Expert consensus of the French Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology and the French Society of Cardiology on the management of atrial fibrillation in elderly people

Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases

Volumn 106, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 303-323

  Hanon, Olivier ^a,b,c   Assayag, Patrick ^d,e,f   Belmin, Joel ^a,g,i   Collet, Jean Philippe ^d,h,i   Emeriau, Jean Paul ^a,j   Fauchier, Laurent ^d,k,l   Forette, Françoise ^a   Friocourt, Patrick ^a,m   Gentric, Armelle ^a,n,o   Leclercq, Christophe ^d,p,q   Komajda, Michel ^d,h,i   Le Heuzey, Jean Yves ^c,d,r  

^a Société Française de Gériatrie et Gérontologie   (France)

^b Paris Descartes University   (France)

^c UNIVERSITÉ PARIS DESCARTES   (France)

^d Societe Francaise de Cardiologie   (France)

^e BICÊTRE HOSPITAL   (France)

^f UNIVERSITÉ PARIS SACLAY   (France)

^g HÔPITAL CHARLES FOIX   (France)

^h PITIÉ SALPÊTRIÈRE HOSPITAL   (France)

ⁱ SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

^j BORDEAUX UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (France)

^k SERVICE DE DERMATOLOGIE   (France)

^l UNIVERSITÉ DE TOURS   (France)

^m Centre Hospitalier de Blois   (France)

ⁿ SERVICE DE RHUMATOLOGIE   (France)

^o UNIVERSITÉ DE BRETAGNE OCCIDENTALE   (France)

^p RENNES UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (France)

^q UNIVERSITÉ DE RENNES 1   (France)

^r HÔPITAL EUROPÉEN GEORGES POMPIDOU   (France)

more..

Author keywords

Arrhythmia; Atrial fibrillation; Consensus; Elderly; Guidelines

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTIVITAMIN K; APIXABAN; CLOPIDOGREL; DABIGATRAN; EDOXABAN; PLACEBO; RIVAROXABAN; WARFARIN;

ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; AGED; BARE METAL STENT; BLEEDING; BLOOD TESTIS BARRIER; BRADYCARDIA; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; CARDIOLOGY; CARDIOMYOPATHY; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CLINICAL FEATURE; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COMORBIDITY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; CREATININE CLEARANCE; DEMENTIA; DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER; DIABETES MELLITUS; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; FALL RISK; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; FRAIL ELDERLY; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; GAIT DISORDER; GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT; GERIATRICS; GERONTOLOGY; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HEART FAILURE; HEART RATE AND RHYTHM; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; KIDNEY FUNCTION; MALE; MEDICAL SOCIETY; MOOD DISORDER; MORTALITY; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; OBESITY; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; QUALITY OF LIFE; RESPIRATORY FAILURE; REVIEW; SINUS RHYTHM; SLEEP DISORDERED BREATHING; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY;

EID: 84879070075     PISSN: 18752136     EISSN: 18752128     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2013.04.001     Document Type: Short Survey

References (113)

