Evolution of particle composition in CLOUD nucleation experiments

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 13, Issue 11, 2013, Pages 5587-5600

  Keskinen, H ^a   Virtanen, A ^a   Joutsensaari, J ^a   Tsagkogeorgas, G ^b   Duplissy, J ^c   Schobesberger, S ^c   Gysel, M ^d   Riccobono, F ^d   Slowik, J G ^d   Bianchi, F ^d   Yli Juuti, T ^c   Lehtipalo, K ^c   Rondo, L ^e   Breitenlechner, M ^f   Kupc, A ^g   Almeida, J ^e   Amorim, A ^h   Dunne, E M ^i,j   Downard, A J ^k   Ehrhart, S ^e   Franchin, A ^c   Kajos, M K ^c   Kirkby, J ^l   Kurten A ^f   Nieminen, T ^c   Makhmutov, V ^m   Mathot, S ^l   Miettinen, P ^a   Onnela, A ^l   Petaja T ^c   Praplan, A ^d   Santos, F D ^h   Schallhart, S ^c   Sipila M ^c   Stozhkov, Y ^m   Tome A ⁿ   Vaattovaara, P ^a   Wimmer, D ^e   Prevot, A ^d   Dommen, J ^d   Donahue, N M ^o   Flagan, R C ^k   Weingartner, E ^d   Viisanen, Y ^j   Riipinen, I ^p   Hansel, A ^f,q   Curtius, J ^e   Kulmala, M ^c   Worsnop, D R ^a,c,r   Baltensperger, U ^d   Wex, H ^b   Stratmann, F ^b   Laaksonen, A ^a,j   more..

^a UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN FINLAND   (Finland)

^b POTSDAM INSTITUTE FOR CLIMATE IMPACT RESEARCH PIK   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^d PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUTE   (Switzerland)

^e GOETHE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^f UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK   (Austria)

^g UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

^h UNIVERSITY OF LISBON   (Portugal)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^j FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Finland)

^k CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^l CERN   (Switzerland)

^m LEBEDEV PHYSICAL INSTITUTE   (Russian Federation)

ⁿ UNIVERSITY OF BEIRA INTERIOR   (Portugal)

^o CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^p STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^q IONICON Analytik GmbH   (Austria)

^r AERODYNE RESEARCH INC   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; AEROSOL COMPOSITION; AEROSOL FORMATION; AMMONIA; HYGROSCOPICITY; NUCLEATION; ORGANIC COMPOUND; SULFURIC ACID;

