Higher prevalence of eating disorders among adolescent elite athletes than controls

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

Volumn 45, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 1188-1197

  Martinsen, Marianne ^a   Sundgot Borgen, Jorunn ^a  

^a NORWEGIAN SCHOOL OF SPORT SCIENCES   (Norway)

Author keywords

anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa; clinical interview; ednos; elite; sport

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ANOREXIA NERVOSA; ARTICLE; ATHLETE; BULIMIA; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; MALE; NORWAY; PREVALENCE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SELF REPORT; SPORT;

ADOLESCENT; ANOREXIA NERVOSA; ATHLETES; BULIMIA NERVOSA; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERVIEWS AS TOPIC; MALE; NORWAY; PREVALENCE; QUESTIONNAIRES; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; SELF REPORT; SPORTS;

EID: 84878934416     PISSN: 01959131     EISSN: 15300315     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318281a939     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Ackland TR, Lohman TG, Sundgot-Borgen J, et al. Current status of body composition assessment in sport: review and position statement on behalf of the ad hoc research working group on body composition health and performance, under the auspices of the I.o.C. Medical commission. Sports Med. 2012;42(3):227-49.
2. APA. Eating Disorders. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Association; 1994. pp. 539-50.
3. Barker ET, Galambos NL. Exploring criterion confounding in the measurement of binge eating symptoms and negative affect. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2009;31(1):43-50.
4. Beals KA. Disordered Eating among Athletes: A Comprehensive Guide for Health Professionals. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics; 2004. p. 255.
5. Bonci CM, Bonci LJ, Granger LR, et al. National athletic trainers' association position statement: preventing, detecting, and managing disordered eating in athletes. J Athl Train. 2008;43(1):80-108.
6. Byrne S, McLean N. Eating disorders in athletes: a review of the literature. J Sci Med Sport. 2001;4(2):145-59.
7. Byrne S, McLean N. Elite athletes: effects of the pressure to be thin. J Sci Med Sport. 2002;5(2):80-94.
8. Cole TJ, Flegal KM, Nicholls D, Jackson AA. Body mass index cut offs to define thinness in children and adolescents: international survey. Br Med J. 2007;335(7612):194-7.
9. Crow SJ, Peterson CB, Swanson SA, et al. Increased mortality in bulimia nervosa and other eating disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2009; 166(12):1342-6.
10. Dalle GR, Calugi S. Eating disorder not otherwise specified in an inpatient unit: the impact of altering the DSM-IV criteria for anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2007;15(5): 340-9.
11. Drinkwater B, Loucks A, Sherman R, Sundgot-Borgen J, Thompson R. International Olympic Committee Medical Commission Working Group Women in Sport: position stand on the female athlete triad. International Olympic Committee 2005; [cited 2010 September 4]. Available from: http://www.olympic.org/ Documents/Reports/EN/en-report-917.pdf
12. Fairburn CG, Beglin S. Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q 6.0). In: Fairburn CG, editor. Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders. New York: The Guilford Press; 2008. pp. 309-14.
13. Fairburn CG, Bohn K. Eating disorder NOS (EDNOS): an example of the troublesome ''not otherwise specified'' (NOS) category in DSM-IV. Behav Res Ther. 2005;43(6):691-701.
14. Fairburn CG, Cooper Z, O'Connor ME. Eating Disorder Examination (Edition 16.0D). In: Fairburn CG, editor. Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders. New York: The Guilford Press; 2008. pp. 265-308.
15. Fulkerson JA, Keel PK, Leon GR, Dorr T. Eating-disordered behaviors and personality characteristics of high school athletes and nonathletes. Int J Eat Disord. 1999;26(1):73-9.
16. Glazer JL. Eating disorders among male athletes. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2008;7(6):332-7.
17. Martinsen M, Bratland-Sanda S, Eriksson AK, Sundgot-Borgen J. Dieting to win or to be thin? A study of dieting and disordered eating among adolescent elite athletes and non-athlete controls. Br J Sports Med. 2010;44(1):70-6.