1. V. Fuster, L.E. Ryden, and D.S. Cannom ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society Circulation 114 2006 e257 e354
2. M. Haissaguerre, P. Jais, and D.C. Shah Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins N Engl J Med 339 1998 659 666
3. A. Charlemagne, J. Blacher, and A. Cohen Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in France: extrapolation of international epidemiological data to France and analysis of French hospitalization data Arch Cardiovasc Dis 104 2011 115 124
4. J.Y. Le Heuzey, O. Paziaud, and O. Piot Cost of care distribution in atrial fibrillation patients: the COCAF study Am Heart J 147 2004 121 126
5. C. Bilato, M.C. Corti, and G. Baggio Prevalence, functional impact, and mortality of atrial fibrillation in an older Italian population (from the Pro.V.A. study) Am J Cardiol 104 2009 1092 1097
6. D. Bonhorst, M. Mendes, and P. Adragao Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the Portuguese population aged 40 and over: the FAMA study Rev Port Cardiol 29 2010 331 350
7. L. Cea-Calvo, J. Redon, and J.V. Lozano [Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the Spanish population aged 60 years or more, The PREV-ICTUS study] Rev Esp Cardiol 60 2007 616 624
8. A.S. Go, E.M. Hylek, and K.A. Phillips Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study JAMA 285 2001 2370 2375
9. L. Guize, F. Thomas, K. Bean, A. Benetos, and B. Pannier [Atrial fibrillation: prevalence, risk factors and mortality in a large French population with 15 years of follow-up] Bull Acad Natl Med 191 2007 791 803 [discussion 03-5]
10. J. Heeringa, D.A. van der Kuip, and A. Hofman Prevalence, incidence and lifetime risk of atrial fibrillation: the Rotterdam study Eur Heart J 27 2006 949 953
11. D. Hu, and Y. Sun Epidemiology, risk factors for stroke, and management of atrial fibrillation in China J Am Coll Cardiol 52 2008 865 868
12. J.H. Jeong Prevalence of and risk factors for atrial fibrillation in Korean adults older than 40 years J Korean Med Sci 20 2005 26 30
13. F.R. Lake, K.J. Cullen, N.H. de Klerk, M.G. McCall, and D.L. Rosman Atrial fibrillation and mortality in an elderly population Aust N Z J Med 19 1989 321 326
14. H. Stefansdottir, T. Aspelund, V. Gudnason, and D.O. Arnar Trends in the incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation in Iceland and future projections Europace 13 2011 1110 1117
15. B.M. Psaty, T.A. Manolio, and L.H. Kuller Incidence of and risk factors for atrial fibrillation in older adults Circulation 96 1997 2455 2461
16. P. Kirchhof, A. Auricchio, and J. Bax Outcome parameters for trials in atrial fibrillation: recommendations from a consensus conference organized by the German Atrial Fibrillation Competence NETwork and the European Heart Rhythm Association Europace 9 2007 1006 1023
17. R. Nieuwlaat, A. Capucci, and A.J. Camm Atrial fibrillation management: a prospective survey in ESC member countries: the Euro Heart Survey on Atrial Fibrillation Eur Heart J 26 2005 2422 2434
18. S. Stewart, C.L. Hart, D.J. Hole, and J.J. McMurray Population prevalence, incidence, and predictors of atrial fibrillation in the Renfrew/Paisley study Heart 86 2001 516 521
19. Y. Miyasaka, M.E. Barnes, and B.J. Gersh Secular trends in incidence of atrial fibrillation in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1980 to 2000, and implications on the projections for future prevalence Circulation 114 2006 119 125
20. W.A. Wattigney, G.A. Mensah, and J.B. Croft Increasing trends in hospitalization for atrial fibrillation in the United States, 1985 through 1999: implications for primary prevention Circulation 108 2003 711 716
21. E.J. Benjamin, D. Levy, S.M. Vaziri, R.B. D'Agostino, A.J. Belanger, and P.A. Wolf Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort. The Framingham Heart Study JAMA 271 1994 840 844
22. G.F. Mitchell, R.S. Vasan, and M.J. Keyes Pulse pressure and risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation JAMA 297 2007 709 715
23. M.C. Thomas, S. Dublin, and R.C. Kaplan Blood pressure control and risk of incident atrial fibrillation Am J Hypertens 21 2008 1111 1116
24. P. Verdecchia, J.A. Staessen, and F. Angeli Usual versus tight control of systolic blood pressure in non-diabetic patients with hypertension (Cardio-Sis): an open-label randomised trial Lancet 374 2009 525 533