EID: 84879025840     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-5587-2013     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Aiken, A. C., DeCarlo, P. F., and Jimenez, J. L.: Elemental analysis of organic species with electron ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 79, 8350-8358, 2007. (Pubitemid 350060037)
2. Aiken, A. C., Decarlo, P. F., Kroll, J. H., Worsnop, D. R., Huffman, J. A., Docherty, K. S., Ulbrich, I. M., Mohr, C., Kimmel, J. R., Sueper, D., Sun, Y., Zhang, Q., Trimborn, A., Northway, M., Ziemann, P. J., Canagaratna, M. R., Onasch, T. B., Alfarra, M. R., Prevot, A. S. H., Dommen, J., Duplissy, J., Metzger, A., Baltensperger, U., and Jimenez, J. L.: O/C and OM/OC ratios of primary, secondary, and ambient organic aerosols with high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 4478-4485, 2008. (Pubitemid 351842394)
3. Allan, J. D., Delia, A. E., Coe, H., Bower, K. N., Alfarra, M. R., Jimenez, J. L., Middlebrook, A. M., Drewnick, F., Onasch, T. B., Canagaratna, M. R., Jayne, J. T., and Worsnop, D. R.: A generalised method for the extraction of chemically resolved mass spectra from aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer data, J. Aerosol Sci., 35, 909-922, 2004. (Pubitemid 38953786)
4. Bianchi, F., Dommen, J., Mathot, S., and Baltensperger, U.: Online determination of ammonia at low pptv mixing ratios in the CLOUD chamber, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 1719-1725, doi:10.5194/amt-5-1719-2012, 2012.
5. Biskos, G., Buseck, P. R., and Martin, S. T.: Hygroscopic growth of nucleation-mode acidic sulfate particles, Aerosol Sci., 40, 338- 347, 2009.
6. Bertram, A. K., Martin, S. T., Hanna, S. J., Smith, M. L., Bodsworth, A., Chen, Q., Kuwata, M., Liu, A., You, Y., and Zorn, S. R.: Predicting the relative humidities of liquid-liquid phase separation, efflorescence, and deliquescence of mixed particles of ammonium sulfate, organic material, and water using the organic-to-sulfate mass ratio of the particle and the oxygen-tocarbon elemental ratio of the organic component, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 10995-11006, doi:10.5194/acp-11-10995-2011, 2011.
7. Carslaw, K. S., Boucher, O., Spracklen, D. V., Mann, G. W., Rae, J. G. L., Woodward, S., and Kulmala, M.: A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, doi:10.5194/acp-10-1701- 2010, 2010.
8. Claeys, M., Graham, B., Vas, G.,Wang,W., Vermeylen, R., Pashynska, V., Cafmeyer, J., Guyon, P., Andreae, M. O., Artaxo, P., and Maenhaut, W.: Formation of secondary organic aerosols through photooxidation of isoprene, Science, 303, 1173-1176, 2004. (Pubitemid 38233578)
9. Clegg, S. L., P. Brimblecombe and A. S.Wexler: A thermodynamic model of the system H+-NH+ 4 -SO2-4 -NO-3 -H2O at tropospheric temperatures. J. Phys. Chem. A, 102, 2137-2154, 1998.
10. Clegg, S. L., Seinfeld, J. H., and Brimblecombe, P.: Thermodynamic modelling of aqueous aerosols containing electrolytes and dissolved organic compounds, J. Aerosol Sci., 32, 713-738, 2001. (Pubitemid 32401578)
11. DeCarlo, P. F., Kimmel, J. R., Trimborn, A., Northway, M. J., Jayne, J. T., Aiken, A. C., Gonin, M., Fuhrer, K., Horvath, T., Docherty, K. S., Worsnop, D. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Field-deployable, high-resolution, time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer, Anal. Chem., 78, 8281-8289, 2006. (Pubitemid 44927604)
12. Donahue, N. M., Trump, E. R., Pierce, J. R., and Riipinen, I.: Theoretical Constraints on Pure Vapor-Pressure Driven Condensation of Organics to Ultrafine Particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L16801, doi:10.1029/ 2011GL048115, 2011.
