메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 43, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 863-883

Hydrographic preconditioning for seasonal sea ice anomalies in the Labrador Sea

Author keywords

Coupled models; Data assimilation; Interannual variability; North Atlantic Ocean; Oceanic variability; Sea ice

Indexed keywords

COUPLED MODELS; DATA ASSIMILATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN; OCEANIC VARIABILITIES;

EID: 84878965946     PISSN: 00223670     EISSN: 15200485     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-12-064.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (15)

References (54)
  • 1
    • 30044445436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of boundary values in a North Atlantic circulation model using an adjoint method
    • doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2005.06.003.
    • Ayoub, N., 2006: Estimation of boundary values in a North Atlantic circulation model using an adjoint method. Ocean Modell., 12 91109-8099., 319-347, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2005.06.003.
    • (2006) Ocean Modell. , vol.12 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 319-347
    • Ayoub, N.1
  • 4
    • 84878965797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bootstrap Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMRandDMSP SSM/I-SSMIS, [01August 1992 to 01 August 2004]
    • cited,Boulder, CO, digital media. [Available online at
    • Comiso, J., cited 2008: Bootstrap Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMRandDMSP SSM/I-SSMIS, [01August 1992 to 01 August 2004]. National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, CO, digital media. [Available online at http://nsidc.org/data/ docs/daac/nsidc0079_bootstrap_seaice.gd.html.]
    • (2008) National Snow and Ice Data Center
    • Comiso, J.1
  • 5
    • 42549102633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in the sea ice cover using enhanced and compatible AMSR-E, SSM/I, and SMMR data
    • doi:10.1029/2007JC004257.
    • Comiso, J., and F. Nishio, 2008: Trends in the sea ice cover using enhanced and compatible AMSR-E, SSM/I, and SMMR data. J. Geophys. Res., 113, C02S07, doi:10.1029/2007JC004257.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Comiso, J.1    Nishio, F.2
  • 7
    • 34248520419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uptake and sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in the Labrador Sea deep convection region
    • doi:10.1029/2006GL026881.
    • DeGrandpre, M. D., A. Koertzinger, U. Send, D. W. R. Wallace, and R. G. J. Bellerby, 2006: Uptake and sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in the Labrador Sea deep convection region. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L21S03, doi:10.1029/2006GL026881.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33
    • DeGrandpre, M.D.1    Koertzinger, A.2    Send, U.3    Wallace, D.W.R.4    Bellerby, R.G.J.5
  • 8
    • 40849097756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of Arctic sea ice concentration trends and the role of atmospheric circulation forcing, 1979-2007
    • doi:10.1029/ 2007GL032023.
    • Deser, C., and H. Teng, 2008: Evolution of Arctic sea ice concentration trends and the role of atmospheric circulation forcing, 1979-2007. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L02504, doi:10.1029/ 2007GL032023.
    • (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.35
    • Deser, C.1    Teng, H.2
  • 9
    • 0037095995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decadal variations in Labrador Sea ice cover and North Atlantic sea surface temperatures
    • doi:10.1029/ 2000JC000683.
    • Deser, C., M. Holland, G. Reverdin, and M. Timlin, 2002: Decadal variations in Labrador Sea ice cover and North Atlantic sea surface temperatures. J. Geophys. Res., 107 (C5), doi:10.1029/ 2000JC000683.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , Issue.C5
    • Deser, C.1    Holland, M.2    Reverdin, G.3    Timlin, M.4
  • 10
    • 1842740336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of North Atlantic SST and sea ice anomalies on the winter circulation in CCM3. Part II: Direct and indirect components of the response
    • Deser, C., G. Magnusdottir, R. Saravanan, and A. Phillips, 2004: The effects of North Atlantic SST and sea ice anomalies on the winter circulation in CCM3. Part II: Direct and indirect components of the response. J. Climate, 17, 877-889.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 877-889
    • Deser, C.1    Magnusdottir, G.2    Saravanan, R.3    Phillips, A.4
  • 11
    • 77949919024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State estimation of the Labrador Sea with a coupled sea ice-ocean adjoint model
    • Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    • Fenty, I. G., 2010: State estimation of the Labrador Sea with a coupled sea ice-ocean adjoint model. Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 277 pp.
    • (2010) , pp. 277
    • Fenty, I.G.1
  • 12
    • 84878995870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupled sea ice-ocean-state estimation in the Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay
    • Fenty, I. G., and P. Heimbach, 2013: Coupled sea ice-ocean-state estimation in the Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 43, 884-904.