18. Nattiv A, Loucks AB, Manore MM, Sanborn CF, Sundgot-Borgen J, Warren MP. American College of Sports Medicine. Position Stand: the female athlete triad. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(10): 1867-82.
19. Norwegian Directorate for Health and Social Affairs. Physical Activity and Health. Recommendations. Oslo: Sosial-og helsedir-ektoratet; 2000. p. 82.
20. Oppliger RA, Landry GL, Foster SW, Lambrecht AC. Bulimic behaviors among interscholastic wrestlers-a statewide survey. Pediatrics. 1993;91(4):826-31.
21. Owens RG, Slade PD. Running and anorexia nervosa-an empirical study. Int J Eat Disord. 1987;6(6):771-5.
22. Palmer B, Norring C. EDNOS-the other eating disorders. In: Norring C, Palmer B, editors. EDNOS: Eating Disorders Not Otherwised Specified. London: Routledge; 2005. pp. 1-9.
23. Reas DL, Wisting L, Kapstad H, Lask B. Convergent validity of the eating disorder examination and the eating disorder examination-questionnaire among university women in Norway. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2011;19(4):357-61.
24. Ricca V, Mannucci E, Di Bernardo M, et al. Psychopathological and clinical features of outpatients with an eating disorder not otherwise specified. Eat Weight Disord. 2001;6(3):157-65.
25. Ro O, Reas DL, Lask B. Norms for the eating disorder examination questionnaire among female university students in Norway. Nord J Psychiatry. 2010;64(6):428-32.
26. Rosendahl J, Bormann B, Aschenbrenner K, Aschenbrenner F, Strauss B. Dieting and disordered eating in German high school athletes and non-athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2009;19(5): 731-9.
27. Sigman GS. Eating disorders in children and adolescents. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2003;50(5):1139-77.
28. Smink FR, van HD, Hoek HW. Epidemiology of eating disorders: incidence, prevalence and mortality rates. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2012;14(4):406-14.
29. Smolak L, Murnen SK, Ruble AE. Female athletes and eating problems: a meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord. 2000;27(4):371-80.
30. Strand BH, Dalgard OS, Tambs K, Rognerud M. Measuring the mental health status of the Norwegian population: a comparison of the instruments SCL-25, SCL-10, SCL-5 and MHI-5 (SF-36). Nord J Psychiatry. 2003;57(2):113-8.
31. Sundgot-Borgen J. Prevalence of eating disorders in elite female athletes. Int J Sport Nutr. 1993;3(1):29-40.
32. Sundgot-Borgen J. Risk and trigger factors for the development of eating disorders in female elite athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994;26(4):414-9.
33. Sundgot-Borgen J. Atypical eating disorders in female athletes. In: Norring C, Palmer B, editors. EDNOS: Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified. London: Routledge; 2005. pp. 266-76.
34. Sundgot-Borgen J, Garthe I. Elite athletes in aesthetic and Olympic weight-class sports and the challenge of body weight and body composition. J Sports Sci. 2011;29:S101-14.
35. Sundgot-Borgen J, Torstveit MK. Prevalence of eating disorders in elite athletes is higher than in the general population. Clin J Sport Med. 2004;14(1):25-32.
36. Sundgot-Borgen J, Torstveit MK. Aspects of disordered eating continuum in elite high-intensity sports. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010;20:112-21.
37. Tambs K, Moum T. How well can a few questionnaire items indicate anxiety and depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1993;87(5):364-7.
38. Torstveit MK, Rosenvinge JH, Sundgot-Borgen J. Prevalence of eating disorders and the predictive power of risk models in female elite athletes: a controlled study. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008; 18(1):108-18.
39. Torstveit MK, Sundgot-Borgen J. The female athlete triad exists in both elite athletes and controls. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005;37(9): 1449-59.
40. Vrabel KR, Hoffart A, Ro O, Martinsen EW, Rosenvinge JH. Cooccurrence of avoidant personality disorder and child sexual abuse predicts poor outcome in long-standing eating disorder. J Abnorm Psychol. 2010;119(3):623-9.