13. Duplissy, J., Enghoff, M. B., Aplin, K. L., Arnold, F., Aufmhoff, H., Avngaard, M., Baltensperger, U., Bondo, T., Bingham, R., Carslaw, K., Curtius, J., David, A., Fastrup, B., Gagńe, S., Hahn, F., Harrison, R. G., Kellett, B., Kirkby, J., Kulmala, M., Laakso, L., Laaksonen, A., Lillestol, E., Lockwood, M., Mäkelä, J., Makhmutov, V., Marsh, N. D., Nieminen, T., Onnela, A., Pedersen, E., Pedersen, J. O. P., Polny, J., Reichl, U., Seinfeld, J. H., Sipilä, M., Stozhkov, Y., Stratmann, F., Svensmark, H., Svensmark, J., Veenhof, R., Verheggen, B., Viisanen, Y., Wagner, P. E., Wehrle, G., Weingartner, E., Wex, H., Wilhelmsson, M., and Winkler, P. M.: Results from the CERN pilot CLOUD experiment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1635-1647, doi:10.5194/acp-10- 1635-2010, 2010.
14. Duplissy, J., DeCarlo, P. F., Dommen, J., Alfarra, M. R., Metzger, A., Barmpadimos, I., Prevot, A. S. H.,Weingartner, E., Tritscher, T., Gysel, M., Aiken, A. C., Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Worsnop, D. R., Collins, D. R., Tomlinson, J., and Baltensperger, U.: Relating hygroscopicity and composition of organic aerosol particulate matter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1155- 1165, doi:10.5194/acp-11-1155-2011, 2011.
15. Ehn, M., Junninen H., Schobesberger, S., Manninen, H. E., Franchin, A., Sipilä, M., Petäjä, T., Kerminen, V.-M., Tammet, H., Mirme, A., Mirme, S., Horrak, U., Kulmala, M., and Worsnop, D. R.: An instrumental comparison of mobility and mass measurements of atmospheric small ions, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 45, 522-532, 2011.
16. Frosch, M., Bilde, M., DeCarlo, P., Jur'anyi, Z., Tritscher, T., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., Gysel, M., Weingartner, E., and Baltensperger, U.: Relating cloud condensation nuclei activity and oxidation level of β-pinene secondary organic aerosols. J. Geophys. Res., 116, D22212, doi:10.1029/ 2011JD016401, 2011.
17. Ge, X., Wexler, A. S., and Clegg, S. L.: Atmospheric amines - Part I. A review, Atmos. Environ., 45, 524-546, 2011a.
18. Ge, X., Wexler, A. S., and Clegg, S. L.: Atmospheric amines - Part II. Thermodynamic properties and gas/particle partitioning. Atmos. Environ., 45, 561-577, 2011b.
19. Gysel, M., Weingartner, E., and Baltensperger, U.: Hygroscopicity of aerosol particles at low temperatures. 2. Theoretical and experimental hygroscopic properties of laboratory generated aerosols, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 63-68, doi:10.1021/es010055g, 2002. (Pubitemid 34052874)
20. Hallquist, M., Wenger, J. C., Baltensperger, U., Rudich, Y., Simpson, D., Claeys, M., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., George, C., Goldstein, A. H., Hamilton, J. F., Herrmann, H., Hoff-mann, T., Iinuma, Y., Jang, M., Jenkin, M. E., Jimenez, J. L., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Maenhaut, W., McFiggans, G., Mentel, Th. F., Monod, A., Pŕev̂ot, A. S. H., Seinfeld, J. H., Surratt, J. D., Szmigielski, R., and Wildt, J.: The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5155-5236, doi:10.5194/acp-9-5155- 2009, 2009.
21. Hamed, A., Joutsensaari, J., Mikkonen, S., Sogacheva, L., Dal Maso, M., Kulmala, M., Cavalli, F., Fuzzi, S., Facchini, M. C., Decesari, S., Mircea, M., Lehtinen, K. E. J., and Laaksonen, A.: Nucleation and growth of new particles in Po Valley, Italy, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 355-376, doi:10.5194/acp-7-355-2007, 2007. (Pubitemid 46173889)
22. Hansel, A., A. Jordan, R. Holzinger, P. Prazeller, W. Vogel, and W. Lindinger: Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry: on-line trace gas analysis at the ppb level. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 149, 609-619, 1995.