    • (2013) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.43 , pp. 884-904
    • Fenty, I.G.1    Heimbach, P.2
  • 13
    • 24044498959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generating efficient derivative codewith TAF:Adjoint and tangent linear euler flow around an airfoil
    • Giering, R., T. Kaminski, and T. Slawig, 2005: Generating efficient derivative codewith TAF:Adjoint and tangent linear euler flow around an airfoil. Future Gener. Comput. Syst., 21, 1345-1355.
    • (2005) Future Gener. Comput. Syst. , vol.21 , pp. 1345-1355
    • Giering, R.1    Kaminski, T.2    Slawig, T.3
  • 14
    • 56949093251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordinated Ocean-Ice Reference Experiments (COREs)
    • Griffies, S. M., and Coauthors, 2009: Coordinated Ocean-Ice Reference Experiments (COREs). Ocean Modell., 26 (1-2), 1-46.
    • (2009) Ocean Modell. , vol.26 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-46
    • Griffies, S.M.1
  • 15
    • 2142650072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline of subpolar North Atlantic circulation during the 1990s
    • Häkkinen, S., and P. Rhines, 2004: Decline of subpolar North Atlantic circulation during the 1990s. Science, 304, 555-559.
    • (2004) Science , vol.304 , pp. 555-559
    • Häkkinen, S.1    Rhines, P.2
  • 16
    • 68149137462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shifting surface currents in the northern North Atlantic Ocean
    • doi:10.1029/2008JC004883.
    • Häkkinen, S., and P. B. Rhines, 2009: Shifting surface currents in the northern North Atlantic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 114, C04005, doi:10.1029/2008JC004883.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Häkkinen, S.1    Rhines, P.B.2
  • 17
    • 78650029676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline and partial rebound of the Labrador Current 1993-2004: Monitoring ocean currents from altimetric and conductivity-temperature-depth data
    • doi:10.1029/2009JC006091.]
    • Han, G., K. Ohashi, N. Chen, P. G. Myers, N. Nunes, and J. Fischer, 2010: Decline and partial rebound of the Labrador Current 1993-2004: Monitoring ocean currents from altimetric and conductivity-temperature-depth data. J. Geophys. Res., 115, C12012, doi:10.1029/2009JC006091.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Han, G.1    Ohashi, K.2    Chen, N.3    Myers, P.G.4    Nunes, N.5    Fischer, J.6
  • 18
    • 24044449269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An efficient exact adjoint of the parallel MIT General Circulation Model, generated via automatic differentiation
    • Heimbach, P., C. Hill, and R. Giering, 2005: An efficient exact adjoint of the parallel MIT General Circulation Model, generated via automatic differentiation. Future Gener. Comput. Syst., 21, 1356-1371.
    • (2005) Future Gener. Comput. Syst. , vol.21 , pp. 1356-1371
    • Heimbach, P.1    Hill, C.2    Giering, R.3
  • 19
    • 77949917535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the formulation of sea-ice models. Part 2: Lessons from multi-year adjoint sea ice export sensitivities through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago
    • Heimbach, P., D. Menemenlis, M. Losch, J.-M. Campin, and C. Hill, 2010: On the formulation of sea-ice models. Part 2: Lessons from multi-year adjoint sea ice export sensitivities through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Ocean Modell., 33 (1-2), 145-158.
    • (2010) Ocean Modell. , vol.33 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 145-158
    • Heimbach, P.1    Menemenlis, D.2    Losch, M.3    Campin, J.-M.4    Hill, C.5
  • 20
    • 0036478878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quasi-decadal salinity fluctuations in the Labrador Sea
    • Houghton, R., and M. Visbeck, 2002: Quasi-decadal salinity fluctuations in the Labrador Sea. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 687-701.
    • (2002) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.32 , pp. 687-701
    • Houghton, R.1    Visbeck, M.2
  • 21
    • 84878958355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NAO Index Data provided by the Climate Analysis Section.NCAR,Boulder,CO, digitalmedia.
    • cited,[Available online at
    • Hurrell, J., cited 2008: NAO Index Data provided by the Climate Analysis Section.NCAR,Boulder,CO, digitalmedia. [Available online at http://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/guidance/hurrellnorth- atlantic-oscillation-nao-index-station-based.]
    • (2008)
    • Hurrell, J.1
  • 22
    • 0002853263 scopus 로고
    • Simulated fluctuations in annual Labrador Sea ice cover
    • Ikeda, M., G. Symonds, and T. Yao, 1988: Simulated fluctuations in annual Labrador Sea ice cover. Atmos.-Ocean, 26, 16-39.
