Source and formation of the upper halocline of the Arctic Ocean

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 118, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 410-421

  Anderson, Leif G ^a   Andersson, Per S ^b   Björk, Göran ^a   Jones, E Peter ^c   Jutterström, Sara ^d   Wåhlström, Iréne ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

^b SWEDISH MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY   (Sweden)

^c BEDFORD INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY   (Canada)

^d IVL SWEDISH ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALKALINITY; GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS; NUTRIENTS; PH; SALINITY MEASUREMENT; SEA ICE; SILICATES;

BRINE PRODUCTIONS; CHEMICAL SIGNATURES; CONTINENTAL SLOPE; DECAY PRODUCTS; EAST-SIBERIAN SEAS; HIGH NUTRIENTS; SEA ICE FORMATIONS; TOTAL ALKALINITIES;

EUTROPHICATION;

ALKALINITY; BRINE; CONTINENTAL SLOPE; HALOCLINE; OPEN WATER; ORGANIC MATTER; OXYGEN; PH; SEA ICE; SEA SURFACE SALINITY;

ARCTIC OCEAN;

EID: 84878905267     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2012JC008291     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Aagaard, K., L. K. Coachman, and E. C. Carmack (1981), On the halocline of the Arctic Ocean, Deep-Sea Res., A 28, 529-545.
2. Anderson, L. G., G. Björk, O. Holby, G. Kattner, P. K. Koltermann, E. P. Jones, B. Liljeblad, R. Lindegren, B. Rudels, and J. Swift (1994), Water Masses and Circulation in the Eurasian Basin: Results from the Oden 91 North Pole Expedition, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 3273-3283. (Pubitemid 24430615)
3. 2 pump and its impact on the degree of calcium carbonate dissolution, Deep Sea Res., I 57, 869-879 doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2010.03.012.
4. Arrigo, K. R., G. van Dijken, and S. Pabi (2008), Impact of a shrinking Arctic ice cover on marine primary production, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L19603, doi:10.1029/2008GL035028.
5. Bauch D., M. Rutgers van der Loeff, N. Andersen, S. Torres-Valdes, K. Bakker, and E. P. Abrahamsen (2011), Origin of freshwater and polynya water in the Arctic Ocean halocline in summer 2007, Prog. Ocean., 91, 482-495.
6. Cavalieri, J. D., and S. Martin (1994), The contribution of Alaskan, Siberian and Canadian coastal polynyas to the cold halocline layer of the Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res. 99, 18343-18362.
7. Cavalieri, D., C. Parkinson, P. Gloersen, and H. J. Zwally (1996, updated yearly.), Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Passive Microwave Data, [1996-01-01; 2010-12-31]. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media.
8. Clayton, T. D., and R. H. Byrne (1993), Spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements: total hydrogen ion concentration scale calibration of m-cresol purple and at-sea results, Deep-Sea Res. Part I, 40, 2115-2129. (Pubitemid 24430208)
9. Codispoti, L. A., and F. A. Richards (1968), Micronutrient distributions in the East Siberian and Laptev seas during summer 1963, Arctic, 21, 67-83.
10. Codispoti, L. A., C. Flagg, V. Kelly, and J. H. Swift (2005), Hydrographic conditions during the 2002 SBI process experiments, Deep-Sea Res. Part II, 52, 3199-3226, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.10.007. (Pubitemid 41767546)
11. Cooper, L. W., J. W. McClelland, R. M. Holmes, P. A. Raymond, J. J. Gibson, C. K. Guay, and B. J. Peterson (2008), Flow-weighted values of runoff tracers (d18O, DOC, Ba, alkalinity) from the six largest Arctic rivers, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L18606, doi:10.1029/2008GL035007.
12. Cota, G. F., L. R. Pomeroy, W. G. Harrison, E. P. Jones, F. Peters, W. M. Sheldon Jr., and T. R. Weingartner (1996), Nutrients, primary production and microbial heterotrophy in the south eastern Chukchi Sea: Arctic summer nutrient depletion and heterotrophy, Mar. Ecol., Prog. Ser. 135, 247-258.
13. Dethleff, D. (2010), Dense water formation in the Laptev Sea flaw lead, J. Geophys. Res., 115, C12022, doi:10.1029/2009JC006080.