23. Hämeri, K., Väkevä, M., Hansson, H.-C., and Laaksonen, A.: Growth of ultrafine ammonium sulphate aerosol measured using an ultrafine tandem differential mobility analyser, J., Geophys. Res., 105, 22231-22242, doi:10.1029/2000JD900220, 2000.
24. Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Donahue, N. M., Prevot, A. S. H., Zhang, Q., Kroll, J. H., DeCarlo, P. F., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Ng, N. L., Aiken, A. C., Docherty, K. S., Ulbrich, I. M., Grieshop, A. P., Robinson, A. L., Duplissy, J., Smith, J. D., Wilson, K. R., Lanz, V. A., Hueglin, C., Sun, Y. L., Tian, J., Laaksonen, A., Raatikainen, T., Rautiainen, J., Vaattovaara, P., Ehn, M., Kulmala, M., Tomlinson, J. M., Collins, D. R., Cubison, M. J., Dunlea, E. J., Huffman, J. A., Onasch, T. B., Alfarra, M. R., Williams, P. I., Bower, K., Kondo, Y., Schneider, J., Drewnick, F., Borrmann, S., Weimer, S., Demerjian, K., Salcedo, D., Cottrell, L., Griffin, R., Takami, A., Miyoshi, T., Hatakeyama, S., Shimono, A., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Y. M., Dzepina, K., Kimmel, J. R., Sueper, D., Jayne, J. T., Herndon, S. C., Trimborn, A. M., Williams, L. R., Wood, E. C., Middlebrook, A. M., Kolb, C. E., Baltensperger, U., and Worsnop, D. R.: Evolution of organic aerosols in the atmosphere, Science, 326, 1525-1529, 2009.
25. Joutsensaari, J., Vaattovaara, P., Vesterinen, M., Hämeri, K., and Laaksonen, A.: A novel tandem differential mobility analyzer with organic vapor treatment of aerosol particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 1, 51-60, doi:10.5194/acp-1-51-2001, 2001.
26. Joutsensaari, J., Toivonen, T., Vaattovaara, P., Vesterinen, M., Vepsäläinen, J., and Laaksonen, A.: Time-resolved growth behavior of acid aerosols in ethanol vapor with a tandem-DMA technique. J. Aerosol Sci., 35, 851-867, 2004. (Pubitemid 38953783)
27. Junninen, H., Ehn, M., Petäjä, T., Luosujärvi, L., Kotiaho, T., Kostiainen, R., Rohner, U., Gonin, M., Fuhrer, K., Kulmala, M., and Worsnop, D. R.: A high-resolution mass spectrometer to measure atmospheric ion composition, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 1039- 1053, doi:10.5194/amt-3-1039-2010, 2010.
28. Jur'anyi, Z., Gysel, M., Duplissy, J., Weingartner, E., Tritscher, T., Dommen, J., Henning, S., Ziese, M., Kiselev, A., Stratmann, F., George, I., and Baltensperger, U.: Influence of gas-to-particle partitioning on the hygroscopic and droplet activation behaviour of β-pinene secondary organic aerosol. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 8091-8097, doi:10.1039/b904162a, 2009.
29. Kanakidou, M., Seinfeld, J. H., Pandis, S. N., Barnes, I., Dentener, F. J., Facchini, M. C., Van Dingenen, R., Ervens, B., Nenes, A., Nielsen, C. J., Swietlicki, E., Putaud, J. P., Balkanski, Y., Fuzzi, S., Horth, J., Moortgat, G. K., Winterhalter, R., Myhre, C. E. L., Tsigaridis, K., Vignati, E., Stephanou, E. G., and Wilson, J.: Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, doi:10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005. (Pubitemid 40560480)
30. Kim, T. O., Ishida, T., Adachi, M., Okuyama, K., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Nano-meter sized particle formation from NH3/SO2/H2O/air mixtures by ionizing irradiation, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 29, 111- 125, 1998. (Pubitemid 28374225)
31. King, S. M., Rosenoern, T., Shilling, J. E., Chen, Q., and Martin, S. T.: Increased cloud activation potential of secondary organic aerosol for atmospheric mass loadings, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2959-2971, doi:10.5194/acp-9-2959-2009, 2009.
