Development and preliminary validation of a screen for interpersonal childhood trauma experiences among school-going youth in Durban, South Africa

Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 23-34

  Collings, Steven J ^a   Valjee, Sachet R ^a   Penning, Susan L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; ASSAULT; CHILD; CHILD NEGLECT; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; COMMUNITY ASSAULT; DOMESTIC ASSAULT; EMOTIONAL ABUSE; FEMALE; HUMAN; INDECENT ASSAULT; INTERPERSONAL CHILDHOOD TRAUMA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PERSONAL EXPERIENCE; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; POVERTY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PSYCHOTRAUMA; RAPE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SCHOOL; SCHOOL CHILD; SCREENING; SOUTH AFRICA; WITNESSING COMMUNITY VIOLENCE; WITNESSING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE;

EID: 84879093588     PISSN: 17280583     EISSN: 17280591     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2012.722552     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Barbarin OA, Richter L. 2001. Economic status, community danger, and psychological problems among South African children. Childhood 8: 133-155.
2. Barbarin OA, Richter L, deWet T. 2000. Exposure to violence, coping resources, and psychological adjustment of South African children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 71: 16-25.
3. Bernstein D, Fink L, Handelsman L, Foote J, Lovejoy M, Wenzel K, Sapareto E, Ruggiero J. 1994. Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. American Journal of Psychiatry 151: 1132-1136.
4. Bernstein DP, Stein JA, Newcomb MD, Walker E, Pogge D, Ahluvalia T, Stokes J, Handelsman L, Medrano M, Desmond D, Zule W. 2003. Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse & Neglect 27: 169-190.
5. Briere J. 1995. Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI). Odessa, Florida: Psychological Assessment Resources.
6. Briere J. 2005. Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children. Odessa, Florida: Psychological Assessment Resources.
7. Cloitre M, Stolbach BC, Herman JL, van der Kolk B, Pynoos R, Wang J, Petkova E. 2009. A developmental approach to complex PTSD: Childhood and adult cumulative trauma as predictors of symptom complexity. Journal of Traumatic Stress 22: 399-408.
8. Cook A, Spinazzola J, Ford J, Lanktree C, Blaustein M, LCloitre M, DeRosa R, Hubbard R, Kagan R, Liautaud J, Mallah K, Olafson E, van der Kolk B. 2005. Complex trauma in children and adolescents. Psychiatric Annals 35: 390-398.
9. Courtois CA, Ford JD. 2009. Treating complex traumatic stress disorders: An evidence-based guide. New York: The Guilford Press.
10. Davidson J. 2003. Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS). North Tonawanda, New York: Multi-Health Systems.
11. Dunne MP, Zolotor AJ, Runyan DK, Andreva-Mille I, Choo WY, Dunne SK, Gerbaka B, Isaeva O, Jain D, Kasim MS, Macfarlane B, Mamyrova N, Ramirez C, Volkova E, Youssef R. 2009. ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tools Retrospective version (ICAST-R): Delphi study and field testing in seven countries. Child Abuse & Neglect 33: 815-825.
12. Ensink K, Robertson BA, Zissis C, Leger P. 1997. Post-traumatic stress disorder in children exposed to violence. South African Medical Journal 87: 1526-1530.
13. Fink LA, Bernstein D, Hendelsman L, Foote J, Lovejoy M. 1995. Initial reliability and validity of the childhood trauma interview: A new multidimensional measure of childhood interpersonal trauma. American Journal of Psychiatry 152: 1329-1335.
14. Finkelhor D, Hamby SL, Ormrod R, Turner H. 2005. The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire: Reliability, validity, and national norms. Child Abuse & Neglect 29: 383-412.
15. Ford JD, Courtois CA. 2009. Defining and understanding complex trauma and complex traumatic stress disorders. In: Courtois CA, Ford JD (eds), Treating complex traumatic stress disorder: an evidence-based guide. New York: The Guilford Press. pp 13-30.
16. Foster JD, Kuperminc GP, Price AW. 2004. Gender differences in posttraumatic stress and related symptoms among inner-city minority youth exposed to community violence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 33: 59-69.
17. Gupta JG, Silverman JG, Hemeway D, Acevedo-Garcia D, Stein DJ, Williams DR. 2008. Physical violence against intimate partners and related exposure to violence among South African men. Canadian Medical Association Journal 9: 535-541.
18. Herman JL. 1992a. Complex PTSD: A syndrome in survivors of prolonged and repeated trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress 5: 377-391.
19. Herman JL. 1992b. Trauma and recovery: From domestic abuse to political terror. London: Basic Books.
20. Herman JL. 2009. Foreword. In: Courtois CA, Ford JD (eds), Treating complex traumatic stress disorder: An evidence-based guide. New York: The Guilford Press. pp xiii-xvii.