25. J.S. Healey, A. Baranchuk, and E. Crystal Prevention of atrial fibrillation with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: a meta-analysis J Am Coll Cardiol 45 2005 1832 1839
26. M.P. Schneider, T.A. Hua, M. Bohm, K. Wachtell, S.E. Kjeldsen, and R.E. Schmieder Prevention of atrial fibrillation by Renin-Angiotensin system inhibition a meta-analysis J Am Coll Cardiol 55 2010 2299 2307
27. M. Disertori, R. Latini, and S. Barlera Valsartan for prevention of recurrent atrial fibrillation N Engl J Med 360 2009 1606 1617
28. T.J. Wang, M.G. Larson, and D. Levy Temporal relations of atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure and their joint influence on mortality: the Framingham Heart Study Circulation 107 2003 2920 2925
29. M.D. Flather, M.C. Shibata, and A.J. Coats Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with heart failure (SENIORS) Eur Heart J 26 2005 215 225
30. M. Komajda, O. Hanon, and M. Hochadel Management of octogenarians hospitalized for heart failure in Euro Heart Failure Survey I Eur Heart J 28 2007 1310 1318
31. W.B. Kannel, P.A. Wolf, E.J. Benjamin, and D. Levy Prevalence, incidence, prognosis, and predisposing conditions for atrial fibrillation: population-based estimates Am J Cardiol 82 1998 2N 9N
32. N. Wanahita, F.H. Messerli, S. Bangalore, A.S. Gami, V.K. Somers, and J.S. Steinberg Atrial fibrillation and obesity - results of a meta-analysis Am Heart J 155 2008 310 315
33. A.S. Gami, D.O. Hodge, and R.M. Herges Obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation J Am Coll Cardiol 49 2007 565 571
34. P. Forti, F. Maioli, N. Pisacane, E. Rietti, F. Montesi, and G. Ravaglia Atrial fibrillation and risk of dementia in non-demented elderly subjects with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Arch Gerontol Geriatr 44 Suppl. 1 2007 155 165
35. E.J. Benjamin, P.A. Wolf, R.B. D'Agostino, H. Silbershatz, W.B. Kannel, and D. Levy Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study Circulation 98 1998 946 952
36. S. Stewart, C.L. Hart, D.J. Hole, and J.J. McMurray A population-based study of the long-term risks associated with atrial fibrillation: 20-year follow-up of the Renfrew/Paisley study Am J Med 113 2002 359 364
37. R. Nieuwlaat, M.H. Prins, and J.Y. Le Heuzey Prognosis, disease progression, and treatment of atrial fibrillation patients during 1 year: follow-up of the Euro Heart Survey on atrial fibrillation Eur Heart J 29 2008 1181 1189
38. J. Mant, F.D. Hobbs, and K. Fletcher Warfarin versus aspirin for stroke prevention in an elderly community population with atrial fibrillation (the Birmingham Atrial Fibrillation Treatment of the Aged Study, BAFTA): a randomised controlled trial Lancet 370 2007 493 503
39. P.A. Wolf, J.B. Mitchell, C.S. Baker, W.B. Kannel, and R.B. D'Agostino Impact of atrial fibrillation on mortality, stroke, and medical costs Arch Intern Med 158 1998 229 234
40. P.A. Wolf, R.D. Abbott, and W.B. Kannel Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study Stroke 22 1991 983 988
41. Risk factors for stroke and efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. Analysis of pooled data from five randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 1994;154:1449-57.
42. B.F. Gage, A.D. Waterman, W. Shannon, M. Boechler, M.W. Rich, and M.J. Radford Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation JAMA 285 2001 2864 2870
43. A.J. Camm, G.Y. Lip, and R. De Caterina 2012 focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: an update of the 2010 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association Eur Heart J 33 2012 2719 2747
44. G.Y. Lip, R. Nieuwlaat, R. Pisters, D.A. Lane, and H.J. Crijns Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the Euro Heart Survey on atrial fibrillation Chest 137 2010 263 272
45. P. Appelros, I. Nydevik, and M. Viitanen Poor outcome after first-ever stroke: predictors for death, dependency, and recurrent stroke within the first year Stroke 34 2003 122 126
46. H.J. Lin, P.A. Wolf, and M. Kelly-Hayes Stroke severity in atrial fibrillation. The Framingham Study Stroke 27 1996 1760 1764