32. Kirkby, J., Curtius, J., Almeida, J., Dunne, E., Duplissy, J., Ehrhart, S., Franchin, A., Gagne, S., Ickes, L., Kurten, A., Kupc, A., Metzger, A., Riccobono, F., Rondo, L., Schobesberger, S., Tsagkogeorgas, G., Wimmer, D., Amorim, A., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., David, A., Dommen, J., Downard, A., Ehn, M., Flagan, R. C., Haider, S., Hansel, A., Hauser, D., Jud,W., Junninen, H., Kreissl, F., Kvashin, A., Laaksonen, A., Lehtipalo, K., Lima, J., Lovejoy, E. R., Makhmutov, V., Mathot, S., Mikkila, J., Minginette, P., Mogo, S., Nieminen, T., Onnela, A., Pereira, P., Petaja, T., Schnitzhofer, R., Seinfeld, J. H., Sipila, M., Stozhkov, Y., Stratmann, F., Tome, A., Vanhanen, J., Viisanen, Y., Vrtala, A., Wagner, P. E., Walther, H., Weingartner, E., Wex, H., Winkler, P. M., Carslaw, K. S., Worsnop, D. R., Baltensperger, U., and Kulmala, M.: Role of sulphuric acid, ammonia and galactic cosmic rays in atmospheric aerosol nucleation, Nature, 476, 429-433, 2011.
33. Knutson E. O. and Whitby K. T.: Accurate measurement of aerosol electric mobility moments, J. Aerosol Sci., 6, 453-460, 1975.
34. Kulmala, M., Vehkamäki, H., Petaja, T., Dal Maso, M., Lauri, A., Kerminen, V. M., Birmili, W., and McMurry, P.: Formation and growth rates of ultra fine atmospheric particles: A review of observations, J. Aerosol Sci., 35, 143-176, 2004. (Pubitemid 38115144)
35. Kupc A., Amorim, A., Curtius, J., Danielczok, A., Duplissy, J., Ehrhart, S., Walther, H., Ickes, L., Kirkby, J., Kurten, A., Lima, J. M., Mathot, S., Minginette, P., Onnela, A., Rondo, L., and Wagner, P. E.: A fibre-optic UV system for H2SO4 production in aerosol chambers causing minimal thermal effects, J. Aerosol Sci., 42, 532-543, 2011.
36. Kurt'en, T., Petäjä, T., Smith, J., Ortega, I. K., Sipilä, M., Junninen, H., Ehn, M., Vehkamäki, H., Mauldin, L., Worsnop, D. R., and Kulmala, M.: The effect of H2SO4 - amine clustering on chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) measurements of gas-phase sulfuric acid, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3007-3019, doi:10.5194/acp-11-3007-2011, 2011.
37. Laaksonen, A., Kulmala, M., O'Dowd, C. D., Joutsensaari, J., Vaattovaara, P., Mikkonen, S., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Sogacheva, L., Dal Maso, M., Aalto, P., Petäjä, T., Sogachev, A., Yoon, Y. J., Lihavainen, H., Nilsson, D., Facchini, M. C., Cavalli, F., Fuzzi, S., Hoffmann, T., Arnold, F., Hanke, M., Sellegri, K., Umann, B., Junkermann, W., Coe, H., Allan, J. D., Alfarra, M. R., Worsnop, D. R., Riekkola, M. -L., Hyotyläinen, T., and Viisanen, Y.: The role of VOC oxidation products in continental new particle formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2657-2665, doi:10.5194/acp-8- 2657-2008, 2008.
38. Lance, S., Medina, J., Smith, J. N., and Nenes, A.: Mapping the operation of the DMT continuous flow CCN counter, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 40, 242-254, 2006. (Pubitemid 43940807)
39. Massoli, P., Lambe, A. T., Ahern, A. T., Williams, L. R., Ehn, M., Mikkilä, J., Canagaratna, M. R., Brune, W. H., Onasch, T. B., Jayne, J. T., Petäjä, T., Kulmala, M., Laaksonen, A., Kolb, C. E., Davidovits, P., and Worsnop, D. R.: Relationship between aerosol oxidation level and hygroscopic properties of laboratory generated secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, L24801, doi:10.1029/2010GL045258, 2010.
40. Merikanto, J., Spracklen, D. V., Mann, G. W., Pickering, S. J., and Carslaw, K. S.: Impact of nucleation on global CCN, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8601-8616, doi:10.5194/acp-9-8601-2009, 2009.
41. Meyer, N. K., Duplissy, J., Gysel, M., Metzger, A., Dommen, J., Weingartner, E., Alfarra, M. R., Prevot, A. S. H., Fletcher, C., Good, N., McFiggans, G., Jonsson, A. M., Hallquist, M., Baltensperger, U., and Ristovski, Z. D.: Analysis of the hygroscopic and volatile properties of ammonium sulphate seeded and unseeded SOA particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 721-732, doi:10.5194/acp-9-721-2009, 2009.