    • (1988) Atmos.-Ocean , vol.26 , pp. 16-39
    • Ikeda, M.1    Symonds, G.2    Yao, T.3
  • 23
    • 0030448779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal evolution of sea ice cover and shelf water off Labrador simulated in a coupled ice-ocean model
    • Ikeda, M., T. Yao, and Q. Yao, 1996: Seasonal evolution of sea ice cover and shelf water off Labrador simulated in a coupled ice-ocean model. J. Geophys. Res., 101 (C7), 16 465-16 489.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , Issue.C7
    • Ikeda, M.1    Yao, T.2    Yao, Q.3
  • 24
    • 0029768948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project
    • Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
    • (1996) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.77 , pp. 437-471
    • Kalnay, E.1
  • 25
    • 0035362573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simulation of the last glacial maximum with a coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM
    • Kitoh, A., S. Murakami, and H. Koide, 2001: A simulation of the last glacial maximum with a coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2221-2224.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 2221-2224
    • Kitoh, A.1    Murakami, S.2    Koide, H.3
  • 26
    • 0242305907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arctic Ocean sea ice response to northern annular mode-like wind forcing
    • doi:10.1029/2003GL017354.
    • Krahmann, G., and M. Visbeck, 2003: Arctic Ocean sea ice response to northern annular mode-like wind forcing. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1793, doi:10.1029/2003GL017354.
    • (2003) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.30 , pp. 1793
    • Krahmann, G.1    Visbeck, M.2
  • 27
    • 30044433015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diurnal to decadal global forcing for ocean and sea-ice models: The datasets and flux climatologies
    • CGDNCARTech. Note NCAR/TN-4601STR
    • Large, W., and S. Yeager, 2004: Diurnal to decadal global forcing for ocean and sea-ice models: The datasets and flux climatologies. CGDNCARTech. Note NCAR/TN-4601STR, 105 pp.
    • (2004) , pp. 105
    • Large, W.1    Yeager, S.2
  • 28
    • 0034618704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mid-depth recirculation observed in the interior Labrador and Irminger seas by direct velocity measurements
    • doi:10.1038/35024048.
    • Lavender, K. L., R. E. Davis, and W. B. Owens, 2000: Mid-depth recirculation observed in the interior Labrador and Irminger seas by direct velocity measurements. Nature, 407, 66-69, doi:10.1038/35024048.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.407 , pp. 66-69
    • Lavender, K.L.1    Davis, R.E.2    Owens, W.B.3
  • 29
    • 0036478845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations of open-ocean deep convection in the Labrador Sea from subsurface floats
    • Lavender, K. L., R. E. Davis, and W. B. Owens, 2002: Observations of open-ocean deep convection in the Labrador Sea from subsurface floats. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 511-526.
    • (2002) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.32 , pp. 511-526
    • Lavender, K.L.1    Davis, R.E.2    Owens, W.B.3
  • 30
    • 77949915710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the formulation of sea-ice models. Part 1: Effects of different solver implementations and parameterizations
    • Losch,M., D.Menemenlis, J.-M. Campin, P. Heimbach, and C. Hill, 2010: On the formulation of sea-ice models. Part 1: Effects of different solver implementations and parameterizations. Ocean Modell., 33 (1-2), 129-144.
    • (2010) Ocean Modell. , vol.33 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 129-144
    • Losch, M.1    Menemenlis, D.2    Campin, J.-M.3    Heimbach, P.4    Hill, C.5
  • 31
    • 0001062299 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for stability enhancement of sea-ice in the Greenland and Labrador Seas
    • Marsden, R., L. Mysak, and R. Myers, 1991: Evidence for stability enhancement of sea-ice in the Greenland and Labrador Seas. J. Geophys. Res., 96 (C3), 4783-4789.
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.96 , Issue.C3 , pp. 4783-4789
    • Marsden, R.1    Mysak, L.2    Myers, R.3
  • 32
    • 0030762883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A finite-volume, incompressible Navier Stokes model for studies of the ocean on parallel computers
    • Marshall, J., A. Adcroft, C. Hill, L. Perelman, and C. Heisey, 1997a: A finite-volume, incompressible Navier Stokes model for studies of the ocean on parallel computers. J. Geophys. Res., 102 (C3), 5753-5766.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , Issue.C3 , pp. 5753-5766
    • Marshall, J.1    Adcroft, A.2    Hill, C.3    Perelman, L.4    Heisey, C.5
  • 33
    • 0030747110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrostatic, quasi-hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic ocean modeling
    • Marshall, J., C. Hill, L. Perelman, and A. Adcroft, 1997b: Hydrostatic, quasi-hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic ocean modeling. J. Geophys. Res., 102 (C3), 5733-5752.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , Issue.C3 , pp. 5733-5752
    • Marshall, J.1    Hill, C.2    Perelman, L.3    Adcroft, A.4
  • 34
    • 0000740008 scopus 로고
    • Turbulent heat and momentum transfer in the oceanic boundary layer under melting pack ice
    • McPhee, M. G., 1983: Turbulent heat and momentum transfer in the oceanic boundary layer under melting pack ice. J. Geophys. Res., 88 (C5), 2827-2835.