47. Y. Miyasaka, M.E. Barnes, and B.J. Gersh Time trends of ischemic stroke incidence and mortality in patients diagnosed with first atrial fibrillation in 1980 to 2000: report of a community-based study Stroke 36 2005 2362 2366
48. Y. Schwammenthal, N. Bornstein, and E. Schwammenthal Relation of effective anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation to stroke severity and survival (from the National Acute Stroke Israeli Survey [NASIS]) Am J Cardiol 105 2010 411 416
49. S. Knecht, C. Oelschlager, and T. Duning Atrial fibrillation in stroke-free patients is associated with memory impairment and hippocampal atrophy Eur Heart J 29 2008 2125 2132
50. A. Ott, M.M. Breteler, M.C. de Bruyne, F. van Harskamp, D.E. Grobbee, and A. Hofman Atrial fibrillation and dementia in a population-based study. The Rotterdam Study Stroke 28 1997 316 321
51. S. Kalantarian, T.A. Stern, M. Mansour, and J.N. Ruskin Cognitive impairment associated with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis Ann Intern Med 158 2013 338 346
52. D.A. Lane, and G.Y. Lip Quality of life in older people with atrial fibrillation J Interv Card Electrophysiol 25 2009 37 42
53. J.R. Mehall, R.M. Kohut Jr., E.W. Schneeberger, W.H. Merrill, and R.K. Wolf Absence of correlation between symptoms and rhythm in " symptomatic" atrial fibrillation Ann Thorac Surg 83 2007 2118 2121
54. A. Nergardh, and M. Frick Perceived heart rhythm in relation to ECG findings after direct current cardioversion of atrial fibrillation Heart 92 2006 1244 1247
55. C. Kerr, J. Boone, and S. Connolly Follow-up of atrial fibrillation: the initial experience of the Canadian Registry of Atrial Fibrillation Eur Heart J 17 Suppl. C 1996 48 51
56. N. Dagres, R. Nieuwlaat, and P.E. Vardas Gender-related differences in presentation, treatment, and outcome of patients with atrial fibrillation in Europe: a report from the Euro Heart Survey on Atrial Fibrillation J Am Coll Cardiol 49 2007 572 577
57. S. Levy, M. Maarek, and P. Coumel Characterization of different subsets of atrial fibrillation in general practice in France: the ALFA study. The College of French Cardiologists Circulation 99 1999 3028 3035
58. G. Cooke, J. Doust, and S. Sanders Is pulse palpation helpful in detecting atrial fibrillation? A systematic review J Fam Pract 55 2006 130 134
59. M.F. Folstein, S.E. Folstein, and P.R. McHugh "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician J Psychiatr Res 12 1975 189 198
60. M.P. Lawton, and E.M. Brody Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living Gerontologist 9 1969 179 186
61. C.B. Nemeroff The curiously strong relationship between cardiovascular disease and depression in the elderly Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 16 2008 857 860
62. V. Fuster, L.E. Ryden, and R.W. Asinger ACC/AHA/ESC Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Executive Summary A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines and Policy Conferences (Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation) Developed in Collaboration With the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology Circulation 104 2001 2118 2150
63. R.G. Hart, L.A. Pearce, and M.I. Aguilar Meta-analysis: antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation Ann Intern Med 146 2007 857 867
64. A. Rash, T. Downes, R. Portner, W.W. Yeo, N. Morgan, and K.S. Channer A randomised controlled trial of warfarin versus aspirin for stroke prevention in octogenarians with atrial fibrillation (WASPO) Age Ageing 36 2007 151 156
65. A.J. Camm, P. Kirchhof, and G.Y. Lip Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Eur Heart J 31 2010 2369 2429
66. I. Gouin-Thibault, C. Levy, and E. Pautas Improving anticoagulation control in hospitalized elderly patients on warfarin J Am Geriatr Soc 58 2010 242 247
67. V. Siguret, I. Gouin, and M. Debray Initiation of warfarin therapy in elderly medical inpatients: a safe and accurate regimen Am J Med 118 2005 137 142
68. S.J. Connolly, M.D. Ezekowitz, and S. Yusuf Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation N Engl J Med 361 2009 1139 1151
69. M.R. Patel, K.W. Mahaffey, and J. Garg Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation N Engl J Med 365 2011 883 891
70. C.B. Granger, J.H. Alexander, and J.J. McMurray Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation N Engl J Med 365 2011 981 992