14. Dmitrenko, I. A., V. V. Ivanov, S. A. Kirillov, E. L. Vinogradova, S. Torres-Valdes, and D. Bauch (2011), Properties of the Atlantic derived halocline waters over the Laptev Sea continental margin: Evidence from 2002 to 2009, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C10024, doi:10.1029/2011JC007269.
15. Ekwurzel, B., P. Schlosser, R. A. Mortlock, and R. G. Fairbenks (2001), River runoff, sea ice meltwater, and Pacific water distribution and mean residence times in the Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 106, C5, 9075-9092.
16. Gordon, L. I., J. C. Jennings, A. A. Ross, and J. M. Krest (1993), A suggested protocol for continuous flow automated analysis of seawater nutrients (phosphate, nitrate, nitrite and silicic acid) in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean Fluxes Study, WOCE Hydrographic Program Office, Methods Manual WHPO 91-1. (Available at http://whpo.ucsd.edu/manuals/pdf/91-1/ gordnut.pdf)
17. Haraldsson C., L. G. Anderson, M. Hassellöv, S. Hulth, and K. Olsson (1997), Rapid, high-precision potentiometric titration of alkalinity in the ocean and sediment pore waters, Deep-Sea Res. I 44, 2031-2044. (Pubitemid 28166985)
18. Houssais, M.-N., C. Herbaut, P. Schlichtholz, and C. Rousset (2007), Arctic salinity anomalies and their link to the North Atlantic during a positive phase of the Arctic Oscillation, Prog. Ocean., 73, 160-189. (Pubitemid 46722726)
19. Jahn, A., B. Tremblay, L. A. Mysak, and R. Newton (2010), Effect of the large-scale atmospheric circulation on the variability of the Arctic Ocean freshwater export, Clim. Dyn. 34, 201-222, doi:10.1007/s00382-009-0558-z.
20. Johnson, K. M., J. M. Sieburth, P. J. Williams, and L. Brändström (1987), Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: automation and calibration, Mar. Chem. 21, 117-133.
21. Jones, E. P., and L. G. Anderson (1986), On the Origin of the Chemical Properties of the Arctic Ocean Halocline, J. Geophys. Res. 91, 10759-10767.
22. Jones E. P., L. G. Anderson, S. Jutterström, and J. H. Swift (2008), Sources and Distribution of Fresh water in the East Greenland Current, Prog. Ocean., 78, 37-44, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2007.06.003.
23. Kinney, P., M. E. Arhelger, D. Burrell (1970), Chemical characteristics of water masses in the Amundsen Basin of the Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res. 75, 4097-4104.
24. Lee, K., and F. J. Millero (1995), Thermodynamic studies of the carbonate system in seawater, Deep-Sea Res., I, 42, 2035-2061. (Pubitemid 3012396)
25. Lepore, K., S. B. Moran, J. M. Grebmeier, L. M. Cooper, C. Lalande, W. Maslowski, V. Hill, N. R. Bates, D. A. Hansell, J. T. Mathis, and R. P. Kelly (2007), Seasonal and interannual changes in particulate organic carbon export and deposition in the Chukchi Sea, J. Geophys. Res. 112, C10024, doi:10.1029/2006JC003555. (Pubitemid 350285685)
26. McPhee, M. G., A. Proshutinsky, J. H. Morison, M. Steele, and M. B. Alkire (2009), Rapid change in freshwater content of the Arctic Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett. 36, doi:10.1029/2009GL037525.
27. Melling, H., and E. L. Lewis (1982), Shelf drainage flows in the Beaufort Sea and their effect on the Arctic Ocean pycnocline, Deep-See Res., 29, 967-985.
28. Midttun, L. (1985), Formation of dense bottom water in the Barents Sea, Deep-Sea Res., 32, 1233-1241.
29. 210Po in the Arctic Ocean and the implication of chemical modification of the Pacific water inflow, Earth Planet. Sci, Lett., 77, 285-292.
30. Moore, R. M., M. G. Lowings, and F. C. Tan (1983), Geochemical profiles in the Central Arctic Ocean: Their relation to freezing and shallow circulation, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 2667-2674.
31. Nishino, S, K. Shimada, M. Itoh, and S. Chiba (2009), Vertical Double Silicate Maxima in the Sea-Ice Reduction Region of the Western Arctic Ocean: Implications for an Enhanced Biological Pump due to Sea-Ice Reduction J. Oceanogr, 65, 871-883.