    • (1983) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.88 , Issue.C5 , pp. 2827-2835
    • McPhee, M.G.1
  • 35
    • 0001231507 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics and thermodynamics of the ice-upper ocean system in the Marginal Ice Zone of the Greenland Sea
    • McPhee, M. G., G. Maykut, and J. Morison, 1987: Dynamics and thermodynamics of the ice-upper ocean system in the Marginal Ice Zone of the Greenland Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 92 (C7), 7017- 7031.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , Issue.C7
    • McPhee, M.G.1    Maykut, G.2    Morison, J.3
  • 36
    • 26444479914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NASA supercomputer improves prospects for ocean climate research
    • doi:10.1029/2005EO090002.
    • Menemenlis, D., and Coauthors, 2005: NASA supercomputer improves prospects for ocean climate research. Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 86, 89-96, doi:10.1029/2005EO090002.
    • (2005) Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union , vol.86 , pp. 89-96
    • Menemenlis, D.1
  • 37
    • 0001476924 scopus 로고
    • Boundary layer, upper ocean, and ice observations in the Greenland SeaMarginal Ice Zone
    • Morison, J. H., M. G. McPhee, and G. A. Maykut, 1987: Boundary layer, upper ocean, and ice observations in the Greenland SeaMarginal Ice Zone. J. Geophys. Res., 92 (C7), 6987-7011.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , Issue.C7 , pp. 6987-7011
    • Morison, J.H.1    McPhee, M.G.2    Maykut, G.A.3
  • 38
    • 84950651331 scopus 로고
    • Arctic sea-ice extent and anomalies, 1953-1984
    • Mysak, L. A., and D. K. Manak, 1989: Arctic sea-ice extent and anomalies, 1953-1984. Atmos.-Ocean, 27, 376-405.
    • (1989) Atmos.-Ocean , vol.27 , pp. 376-405
    • Mysak, L.A.1    Manak, D.K.2
  • 39
    • 0030490142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anomalous sea ice extent in Hudson Bay, Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea during three simultaneous NAO and ENSO episodes
    • Mysak, L. A., R. Ingram, J.Wang, and A. van der Baaren, 1996: The anomalous sea ice extent in Hudson Bay, Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea during three simultaneous NAO and ENSO episodes. Atmos.-Ocean, 34, 313-343.
    • (1996) Atmos.-Ocean , vol.34 , pp. 313-343
    • Mysak, L.A.1    Ingram, R.2    Wang, J.3    van der Baaren, A.4
  • 40
    • 84878982916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global temperature-salinity profile program
    • National Oceanographic Data Center Operational Oceanography Group,,[Available online at
    • National Oceanographic Data Center Operational Oceanography Group, 2008: Global temperature-salinity profile program. National Oceanographic Data Center. [Available online at http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/GTSPP/.]
    • (2008) National Oceanographic Data Center
  • 41
    • 0036478847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrography of the Labrador Sea during active convection
    • Pickart, R. S., D. J. Torres, and R. A. Clarke, 2002: Hydrography of the Labrador Sea during active convection. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 428-457.
    • (2002) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.32 , pp. 428-457
    • Pickart, R.S.1    Torres, D.J.2    Clarke, R.A.3
  • 42
    • 0030620537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between atmosphere, ice cover, and ocean off Labrador and Newfoundland from 1962-1992
    • Prinsenberg, S. J., I. K. Peterson, S. Narayanan, and J. U. Umoh, 1997: Interaction between atmosphere, ice cover, and ocean off Labrador and Newfoundland from 1962-1992. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 54, 30-39.
    • (1997) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , vol.54 , pp. 30-39
    • Prinsenberg, S.J.1    Peterson, I.K.2    Narayanan, S.3    Umoh, J.U.4
  • 43
    • 84932341117 scopus 로고
    • The seesaw in winter temperatures between Greenland and Northern Europe. Part II: Some oceanic and atmospheric effects in middle and high latitudes
    • Rogers, J. C., and H. Van Loon, 1979: The seesaw in winter temperatures between Greenland and Northern Europe. Part II: Some oceanic and atmospheric effects in middle and high latitudes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 509-519.