71. C.T. Ruff, R.P. Giugliano, and E.M. Antman Evaluation of the novel factor Xa inhibitor edoxaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: design and rationale for the Effective aNticoaGulation with factor xA next GEneration in Atrial Fibrillation-Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction study 48 (ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48) Am Heart J 160 2010 635 641
72. J.W. Eikelboom, L. Wallentin, and S.J. Connolly Risk of bleeding with 2 doses of dabigatran compared with warfarin in older and younger patients with atrial fibrillation: an analysis of the randomized evaluation of long-term anticoagulant therapy (RE-LY) trial Circulation 123 2011 2363 2372
73. K.A. Fox, J.P. Piccini, and D. Wojdyla Prevention of stroke and systemic embolism with rivaroxaban compared with warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and moderate renal impairment Eur Heart J 32 2011 2387 2394
74. S.J. Connolly, J. Eikelboom, and C. Joyner Apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation N Engl J Med 364 2011 806 817
75. C.S. Miller, S.M. Grandi, A. Shimony, K.B. Filion, and M.J. Eisenberg Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban) versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation Am J Cardiol 110 2012 453 460
76. S.J. Connolly, J. Pogue, and R.G. Hart Effect of clopidogrel added to aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation N Engl J Med 360 2009 2066 2078
77. J.M. Ruiz-Nodar, F. Marin, and J.A. Hurtado Anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy use in 426 patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and stent implantation implications for bleeding risk and prognosis J Am Coll Cardiol 51 2008 818 825
78. E. Lau, T.J. Bungard, and R.T. Tsuyuki Stroke prophylaxis in institutionalized elderly patients with atrial fibrillation J Am Geriatr Soc 52 2004 428 433
79. A. Tilly-Gentric [Anticoagulation in permanent atrial fibrillation after 75 years of age] Rev Med Interne 23 2002 834 839
80. J.D. Douketis, K. Arneklev, S.Z. Goldhaber, J. Spandorfer, F. Halperin, and J. Horrow Comparison of bleeding in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation treated with ximelagatran or warfarin: assessment of incidence, case-fatality rate, time course and sites of bleeding, and risk factors for bleeding Arch Intern Med 166 2006 853 859
81. M.C. Fang, A.S. Go, and Y. Chang Death and disability from warfarin-associated intracranial and extracranial hemorrhages Am J Med 120 2007 700 705
82. E.M. Hylek, C. Evans-Molina, C. Shea, L.E. Henault, and S. Regan Major hemorrhage and tolerability of warfarin in the first year of therapy among elderly patients with atrial fibrillation Circulation 115 2007 2689 2696
83. G. Palareti, N. Leali, and S. Coccheri Bleeding complications of oral anticoagulant treatment: an inception-cohort, prospective collaborative study (ISCOAT). Italian Study on Complications of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy Lancet 348 1996 423 428
84. S. Schulman, and practice. Clinical Care of patients receiving long-term anticoagulant therapy N Engl J Med 349 2003 675 683
85. L.G. Jacobs Warfarin pharmacology, clinical management, and evaluation of hemorrhagic risk for the elderly Cardiol Clin 26 2008 157 167 v
86. M. Torn, W.L. Bollen, F.J. van der Meer, E.E. van der Wall, and F.R. Rosendaal Risks of oral anticoagulant therapy with increasing age Arch Intern Med 165 2005 1527 1532
87. P. Pouyanne, F. Haramburu, J.L. Imbs, and B. Begaud Admissions to hospital caused by adverse drug reactions: cross sectional incidence study. French Pharmacovigilance Centres BMJ 320 2000 1036
88. E.M. Hylek, A.S. Go, and Y. Chang Effect of intensity of oral anticoagulation on stroke severity and mortality in atrial fibrillation N Engl J Med 349 2003 1019 1026
89. E.M. Hylek, and D.E. Singer Risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage in outpatients taking warfarin Ann Intern Med 120 1994 897 902
90. E. Pautas, I. Gouin-Thibault, M. Debray, P. Gaussem, and V. Siguret Haemorrhagic complications of vitamin K antagonists in the elderly: risk factors and management Drugs Aging 23 2006 13 25