42. Nieminen, T., Lehtinen, K. E. J., and Kulmala, M.: Sub-10 nm particle growth by vapor condensation - effects of vapor molecule size and particle thermal speed, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 9773- 9779, doi:10.5194/acp-10-9773-2011, 2010.
43. Petäjä, T., Kerminen, V.-M., Hämeri, K., Vaattovaara, P., Joutsensaari, J., Junkermann, W., Laaksonen, A., and Kulmala, M.: Effects of SO2 oxidation on ambient aerosol growth in water and ethanol vapours, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 767-779, doi:10.5194/acp-5-767-2005, 2005. (Pubitemid 40479140)
44. Petters, M. D. and Kreidenweis, S. M.: A single parameter representation of hygroscopicity growth and cloud condensation nucleus activity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1961-1971, doi:10.5194/acp-7- 1961-2007, 2007. (Pubitemid 46632024)
45. Pierce, J. R., Riipinen, I., Kulmala, M., Ehn, M., Petäjä, T., Junninen, H., Worsnop, D. R., and Donahue, N. M.: Quantification of the volatility of secondary organic compounds in ultrafine particles during nucleation events, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9019- 9036, doi:10.5194/acp-11-9019- 2011, 2011.
46. Praplan, A. P., Bianchi, F., Dommen, J., and Baltensperger, U.: Dimethylamine and ammonia measurements with ion chromatography during the CLOUD4 campaign, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 2161-2167, doi:10.5194/amt-5-2161-2012, 2012.
47. Pruppacher, H. R. and Klett, J. D.: Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation, Atmospheric and oceanographic sciences library, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 2nd edn., 1997.
48. Raatikainen, T., Vaattovaara, P., Tiitta, P., Miettinen, P., Rautiainen, J., Ehn, M., Kulmala, M., Laaksonen, A., and Worsnop, D. R.: Physicochemical properties and origin of organic groups detected in boreal forest using an aerosol mass spectrometer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2063-2077, doi:10.5194/acp-10-2063- 2010, 2010.
49. Reischl, G. P.: Measurement of ambient aerosols by the different mobility analyzer method: concepts and realization criteria for the size range between 2 and 500 nm, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 14, 5-24, 1991.
50. Riccobono, F., L. Rondo, M. Sipilä, P. Barmet, J. Curtius, J. Dommen, M. Ehn, S. Ehrhart, M. Kulmala, A. Kurten, J. Mikkila, T. Petaja, E. Weingartner, and U. Baltensperger: Contribution of sulfuric acid and oxidized organic compounds to particle formation and growth, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9427-9439, 2012, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/9427/2012/.
51. Riipinen, I., Yli-Juuti, T., Pierce, J. R., Petaja, T., Worsnop, D. R., Kulmala, M., and Donahue, N.: Role of organics in atmospheric nanoparticle growth - recent breakthroughs and major unknowns, Nature Geosci., 5, 453-458, 2012.
52. Ristovski, Z. D., Suni, T., Kulmala, M., Boy, M., Meyer, N. K., Duplissy, J., Turnipseed, A., Morawska, L., and Baltensperger, U.: The role of sulphates and organic vapours in growth of newly formed particles in a eucalypt forest, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2919-2926, doi:10.5194/acp-10-2919-2010, 2010.
53. Roberts, G. and Nenes, A. A.: Continuous-flow streamwise thermalgradient CCN chamber for atmospheric measurements, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 39, 206-221, 2005. (Pubitemid 40655448)
54. Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N.: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, from Air Pollution to Climate Change, JohnWiley, New York, 519-523, 1998.