    • (1979) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.107 , pp. 509-519
    • Rogers, J.C.1    Van Loon, H.2
  • 44
    • 0036478846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Buoyancy flux at ocean weather station Bravo
    • Sathiyamoorthy, S., and G. Moore, 2002: Buoyancy flux at ocean weather station Bravo. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 458-474.
    • (2002) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.32 , pp. 458-474
    • Sathiyamoorthy, S.1    Moore, G.2
  • 45
    • 0041802925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends and variability of sea ice in Baffin Bay and Davis Strait, 1953-2001
    • Stern, H. L., and M. P. Heide-Jøargensen, 2003: Trends and variability of sea ice in Baffin Bay and Davis Strait, 1953-2001. Polar Res., 22, 11-18.
    • (2003) Polar Res. , vol.22 , pp. 11-18
    • Stern, H.L.1    Heide-Jøargensen, M.P.2
  • 46
    • 0242371104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spreading of Labrador Sea water: An advective-diffusive study based on Lagrangian data
    • Straneo, F., R. Pickart, and K. Lavender, 2003: Spreading of Labrador Sea water: An advective-diffusive study based on Lagrangian data. Deep-Sea Res. I, 50, 701-719.
    • (2003) Deep-Sea Res. I , vol.50 , pp. 701-719
    • Straneo, F.1    Pickart, R.2    Lavender, K.3
  • 47
    • 0027042427 scopus 로고
    • Oceanographic features in the Newfoundland Marginal IceZone,March-April 1990
    • Tang, C., 1992: Oceanographic features in the Newfoundland Marginal IceZone,March-April 1990.Atmos.-Ocean, 30, 151-172.
    • (1992) Atmos.-Ocean , vol.30 , pp. 151-172
    • Tang, C.1
  • 48
    • 67649227035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surprising return of deep convection to the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean in winter 2007-2008
    • Va°ge, K., and Coauthors, 2009: Surprising return of deep convection to the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean in winter 2007- 2008. Nat. Geosci., 2, 67-72.
    • (2009) Nat. Geosci. , vol.2 , pp. 67-72
    • Va°ge, K.1
  • 49
    • 0029505387 scopus 로고
    • Preconditioning the Greenland Sea for deep convection: Ice formation and ice drift
    • Visbeck, M., J. Fischer, and F. Schott, 1995: Preconditioning the Greenland Sea for deep convection: Ice formation and ice drift. J. Geophys. Res., 100 (C9), 18 489-18 502.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , Issue.C9
    • Visbeck, M.1    Fischer, J.2    Schott, F.3
  • 50
    • 0000191705 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of Arctic sea ice fluctuations, 1953-77
    • Walsh, J. E., and C. M. Johnson, 1979: An analysis of Arctic sea ice fluctuations, 1953-77. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 9, 580-591.
    • (1979) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.9 , pp. 580-591
    • Walsh, J.E.1    Johnson, C.M.2
  • 51
    • 0003523745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Ocean Circulation Inverse Problem
    • 1st ed. Cambridge University Press
    • Wunsch, C., 2006: The Ocean Circulation Inverse Problem. 1st ed. Cambridge University Press, 384 pp.
    • (2006) , pp. 384
    • Wunsch, C.1
  • 52
    • 34248645164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practical global oceanic state estimation
    • Wunsch, C., and P. Heimbach, 2007: Practical global oceanic state estimation. Physica D, 230 (1-2), 197-208.
    • (2007) Physica D , vol.230 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 197-208
    • Wunsch, C.1    Heimbach, P.2
  • 53
    • 3042817557 scopus 로고
    • A model of sea ice and the upper ocean mixed layer off Labrador
    • Yao, T., and M. Ikeda, 1990: A model of sea ice and the upper ocean mixed layer off Labrador. J. Geophys. Res., 95 (C7), 11 603-11 612.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , Issue.C7
    • Yao, T.1    Ikeda, M.2
  • 54
    • 34250193281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrographic changes in the Labrador Sea, 1960-2005
    • Yashayaev, I., 2007: Hydrographic changes in the Labrador Sea, 1960-2005. Prog. Oceanogr., 73, 242-276.
    • (2007) Prog. Oceanogr. , vol.73 , pp. 242-276
    • Yashayaev, I.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.