Of Parts and Wholes: International Relations beyond the Human

Millennium: Journal of International Studies

Volumn 41, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 430-450

  Cudworth, Erika ^a   Hobden, Stephen ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EAST LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Agency; complex adaptive system; complexity; emergence; posthumanism

Indexed keywords

EID: 84878874163     PISSN: 03058298     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0305829813485875     Document Type: Article

References (98)

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3. Cristoforo Sergio Bertuglia and Franco Vaio, Nonlinearity, Chaos and Complexity: The Dynamics of Natural and Social Systems (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 315.
4. Erika Cudworth and Stephen Hobden, 'More Than a Metaphor? Complexity in the Social Sciences', International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences 4, no. 4 (1999): 59-70.
5. Posthuman International Relations, ch. 2.
6. Edgar Morin, 'Restricted Complexity, General Complexity', in Worldviews, Science and Us: Philosophy and Complexity, eds Carlos Gershenson, Diederik Aerts and Bruce Edmonds (Singapore: World Scientific Publishing, 2007), 5-29.
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12. Ibid., 42.
13. Morin E., Method, 127.
14. Ibid., 132.
15. Frances Westley, Stephen R. Carpenter, William A. Brock et al., 'Why Systems of People and Nature Are Not Just Social and Ecological Systems', in Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems, eds Lance H. Gunderson and C.S. Holling (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2002), 108.
16. Mario Bunge, Matter and Mind: A Philosophical Inquiry (Dordrecht: Springer, 2010), 75.
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18. Morin E., Method, 110.
19. Ibid., 112, emphasis in original.
20. Ibid., 107.
21. David Dessler, 'What's at Stake in the Agent-Structure Debate?', International Organization 43, no. 3 (1989): 443.
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24. Kenneth Waltz, Theory of International Politics (Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill, 1979).
25. Waltz K., Theory, 18.
26. Ibid., 73-4.
27. Immanuel Wallerstein, The Politics of the World Economy: The States, the Movements and the Civilisations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), 150.
28. Immanuel Wallerstein, Unthinking Social Science: The Limits of Nineteeth Century Paradigms (Cambridge: Polity Press), 235.
29. Alexander Wendt, 'The Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations Theory', International Organization 41, no. 3 (1987): 335-70.
30. Wendt K., 'The Agent-Structure Problem', 337.
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32. Levels of Analysis vs. Agents and Structures: Part III', Review of International Studies 18, no. 2 (1992): 181-5.
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34. Structure and Action: Further Comment', Review of International Studies 18, no. 2 (1992): 187-8.
35. Two Stories about Structure and Agency', Review of International Studies 20, no. 3 (1994): 241-51.
36. Roxanne Lyn Doty, 'Aporia: A Critical Exploration of the Agent-Structure Problematique in International Relations Theory', European Journal of International Relations 3, no. 3 (1997): 365-92.
37. Wight K., Agents, Structures, 13.
38. Ibid., 175-6.
39. See discussion in Erika Cudworth and Stephen Hobden, Posthuman International Relations, 97-109.
40. Bunge M., Treatise, 186.
41. Leslie Irvine, If You Tame Me: Understanding Our Connection with Animals (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2004), 6.
42. Irvine L., If You Tame Me, 128.
43. Margaret Archer, Being Human: The Problem of Agency (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 261.
44. Bob Carter and Nickie Charles, 'Human-Animal Connections: An Introduction', in Human and Other Animals: Critical Perspectives, eds Bob Carter and Nickie Charles (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2011), 12.
45. Johnathan Balcome, Second Nature: The Inner Lives of Animals (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2010), 5.
46. Murry Bookchin, The Philosophy of Social Ecology (Montreal: Black Rose Books, 1990), 162.
47. Murry Bookchin, The Ecology of Freedom: The Emergence and Dissolution of Hierarchy (Edinburgh: AK Press, 2005), 26.
48. Carter B. and Charles N., 'Human-Animal Connections', 14.
49. Frans de Waal, Chimpanzee Politics: Power and Sex among Apes (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007), 4.
50. Ted Benton, 'Conclusion: Philosophy, Materialism, and Nature - Comments and Reflections', in Nature, Social Relations and Human Needs: Essays in Honour of Ted Benton, eds Sandra Moog and Rob Stones (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), 230.
51. Ted Benton, Natural Relations: Ecology, Animal Rights and Social Justice (London: Verso, 1993), 45-57.
52. Donna Haraway, When Species Meet (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2008).
53. Carter B., and Charles N., 'Human-Animal Connections', 13.
54. Margaret Archer, Structure, Agency and the Internal Conversation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 26.
