vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus infection by highly viremic pregnant women: a case series Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2012
63. A.S. Lok, C.L. Lai, and N. Leung Long-term safety of lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B Gastroenterology 125 2003 1714 1722
64. E. Ridruejo, and M.O. Silva Safety of long-term nucleos(t)ide treatment in chronic hepatitis B Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 11 2012 357 360
65. Z. Shi, X. Li, L. Ma, and Y. Yang Hepatitis B immunoglobulin injection in pregnancy to interrupt hepatitis B virus mother-to-child transmission-a meta-analysis International Journal of Infectious Diseases 14 2010 622 634
66. Comprehensive immunization strategy to eliminate transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) part 1: immunization of infants, children, and adolescents MMWR Recommendations and Reports 54 RR-16 2005 1 31
67. S.N. Kazim, S.M. Wakil, L.A. Khan, S.E. Hasnain, and S.K. Sarin Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus despite maternal lamivudine therapy Lancet 359 2002 1488 1489
68. S. Wang, G. Peng, and M. Li Identification of hepatitis B virus vertical transmission from father to fetus by direct sequencing Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 34 2003 106 113
69. C.I. Kwon, S.G. Hwang, and S.J. Shin Occult hepatitis B virus infection in pregnant woman and its clinical implication Liver International 28 2008 667 674