91. R.J. Beyth, L.M. Quinn, and C.S. Landefeld Prospective evaluation of an index for predicting the risk of major bleeding in outpatients treated with warfarin Am J Med 105 1998 91 99
92. B.F. Gage, Y. Yan, and P.E. Milligan Clinical classification schemes for predicting hemorrhage: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (NRAF) Am Heart J 151 2006 713 719
93. P.M. Kuijer, B.A. Hutten, M.H. Prins, and H.R. Buller Prediction of the risk of bleeding during anticoagulant treatment for venous thromboembolism Arch Intern Med 159 1999 457 460
94. R. Pisters, D.A. Lane, R. Nieuwlaat, C.B. de Vos, H.J. Crijns, and G.Y. Lip A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart Survey Chest 138 2010 1093 1100
95. T.I. Shireman, J.D. Mahnken, P.A. Howard, T.F. Kresowik, Q. Hou, and E.F. Ellerbeck Development of a contemporary bleeding risk model for elderly warfarin recipients Chest 130 2006 1390 1396
96. B.F. Gage, E. Birman-Deych, R. Kerzner, M.J. Radford, D.S. Nilasena, and M.W. Rich Incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation who are prone to fall Am J Med 118 2005 612 617
97. D. Poli, E. Antonucci, S. Testa, A. Tosetto, W. Ageno, and G. Palareti Bleeding risk in very old patients on vitamin K antagonist treatment: results of a prospective collaborative study on elderly patients followed by Italian Centres for Anticoagulation Circulation 124 2011 824 829
98. G.Y. Lip, L. Frison, J.L. Halperin, and D.A. Lane Comparative validation of a novel risk score for predicting bleeding risk in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation: the HAS-BLED (Hypertension, Abnormal Renal/Liver Function, Stroke, Bleeding History or Predisposition, Labile INR, Elderly Drugs/Alcohol Concomitantly) score J Am Coll Cardiol 57 2011 173 180
99. W.S. Aronow Management of atrial fibrillation in the elderly Minerva Med 100 2009 3 24
100. D.G. Wyse Pharmacotherapy for rhythm management in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation J Interv Card Electrophysiol 25 2009 25 29
101. D.G. Wyse, A.L. Waldo, and J.P. DiMarco A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation N Engl J Med 347 2002 1825 1833
102. D.A. Marshall, A.R. Levy, and H. Vidaillet Cost-effectiveness of rhythm versus rate control in atrial fibrillation Ann Intern Med 141 2004 653 661
103. I.C. Van Gelder, H.F. Groenveld, and H.J. Crijns Lenient versus strict rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation N Engl J Med 362 2010 1363 1373
104. B. Olshansky, L.E. Rosenfeld, and A.L. Warner The Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) study: approaches to control rate in atrial fibrillation J Am Coll Cardiol 43 2004 1201 1208
105. P. Hallberg, J. Lindback, B. Lindahl, U. Stenestrand, and H. Melhus Digoxin and mortality in atrial fibrillation: a prospective cohort study Eur J Clin Pharmacol 63 2007 959 971
106. S.H. Hohnloser, H.J. Crijns, and M. van Eickels Effect of dronedarone on cardiovascular events in atrial fibrillation N Engl J Med 360 2009 668 678
107. L. Kober, C. Torp-Pedersen, and J.J. McMurray Increased mortality after dronedarone therapy for severe heart failure N Engl J Med 358 2008 2678 2687
108. S.J. Connolly, A.J. Camm, and J.L. Halperin Dronedarone in high-risk permanent atrial fibrillation N Engl J Med 365 2011 2268 2276
109. J. de Rotrou, L. Battal-Merlet, and E. Wenisch Relevance of 10-min delayed recall in dementia screening Eur J Neurol 14 2007 144 149
110. J. Belmin, S. Pariel-Madjlessi, and P. Surun The cognitive disorders examination (Codex) is a reliable 3-minute test for detection of dementia in the elderly (validation study on 323 subjects) Presse Med 36 2007 1183 1190
111. S. Katz, A.B. Ford, R.W. Moskowitz, B.A. Jackson, and M.W. Jaffe Studies of illness in the aged. The Index of Adl: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function JAMA 185 1963 914 919
112. P. Barberger-Gateau, J.F. Dartigues, and L. Letenneur Four Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Score as a predictor of one-year incident dementia Age Ageing 22 1993 457 463
113. J.P. Clement, R.F. Nassif, J.M. Leger, and F. Marchan [Development and contribution to the validation of a brief French version of the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale] Encephale 23 1997 91 99