55. Carol J. Adams and Marjorie Proctor-Smith, 'Taking Life or Taking on Life? Table Talk and Animals', in Ecofeminism and the Sacred, ed. Carol J. Adams (New York: Continuum, 1993), 295-310.
56. Jürgen Habermas, 'Three Normative Models of Democracy', in Democracy and Difference: Contesting the Boundaries of the Political, ed. Seyla Benhabib (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996), 21-30.
57. Also see Andrew Linklater, The Transformation of Political Community: Ethical Foundations of the Post-Westphalian Order (Oxford: Polity, 1998).
58. Dialogic Politics and the Civilising Process', Review of International Studies 31, no. 1 (2005): 141-54.
59. Nikolas Rose, Powers of Freedom: Reframing Political Theory (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).
60. Andrew Dobson and Derek Bell, 'Introduction', in Environmental Citizenship, eds Andrew Dobson and Derek Bell (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005), 1-20.
61. Andrew Dobson and Robyn Eckersley, eds, Political Theory and the Ecological Challenge (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006).
62. Erika Cudworth and Stephen Hobden, Posthuman International Relations, 140-68.
63. Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar, Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986).
64. John Law, 'Practising Nature and Culture: An Essay for Ted Benton', in Nature, Social Relations and Human Needs: Essays in Honour of Ted Benton, eds Sandra Moog and Rob Stones (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), 71.
65. Michael Callon, 'Some Elements of a Sociology of Translation: Domestication of the Scallops and the Fishermen of St Brieue Bay', in Power, Action and Belief: A New Sociology of Knowledge?, ed. John Law (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1986), 196-233.
66. Karen Barad, 'Posthumanist Performativity: Toward an Understanding of How Matter Comes to Matter', Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 28, no. 3 (2003): 801-31.
67. Val Plumwood, Feminism and the Mastery of Nature (London: Routledge, 1993).
68. Erika Cudworth, Social Lives with Other Animals: Tales of Sex, Death and Love (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011).
69. See Cary Wolfe, What Is Posthumanism? (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2010).
70. Law J., 'Practising Nature and Culture', 68.
71. Ibid., 70.
72. Benton T., 'Conclusion', 217.
73. Jane Bennett, Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2010).
74. Fritjof Capra, The Web of Life: A New Synthesis of Mind and Matter (New York: HarperCollins, 1996).
75. Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela, Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1980).
76. The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding (Boston, MA: Shambhala, 1987).
77. Bennett J., Vibrant Matter, 13.
78. Jane Bennett, 'The Force of Things', Political Theory 32, no. 3 (2004): 347-72.
79. Jane Bennett, Vibrant Matter, 24-8.
80. Ibid., 36-7.
81. Bruno Latour, 'A Plea for Earthly Sciences', in New Social Connections: Sociology's Subjects and Objects, eds Judith Burnett, Syd Jeffers and Graham Thomas (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2009), 72-84.
82. Stuart Kauffman, The Origins of Order: Self Organization and Selection in Evolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993).
83. James Lovelock, The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning (London: Allen Lane, 2009).
84. Anthony Giddens, The Constitution of Society (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984).
85. With reference to the Mediterranean, Braudel discusses 'a climate which has imposed its uniformity on both landscape and way of life'.
86. See Fernand Braudel, The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II, Volume 1 (Berkley CA, University of California Press, 1995 [1949]), 231.
87. There have been recent panics over various viruses, for example, SARs, which so far have come to little. However, the influenza outbreak following the First World War is thought to have resulted in the deaths of somewhere between 50 and 100 million people.
88. The Black Death in Europe in the 14th century wiped out approximately 30% of the population, with implications, some argue, for the development of social structures, including capitalism.
89. Patrick Baker, 'Chaos, Order and Sociological Theory', Sociological Inquiry 63, no. 2 (1993): 133.
90. Edgar Morin, On Complexity (Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, 2008), 96.
91. Thomas Homer-Dixon, 'The Newest Science: Replacing Physics, Ecology Will Be the Master Science of the 21st Century', Alternatives Journal 35, no. 4 (2009): 8-38.
92. Edgar Morin, On Complexity, 84.
93. Complexity thinking is perhaps the one area of thinking that links business studies, poststructuralism and Marxism.
94. See John Sterman, Business Dynamics: Systems Thinking and Modeling for a Complex World (London: Irwin/McGraw-Hill, 2000).
95. Paul Cilliers, Complexity and Post-modernism: Understanding Complex Systems (London: Routledge, 1998).
96. David Byrne, Complexity Theory and the Social Sciences (London: Routledge, 1998).
97. Erika Cudworth and Stephen Hobden, 'Anarchy and Anarchism: Towards a Theory of Complex International Systems', Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 39 no. 2 (2010), 399-416.
98. See Erika Cudworth and Stephen Hobden, Posthuman International Relations, 184-185.