55. Smith M. L., Kuwata M., and Martin T.: Secondary organic material produced by the dark ozonolysis of β-pinene minimally affects the deliquescence and efflorescence of ammonium sulfate, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 45, 244-261, 2011.
56. Smith, M. L., Bertram, A. K., and Martin, S. T.: Deliquescence, efflorescence, and phase miscibility of mixed particles of ammonium sulfate and isoprene-derived secondary organic material, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9613-9628, doi:10.5194/acp-12-9613- 2012, 2012.
57. Sullivan, R. C., Petters, M. D., DeMott, P. J., Kreidenweis, S. M., Wex, H., Niedermeier, D., Hartmann, S., Clauss, T., Stratmann, F., Reitz, P., Schneider, J., and Sierau, B.: Irreversible loss of ice nucleation active sites in mineral dust particles caused by sulphuric acid condensation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11471- 11487, doi:10.5194/acp-10-11471-2010, 2010.
58. Tang, I. N. and Munkelwitz, H. R.: Water activities, densities, and refractive-indexes of aqueous sulfates and sodium-nitrate droplets of atmospheric importance, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 99, 18801-18808, 1994.
59. Topping, D. O., McFiggans, G. B., and Coe, H.: A curved multicomponent aerosol hygroscopicity model framework: Part 1 - Inorganic compounds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1205-1222, doi:10.5194/acp-5-1205-2005, 2005. (Pubitemid 40899879)
60. Vaattovaara, P., Räsänen, M., Kuhn, T., Joutsensaari, J., and Laaksonen, A.: A method for detecting the presence of organic fraction in nucleation mode sized particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 3277-3287, doi:10.5194/acp-5-3277-2005, 2005. (Pubitemid 43085628)
61. Vaattovaara, P., Petäjä, T., Joutsensaari, J., Miettinen, P., Zaprudin, B., Kortelainen, A., Heijari, J., Yli-Pirilä, P., Aalto, P., Worsnop, D. R., and Laaksonen, A.: The evolution of nucleation- and Aitken-mode particle compositions in a boreal forest environment during clean and pollution-affected new-particle formation events, Boreal Environ. Res., 14, 662-682, 2009.
62. VanReken, T. M., Ng, N. L., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Cloud condensation nucleus activation properties of biogenic secondary organic aerosol, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D07206, doi:10.1029/2004JD005465, 2005. (Pubitemid 43066290)
63. Vehkamäki, H., Kulmala, M., Napari, I., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Timmreck, C., Noppel, M., and Laaksonen, A.: An improved parameterization for sulfuric acid-water nucleation rates for tropospheric and stratospheric conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4622, doi:10.1029/2002JD002184, 2002. (Pubitemid 43211904)
64. Voigtländer, J., Duplissy, J., Rondo, L., Kurten, A., and Stratmann, F.: Numerical simulations of mixing conditions and aerosol dynamics in the CERN CLOUD chamber, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 2205-2214, doi:10.5194/acp-12-2205-2012, 2012.
65. Wex, H., Petters, M. D., Carrico, C. M., Hallbauer, E., Massling, A., McMeeking, G. R., Poulain, L., Wu, Z., Kreidenweis, S. M., and Stratmann, F.: Towards closing the gap between hygroscopic growth and activation for secondary organic aerosol: Part 1 - Evidence from measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3987-3997, doi:10.5194/acp-9-3987-2009, 2009.
66. Wexler, A. S. and Clegg, S. L.: Atmospheric aerosol models for systems including the ions H+, NH+ 4, Na+, SO24, NO3, Cl, Br and H2O, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4207, doi:10.1029/2001JD000451, 2002. Network CLOUD-ITN)