32. Olsson, K., and L. G. Anderson (1997), Input and biogeochemical transformation of dissolved carbon in the Siberian shelf seas, Cont. Shelf Res., 17, 819-833.
33. Pabi, S., G. L. van Dijken, and K. R. Arrigo (2008), Primary production in the Arctic Ocean, 1998-2006, J. Geophys. Res. 113, C08005, doi:10.1029/2007JC004578.
34. 18O, manuscript.
35. Proshutinsky, A., R. H. Bourke, and F. A. McLaughlin (2002), The role of the Beaufort Gyre in Arctic climate variability: Seasonal to decadal climate scales, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(23), 2100, doi:10.1029/2002GL015847.
36. Proshutinsky, A., R. Krishfield, M.-L. Timmermans, J. Toole, E. Carmack, F. McLaughlin, W. J. Williams, S. Zimmermann, M. Itoh, and K. Shimada (2009), Beaufort Gyre freshwater reservoir: State and variability from observations, J. Geophys. Res., 114, C00A10, doi:10.1029/2008JC005104.
37. Rudels, B., L. G. Anderson, and E. P. Jones (1996), Formation and evolution of the surface mixed layer and halocline of the Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 8807-8821.
38. Rudels, B., E. P. Jones, L. G. Anderson and G. Kattner (1994), On the intermediate depth waters of the Arctic Ocean, in The Polar Oceans and Their Role in Shaping the Global Environment, edited by O. M. Johannessen R.D. Muench and J.E. Overland, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., 33-46.
39. Sakshaug, E. (2004), Primary and secondary production in the Arctic seas, in: The Organic Carbon Cycle in the Arctic Ocean, edited by: Stein, R. and Macdonald, R. W., Springer, New York, 57-81.
40. Schlitzer, R. (2011), Ocean Data View, http://odv.awi.de.
41. Schlosser, P., B. Kromer, B. Ekwurzel, G. Bönisch, A. McNichol, R. Schneider, K. von Reden, H. G. Östlund, and J. H. Swift (1997), The first trans-Arctic 14C section: comparison of the mean ages of the deep waters in the Eurasian and Canadian basins of the Arctic Ocean, Nucl. Instr. Methods Physics Res., B, 123, 431-437. (Pubitemid 127413569)
42. Serreze, M. C., A. P. Barrett, A. G. Slater, R. A. Woodgate, K. Aagaard, R. B. Lammers, M. Steele, R. Moritz, M. Meredith, and C. M. Lee (2006), The large-scale freshwater cycle of the Arctic, J. Geophys. Res. 111, doi:10.1029/2005JC003424. (Pubitemid 47386254)
43. Tanhua T., E. P. Jones, E. Jeansson, S. Jutterström, W. M. Smethie Jr., D. W. R. Wallace, L.G. Anderson (2009), Ventilation of the Arctic Ocean: mean ages and inventories of anthropogenic CO2 and CFC-11, J. Geophys. Res., 114, C01002, doi:10.1029/2008JC004868.
44. Timmermans, M.-L., A. Proshutinsky, R. A. Krishfield, D. K. Perovich, J. A. Richter-Menge, T. P. Stanton, and J. M. Toole (2011), Surface freshening in the Arctic Ocean's Eurasian Basin: An apparent consequence of recent change in the wind-driven circulation, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C00D03, doi:10.1029/ 2011JC006975.
45. Walsh, J. J., C. P. McRoy, L. K. Coachman, J. J. Goering, J. J., Nihoul, T. E. Whitledge, T. H. Blackburn, P. L. Parker, C. D. Wirick, P. G. Shuert, J. M. Grebmeier, A. M. Springer, R. D. Tripp, D. Hansell, S. Djenidi, E. Deelersnijder, K. Henriksen, B. A. Lund, P. Andersen, F. E. Müller-Karger, and K. Dean (1989), Carbon and nitrogen cycling within the Bering/Chukchi Seas: source regions for organic matter affecting AOU demands of the Arctic Ocean, Prog. Oceanogr. 22, 279-361.
46. Woodgate R. A., K. Aaagard, R. D. Muench, J. Gunn, G. Björk, B. Rudels, A. T. Roach, and U. Schauer (2001), The Arctic Ocean boundary current along the Eurasian slope and the adjacent Lomonosov Ridge: Water mass properties, transports and transformation from moored instruments, Deep Sea Res., 48, 1757-1792. (Pubitemid 32507438)
47. 18O and alkalinity (1929-2002 A.D.), J. Geophys. Res. 110, doi:10.1029/2004JC002793. (Pubitemid 41763331)
48. Yamamoto-Kawai, M., F. A. McLaughlin, and E. C. Carmack (2011), Effects of ocean acidification, warming and melting of sea ice on aragonite saturation of the Canada Basin surface water, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L03601, doi:10.1029/2010GL045501.