21. Kawachi I, Subramanian SV. 2006. Measuring and modeling the social and geographic context of trauma: A multilevel modeling approach. Journal of Traumatic Stress 19: 195-203.
22. Kithakye M, Morris AS, Terranova AM, Myers SS. 2010. The Kenyan political conflict and children's adjustment. Child Development 81: 1114-1128.
23. Klasen F, Oettingen G, Daniels J, Post M, Hoyer C, Adams H. 2010. Posttraumatic resilience in former Ugandan child soldiers. Child Development 81: 1096-1113.
24. Lobbestael J, Arntz A, Harkema-Schouten P, Bernstein D. 2009. Development and psychometric evaluation of a new assessment method for childhood maltreatment experiences: The interview for traumatic events of childhood (ITEC). Child Abuse & Neglect 33: 505-517.
25. Luxenberg T, Spinazzola J, van der Kolk BA. 2001. Complex trauma and extreme stress (DESNOS) diagnosis, Part I. Assessment. Directions in Psychiatry 21: 373-393.
26. Patel V, Kleinman A. 2003. Poverty and common mental disorders in developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 81: 609-615.
27. Pelcovitz D, van der Kolk B, Roth S, Mandel F, Kaplan S, Resick P. 1997. Development of a criteria set and a structured interview for disorders of extreme stress (SIDES). Journal of Traumatic Stress 10: 3-16.
28. Qouta S, Punamäki R, Sarraj E. 2003. Prevalence and determinants of PTSD among Palestinian children exposed to military violence. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 12: 265-272.
29. Richters JE, Martinez, P. 1993. The NIMH community violence project 2: Children's distress and symptoms associated with violence exposure. Psychiatry 56: 22-35.
30. Rockers PC, Kruk ME, Saydee G, Varpilah T, Galea S. 2010. Village characteristics associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms in postconflict Liberia. Epidemiology 21: 454-458.
31. Roth S, Newman E, Pelcovitz D, van der Kolk B, Mandel FS. 1997. Complex PTSD in victims exposed to sexual and physical abuse: Results from the DSM-IV field trial for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress 10: 539-555.
32. Seedat S, van Nood E, Vythilingum B, Stein DJ, Kaminer D. 2000. School survey of exposure to violence and posttraumatic stress symptoms in adolescents. Southern African Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health 12: 38-44.
33. Seedat S, Nyamai C, Njenga FM, Vythilingum B, Stein DJ. 2004. Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress symptoms in urban African schools. British Journal of Psychiatry 184: 169-175.
34. Shields N, Nadasen K, Pierce L. 2008. The effects of community violence on children in Cape Town, South Africa. Child Abuse & Neglect 32: 589-601.
35. Shields N, Nadasen K, Pierce L. 2009. A comparison of the effects of witnessing community violence and direct victimization among children in Cape Town, South Africa. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 24: 1192-1208.
36. Spaccarelli S. 1994. Stress, appraisal, and coping in child sexual abuse: A theoretical and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin 116: 340-362.
37. Spinazzola J, Ford JD, Zucker M, van der Kolk BA, Siva S, Smith SF, Blaustein M. 2005. Survey evaluates complex trauma exposure among children and adolescents. Psychiatric Annals 35: 433-439.
38. Statistics South Africa. 2008. Income and expenditure of households in 2005/2006. Statistical Release No. P0100. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa.
39. Terr LC. 1991. Childhood trauma: An outline and overview. American Journal of Psychiatry 148: 10-20.
40. Thombs BD, Bernstein DP, Lobbestael J, Arntz A. 2009. A validation study of the Dutch Childhood Trauma Questionnaire -Short Form. Child Abuse & Neglect 33: 518-523.
41. UNICEF/UNAIDS. 2010. Children and AIDS: Fifth stocktaking report. New York: United Nations Children's Fund.
42. van der Kolk BA, Pelcovitz D, Roth S, Mandel FS, McFarlane A, Herman J. 1996. Dissociation, somatization, and affect dysregulation: The complexity of adaptation to trauma. American Journal of Psychiatry 153: 83-93.
43. van der Kolk BA. 2005a. Developmental trauma disorder: Towards a rational diagnosis for children with complex trauma histories. Psychiatric Annals 35: 401-408.
44. van der Kolk BA. 2005b. Editorial: Child abuse and victimization. Psychiatric Annals 35: 374-378.
45. van der Kolk BA, Cicchetti D, Cloitre M, D'Andrea W, Ford JD, Lieberman AF, Putnam FW, Saxe G, Spinazzola J, Stolbach BC, Teicher M. 2009. Proposal to include a Developmental Trauma Disorder diagnosis for children and adolescents in DSM-V. Available at http://www.cathymalchiodi.com/dtd-nctsn.pdf [accessed 10 February 2011].
46. Ward CL, Flisher AJ, Zissis M, Muller M, Lombard C. 2001. Exposure to violence and its relationship to psychopathology in adolescents. Injury Prevention 7: 297-301.
47. Zolotor AJ, Runyan DK, Dunne MP, Jain D, Péturs HR, Ramirez C, Volkova E, Deb, S, Lidchi V, Muhammad T, Isaeva O. 2009. ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool Children's Version (ICAST-C): Instrument development and multi-national pilot testing. Child Abuse & Neglect 33: 833-841.